A Mini Project

on
“USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN BITUMEN PAVEMENT”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements
For the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
BHUKYA BINDHU 20R95A0105

MORIGALA SAIKUMAR 20R95A0122

JADHAV UDAY KIRAN 19R91A0154

SURABHI NIKHIL 19R91A0177

Under the guidance of

N. CHANDRASHEKAR NAIK
Assistant Professor

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroornagar, Hyderabad-097
Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad
2022 – 2023
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroornagar, Hyderabad-097
Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad
2022-2023

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN BITUMEN
PAVEMENT” .That is being submitted by BHUKYA BINDHU (20R95A0105),
MORIGALA SAIKUMAR (20R95A0122), JADHAV UDAY KIRAN (19R91A0154) ,
SURABHI NIKHIL (19R91A0177). In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award
of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING by JNTUH, during the
Academic year 2022-23.

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

N. CHANDRASHEKAR NAIK DR. P. VENKAT RAM REDDY

Viva Voce held on: ___________________________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Medbowli, Meerpet, Saroornagar, Hyderabad-097
Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad
2021-2022

DECLARATION

We BHUKYA BINDHU (20R95A0105), MORIGALA SAIKUMAR (20R95A0122),

JADHAV UDAY KIRAN (19R91A0154), SURABHI NIKHIL (19R91A0177), hereby
declare that the work embodied in this project entitled “USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN
BITUMEN PAVEMENT” submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Hyderabad, for partial fulfilment of the Award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL
ENGINEERING by JNTUH, during the Academic year 2021-22 has been carried out by
us under the supervision of N. CHANDRA SHEKAR NAIK . To the best of my knowledge,
this work has not been submitted for any other degree in any University.

BHUKYA BINDHU 20R95A0105

MORIGALA SAIKUMAR 20R95A0122

JADHAV UDAY KIRAN 19R91A0154

SURABHI NIKHIL 19R91A0177

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria the accompanies the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose
encouragement and guidance have crowned my efforts with success.

First, We would like to thank our Project guide N. CHANDRA SHEKAR NAIK ,
Assistant Professor in Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING, for his inspiration, adroit
guidance and constructive criticism for completion of my degree.

Also, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to DR. P . VENKAT RAM REDDY
Head of Department in CIVIL ENGINEERING during the progress of the Project work, for
his timely suggestions and help in spite of his busy schedule.

We would like to convey our special gratitude to the Vice-Principal Dr.

KMV.MADANKUMAR , for his inspiration, adroit guidance and constructive criticism for
completion of this work

My acknowledgement extended to Principal Dr. K.V. Murali Mohan, Principal of

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE for his consistent help and
encouragement to complete the research work.

We are very much thankful to TKR EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY on behalf of my beloved

Chairman Sri TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY Garu for their help in providing good facilities
in our college.

BHUKYA BINDHU 20R95A0105

MORIGALA SAIKUMAR 20R95A0122

JADHAV UDAY KIRAN 19R91A0154

SURABHI NIKHIL 19R91A0177

 ABSTRACT

The waste plastic and its disposal is a major threat to the environment, which results in
pollution and global warming. The utilization of plastic waste in bituminous mixes enhances
its properties and also its strength . In addition it will also be a solution to plastic disposal
& various defects in pavement viz., pot holes, corrugation, ruts, etc. the waste plastic used
are poly-ethylene, poly-styrene, poly-propylene. The waste plastic is shredded & coated
over aggregate & mixed with hot bitumen and resulted mix is used for pavement
construction. This will not only strengthen the pavement and also increases its durability.
The titanium-dioxide is used as a smoke absorbent material, which will absorb the smoke
from the vehicles. This innovative technology will be boon for Indian hot-humid climate. It’s
economical and eco-friendly. In this paper, we have discussed about the soil properties to
be considered in design of pavement, pavement design, process of construction flexible
and plastic-smoke absorbent pavement.

Keywords : plastic waste, flexible pavement, strength, eradication of pot holes

 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTON

The major threat to the environment is the disposal of waste plastic. In a

highway, the potholes and corrugation is the major problem. Plastic pavement will be
a better solution to the above stated problems. A material that contain one or more
organic polymer of large molecular weight, solid in its finished state, can be shaped
by its flow is called as “plastic”. The durability of plastic is high and it degrades very
slowly. And also plastic has high resistant to degradation. Plastic can be divided into
two major categories- thermoses & thermoplastics. Thermosets have high durability
and strength because it solidifies irreversibly when heated, henceforth can be used
primarily in construction application. Plastic is a non-degradable waste, causes green
house effect and global warming. The various experiments have been carried out
whether the waste plastic can be reused productively. The various literature indicated
that the waste plastic when added to hot aggregates will form a fine coat of plastic
over the aggregate and such aggregates when mixed with binder is found to
have higher strength, higher resistance and better performance over a period of time.
Along with bitumen, use waste plastic increases its life and smoothness. It is
economical and eco-friendly. Addition of plastic waste in construction of pavements
reduces the plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. The use of waste plastic improves
the abrasion & slip resistance of asphalt pavement. In India, because of hot and
extremely humid climate, plastic pavements of greatest advantage.

In order absorb the smoke from the vehicles; titanium di-oxide can be used. It
also enhances the mechanical properties of the plastic, resulting in higher strength
and high resistance.

Objective

The objectives of this project are:

 To carry out the soil test.

 To design the flexible pavement
 To design the asphalt pavement with aggregate- plastic- bitumen mix.
 To coat the aggregate with plastic and incorporate titanium di-oxide.
 To test the bitumen and the modified bitumen.
Scope of The Project

 To eradicate potholes
 To minimize the global warming , greenhouse gases and pollution.
 The lifespan of the roads can be increased.
 Eco-friendly in nature.
Advantages

 Reduce the need of bitumen by around 10%.

 Develop a technology which is eco-friendly.
 Improvements in fatigue life of roads.
 Increase the strength and better performance of the road.
 Use higher percentage of plastic waste.
 The gases released during traffic conditions are absorbed by smoke
absorbent.

Disadvantages

 Toxic present in the co-mingled plastic wastes would start leaching.

 But the presence of chlorine will definitely release HCL gas.
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Dr.R.Vasudevan,(2007) - stated that the polymer bitumen blend is a better

binder compared to plain bitumen. Blend has increased softening point and
decreased Penetration value with a suitable ductility.

Zahra Niloofar Kalantar(2012) - Many researches on PMA mixture have been

conducted for the past two decades. Although addition of virgin polymers to asphalt
for the purpose of enhancing the properties of asphalt over a wide temperature range
in paving applications was contemplated quite some time ago, recycled polymer
added to asphalt have also shown almost the same result in improving the road
pavement performance as compared to virgin polymers. This paper is a review of the
use of polymers in asphalt pavement. In this study, a critical review on the history and
benefits of using waste and virgin polymer in asphalt is presented followed by a review
of general studies on using polymers in asphalt in order to improve the properties
of pavement .

Amit Gawande (2012) - The quantum of plastic waste in municipal solid waste
(MSW) is increasing due to increase in population, urbanization, development
activities and changes in life style which leading widespread littering on the landscape.
Thus disposal of waste plastic is a menace and become a serious problem globally
due to their non-biodegradability and un aesthetic view. Since these are not disposed
scientifically & possibility to create ground and water pollution. This waste plastic
partially replaced the conventional material to improve desired mechanical
characteristics for particular road mix. In conventional road making process bitumen
is used as binder. Such bitumen can be modified with waste plastic pieces and bitumen
mix is made which can be used as a top layer coat of flexible pavement11. This waste
plastic modified bitumen mix show better binding property, stability, density and more
resistant to water.
 CHAPTER -3

METHODOLOGY
Materials used for the preparation of Plastic Bituminous mix

1. Aggregates

Aggregates can classify by their mineral, chemical and physical properties. The
pavement industry typically relies on physical properties for performance
characterization. An aggregate's physical properties are a direct result of its mineral and
chemical properties.

Aggregates used in the surface course can be divide into two types according to their
size: large aggregates and fine aggregates. Coarse aggregates are generally defined
as those retained in the 10 mm sieve. Fine aggregates are those that pass through the
4.75 mm sieve and retained in the 0.075 mm sieve. Aggregates needed for the
research work will be procure in the local market.

2. Bitumen

Bitumen acts as binding agent for aggregates in bituminous mixes. Normally, in India
we used mainly grade 60/70 or 80/100 bitumen in construction of flexible pavement.
For the research, Grade 80/100 of bitumen was used confirming to ASTM standards.
3. Waste Plastic Modifiers

Modifiers generally used to enhance the properties of bituminous concrete mixes by

reducing the air void present between the aggregates and to bind them together so that
no bleeding of bitumen will occur. For the present study, we use plastic waste such as
carry bags and hard polythene bags as a plastic modifier.
FIELD TRAIL

There are two processes for constructing flexible pavement using waste plastic,

A. Dry process

For the flexible pavement, hot stone aggregate (170) is mixed with hot bitumen (160° C)
and the mix is used for road laying. The aggregate is chosen on the basis of its strength.
porosity and moisture absorption capacity as per IS coding. The bitumen is chosen on the
basis of its binding property, penetration value and viscoelastic property. The aggregate.
when coated with plastics improved its quality with respect to voids, moisture absorption
and soundness. The coating of plastic decreases the porosity and helps to improve the
quality of the aggregate and its performance in the flexible pavement. It is to be noted here
that stones with 2% porosity only allowed by the specification.

1. Plastic waste like bags, bottles, etc are cut into size between 2.36mm and 4.75mm
using shredding machine.
2. The aggregate mix is heated to 170' and then it is transferred to mixing chamber.
3. Similarly the bitumen is to be heated up to a maximum of 160°.
4. At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is added over the hot
aggregate.
5. The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen
 B. Wet process

Waste plastic is ground and made into powder: 6 to 8% plastic is mixed with the bitumen.
Plastic increases the melting point of the bitumen and makes the road retain its flexibility
during winters resulting in its long life. Use of shredded plastic waste acts as a strong
"handing agent" for tar making the asphalt last long. By mixing plastic with bitumen the
ability of the bitumen to withstand high temperature increases. The plastic waste is melted
and mixed with bitumen in a particular ratio. Normally, blending takes place when
temperature reaches 45.5° C but when plastic is mixed, it remains stable even at 55° C.

The vigorous tests at the laboratory level proved that the bituminous concrete mixes
prepared. Using the treated bitumen binder fulfilled all the specified Marshall mix design
criteria for surface course of road pavement. There was a substantial increase in Marshall
Stability value of the mix, of the order of two to three times higher value in comparison with
the untreated or ordinary bitumen. Another important observation was that the bituminous
mixes prepared using the treated binder could withstand adverse soaking conditions under
water for longer duration.

1. Waste plastics by direct mixing with hot bitumen at 160°C.

2. Mechanical stirrer is needed.
3. Addition of stabilizers and proper cooling.
4. Since the wet process require a lot of investment and bigger plants, for better or
easy construction process we prefer dry process.
Construction of Polymer Coated Bitumen Road

1. Segregation

Plastic waste collected from various sources must be separated from other waste.
Maximum thickness of 60 microns.
2. Collection of plastic waste
Plastic consumption has grown at a tremendous rate over the past two decades as
plastics now play an important role in all aspects of modern lifestyle. Collection and
disposal of plastic waste has emerged as an important environmental challenge and its
recycling is facing roadblocks due to their non-degradable nature. There are four basic
ways in which communities can offer plastic recycling collection services for plastic
bottles and containers – curbside, drop-off, buy-back or deposit/refund programs.

3. Cleaning process

Perhaps not everyone knows that plastic waste, after being collected and
conveniently selected, also needs to be washed and cleaned before going
through the next recycling process stage. Indeed, each different type of material
needs a specific washing, capable of removing impurities to guarantee an
excellent final result. Initially, a pre-washing is carried out to remove the most
superficial residues. At this stage, a so-called ‘pre-washing tank’ may also be used
to remove heavy contamination from plastic materials.

The real washing operation can be hot or cold, with water or dry, depending on
the plastic type. As a matter of fact, there are different types of plastic materials In
 some cases, a so-called ‘mechanical cleaning’ is used to obtain a greater result
by deploying technologies such as vibratory plates or puffs of compressed air.

4. Shredding process

A shredder is a machine or equipment used for shredding. Shredding systems are

used to reduce the size of a given material. While most online dictionaries define
the shredder as “a device used for shredding documents as a security measure to
prevent identity theft," shredders can be of many types based on the material
being processed.

There are shredders designed to support material reduction across a range of

recycling applications, including plastic recycling, scrap metal, e-waste recycling,
wood recycling, and tire-shredding or recycling. The shredding process produces
raw material to be re-introduced into manufacturing, as well as finished products
such as landscape mulch. Various terminology is used to describe size reduction
equipment, including grinders, chippers, granulators and hammer mills.
5. Construction of Waste Plastic Road

The municipal waste is first segregated and the plastic waste is separated from the rest of
the waste. The segregated waste plastic is then washed, dried and shredded in small
pieces as shown in photo 3. The shredded waste plastic is added into the mixing plant by
putting it manually on the conveyor belt along with the aggregates. The aggregates and
waste plastic are heated in the rotating drum so that the plastic melts and coat the
aggregates, after which the bitumen is mixed with the plastic coated aggregates. As the
waste plastic passes through the heat chamber in the mixing plant along with the
aggregates, it is required to maintain the temperature of the heating chamber to 165-
170oC to avoid burning of waste plastic. The waste plastic modified asphalt mix was then
transported to site and was laid using conventional procedure and machinery. Photo 9
shows the final look of the waste plastic road.
 CHAPTER -4

TEST ON BITUMEN WITHOUT PLASTIC AND WITH PLASTIC

Ductility test for without plastic

The ductility of a bituminous material is measured bythe distance in centimeters to which

it will elongate before breakingwhen a briquette specimen of the material of the form pulled
apart at a specified speed and at a specified temperature.Penetration test procedure can
see appendix.

Ductility test values for bitumen without plastic

Initial reading 0 0 0

Final reading 76.8 75.8 76.6

Ductility=FR- 76.8 75.8 76.6

IR

Content Trial Tria Trial

-1 l-2 -3

The Ductility value of bitumen is 76.4 cm.This value is < 75 cm and is

related with given recommended value on IS-73.
 Ductility test with plastic
The ductility of a bituminous material is measured by the distance in
centimetres to which it will elongate before breaking when a briquette
specimen of the material of the form pulled apart at a specified speed
and at a specified temperature.Penetration test procedure can see
appendix.
The values of bitumen is obtain at test as follows

Ductility test values for bitumen with plastic

Content Trial-1 Trial-2 Trail-3

Initial reading 0 0 0

Final reading 76.2 78.6 82.7

Ductility=FR- 76.2 78.6 82.7

IR

The Ductility value of bitumen is 79.17 cm. This value is < 75 cm and is related with given
recommended value on IS-73.
 Conclusion
Based on the present work the following conclusion can be drawn regarding the
improvement of asphalt mixture that will be used in the local street paving by the use
of waste plastics additive displacement:
 Waste plastics (HDPE, PET, and polypropylene) modified bituminous binders
provide better resistance against permanent deformations according to their
high stability and high Marshall Quotient and it contributes to recirculation of
plastic wastes as well as to protection of the environment.
Waste plastics will increase the melting point of the bitumen. Then use
of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but
also increased the
 Ductility value for bitumen with plastic is 79.17cm and is greater than the
ductility value for bitumen
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March (2010) p. 92.
3. N. Z. Habib, I. Kamruddin, M. Napiah and I. Mohd, Tan
Rheological Properties of Polythylene and Polypropylene
Modified Bitumen, World Academy of Science Engg. Tech., 72
(2010).
4. S. S. Verma, Roads from Plastic Waste, The Indian Concrete
Journal, November (2008) p. 43-44.
5. Sunil Bose and Sridhar Raju, “Utilization of Waste Plastic in
Bituminous Concrete Mixes”, Roads and Pavements,
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Saurabhtayde, “Utilization of Waste Plastic in Asphalting of
Roads, Dec (2012).
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