Purposive Communication

Communicative Processes, Principles, and Ethics

Components of Communication Process:

1. Source 4. Receiver 7. Interference
2. Message 5. Context 8. Environment
3. Channel 6. Feedback

1. Source
 The author carefully crafts the message
 The sender may be anyone: an author of a book, a public speaker, or even a traffic
enforcer
2. Message
 The reason behind any interaction
 The meaning shared between the sender and the receiver
 Poems, songs, essays, news article, road signs, and even symbols
3. Channel
 The means by which a message is conveyed
 When we answer a call, the phone is the channel
4. Receiver
 The person who received the transmitted message
5. Context
 Involves the expectation of the sender and the receiver and the common or shared
understanding through the environmental signals
6. Feedback
 This is essential to confirm recipient understanding
 Feedbacks may be written, spoken, or acted out
7. Interference
 Also known as the barrier or block that prevents effective communication to take place
8, Environment
 The place, the feeling, the mood, the mindset, and the condition of both the sender and
receiver
Kinds of Interference:
PSYCHOLOGICAL PHYSICAL MECHANICAL LINGUISTIC AND
CULTURAL
 Thoughts that  Include  Those raised by the  Pertain to the
hamper the competing channels employed language and
message to be stimulus, for interpersonal, its cultural
interpreted weather and group or mass environment.
correctly by climate, communication.
the receiver health and  Cellphones,
ignorance of laptops, and other
the medium gadgets used in
communication

Types of Speeches and Methods of Delivery

1. Types of Informative Speech
2. Types of Persuasive Speech
3. The Ceremonial Speeches

1. Informative Speech (conveys knowledge)

 A task that every person engages in every day in some form or another.
Goals:
 Speaking to enhance understanding
 Speaking to ignite and maintain interest
 Speaking to be remembered
 Types of Informative Speech
1. Explanatory Speech
 Makes a topic or a subject clear through concrete illustrations and examples.
2. Descriptive Speech
 Creates a vivid picture in the audience’s mind regarding a person, an object, an
event, a place or an animal.
3. Definition Speech
 Gives and clarifies the meaning, theory or philosophy of a specific topic.
4. Demonstration Speech
 Explains or illustrates how something is done
2. Persuasive Speech
 Process of changing or reinforcing beliefs, attitudes, behavior, or values
  Types of Persuasive Speech
1. Factual Persuasive Speech
 Based on whether a particular belief or statement is true or false and is backed
with strong evidence
2. Value Persuasive Speech
 Tells whether something is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, moral or immoral,
good or bad.
3. Policy Persuasive Speech
 Used to convince the audience to either accept or reject a certain policy, candidate
or rule: It argues the nature of the problem and the solution that should be taken.
3. Entertainment and Ceremonial Speeches
1. Introduction
 Provides information to the audience about the main speaker
2. Nomination
 Officially names someone as a candidate for an office or a position. It involved
noting the occasion and describing the significance and purpose of the office to be
filled.
3. Toast
 A short message of congratulations, appreciation, and remembrance that is usually
followed by a round of drinks and immediately followed by the raising or clinking
together of goblets of glasses.
4. Keynote Address
 Emphasizes the significance of the topic or the purpose of the meeting, motivates
the audience to learn more or work harder, and sets the theme and tone for other
speakers and events.
5. Award Presentation
 Speaker should talk about the significance and brief history of the award then a
description of the achievements that elicited the award.
6. Acceptance
 Is given to express gratitude
7. Eulogy
 Given at memorial service to pay tribute to the deceased
8. Commencement Address
 Delivered at a graduation or commencement ceremony of an educational
institution by a graduate, a prominent member of the alumni, a politician or a
celebrity to the graduating class, their families and guests.
Other Definitions
1. Public Speaking
 Process of speaking in a structured, deliberate manner to inform, influence or
entertain an audience.
2. Speech
 The body spoken expressions of information and ideas.
Speeches can be delivered in a form of:
o Reading from a manuscript
o Memorized speech
o Extemporaneous Speaking
o Impromptu