uydfndaêh uq,a nei.

ekSu
^YS% uydfndaêYdLdj fjka lr .ekSu" uq,a woaojd.ekSu yd frdamKh iïnkaOfhka jk
jxil:d.; m%jdo ms<sn| ;=<kd;aul wOHhkhla&

—''''''uyd fndaê YdLd f;dfuda f¾Ld l< ;ekska f;dfudau is£ iq.kaOl¾ufhka msreKq jQ lgdru u;af;ys msyás fha h' kf¾Yajr
f;u uQ, f¾Ldfjka u;af;ys ;=kÕ=f,ka ;=kÕ=, r;a isßhf,ka kj ;efkl f¾Ld Þkh lrñka msßiskafoa h' wd§ jQ f¾Ldfjka
uy;a jQ uq,a o wksl;
= a f¾Ldj,ska l=vd uq,a o oih oih kslua f.k o,a ljq¿ idudk j md; neiaidyq h '''˜^ uydjxYh
mß'º¹¸¸¸" 42-45 .d:d &

m%fõYh
YS% ,dxflah mer‚ jxil:d yd iïNdjH idys;H lD;Skaf.ka b;sydi wOHhkh
úIhfhys uQ,dY%huh jYfhka ie,fik fufyh wk,am h' tfy;a tAjdfhka ft;sydisl
lreKq Wlyd .ekSfï § w;sfYdala;Ska yd wNjH isÿùï wka;¾.;ùu" rÑ; jljdkqj yd wÞ<
isÿùu w;r mj;sk ld, wjldYSh ¥ria:nj" iemfhk f;dr;=rej, .=Kd;aulnj yd
m%udKd;aulnj ms<sn| .eg¨ jeks ldrKd iïnkaOfhka jvd;a úu¾YkYS,S úh hq;= h' mQ¾j
yd uq,a ft;sydisl hq.hkag wÞ< j ie,lSfï § tlS wjYH;dj ±ä j wjOdrKh jkafka b;d
mer‚ fuka u ixl%dka;slr ixialD;sl wjê lsysmhla Bg wh;ajk neúks' fuys § úfYaI
wjOdkhg ,la flfrk uydfndaêh uq,a nei.ekSu yd uq,a nei.ekSu o hf:dala; ld,
wjldYhg wh;a tlsfklg wdnoaO ixioaëka oaú;ajhls' m<uq j uydfndaêh zuq,anei.ekSuZ
hkafkka uydfndaê ixialD;sh ia:dms;ùu" ixj¾Okh yd jHdma;sh woyia flrk w;r th
fndfyda m¾fhaIlhkaf.a wjOdkhg ,la jQ úIhfËa;%hls' tlS mßj¾;khka iudc -
ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl w¾:fhka mq¿,a j idlÉPdjg n÷kajQ wjia:d /ila y÷kd.; yels
h' fuys,d fojkq j uyd fndaêh uq,anei.ekSu hkafkka woyia flrkafka fN!;sl jYfhka
YS% uydfndaê frdamKh" tA yd ne¢ isÿùï ud,dj hs' tA iïnkaOfhka im%ud‚l jxil:d.;
f;dr;=re olakg ,enqK o hg;a msßfihska uQ,sl fyda úoHd;aul m%fõYhlska f;dr j tAjdfha
NjH;dj ms<sn| woyilg t<ôu ÿIalr fõ' tneúka fuu wOHhkfha § uydfndaêh uq,a
nei.ekSu ms<sn| jxil:d.; m%jdo uQ,sl úoHd;aul mokula o iys; j ;=,kd;aul j
úYaf,aIKh lsÍug W;aiql jk w;r tu.ska Bg ysñúh hq;= ft;sydisl ixo¾Nuh jeo.;alu
wjOdrKh lr.ekSug wfmaËd flf¾'

uQ,dY%h
hf:dala; isÿùu ms<sn| úia;rd;aul f;dr;=re wka;¾.; idys;H uQ,dY%h f,i
uydjxih" jxiF:mamldiskh
s " iuka;mdidÈldj" uyd fndaêjxih" :Qmjxih yd ðkld,ud,S
hk lD;Ska y÷kd.; yelsh' tA yereKq úg §mjxih" mQcdj,sh" rdcr;akdlrh" rdcdj,sh hk
.%ka:j, o uydfndaê frdamKh jd¾;d lr we;' by; m<uqfjka i|yka l< uQ,dY% w;r tk
uydjxih ls%'j' 5 - 6 ishjiaj, rpkd jQjla f,i ie,flk kuqÿ th Bg mQ¾jfhka mej;s
iSy<ÜGl:d uydjxifha ixialrKhla jYfhka iïmdokh jQjla nj lsh fõ' tys
zuydfndaê.yKZ kï jQ º¹¸¸¸jk yd zfndaê wd.ukhZ kï jQ º¸ºjk mßÉfþohkays m%ia;=;
úia;r wka;¾.; j ;sfí ^uydjxYh mß'º¹¸¸¸&' jxiF:mmldiskShkq uydjxihg ,shjqKq
àldjhs' uyd fndaê wd.ukhg wÞ< uydjxi m%jD;a;sh tys ;jÿrg;a úia;r flf¾
^jxiF:mmldiskS 1994' 298- 309 msgq n,kak&' iuka;mdidÈldj o uydjxih yd iuld,Sk j
u iïmdokh jQ lD;shls' úkh msglhg ,shejqKq wgqjdj jk fuh nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska
rpkd l<nj ms<s.efka' tys" wmf.a m%ia;=;h jk wod< lreKq zndysrksOdkjK_kdZ kï
fldgfiys wka;¾.; j ;sfí ^iuk;mdidÈldj 2003" 74 - 81 msgq n,kak&' uydfndaêjxifha
fuka u :Qmjxih o uOHld,Sk hq.fha rpkd jQ lD;Syq fj;s' tfy;a uydjxih jeks mqrd;k
hq.fha ,shjqKq yd ixialrKh jqKq lD;Ska i|yd mdolfldg .ekqKq uydfndaêjxihla uq,a
ld,Sk j mej; we;' we;eï úg th u wjidk jrg l=reKE., rdcOks iufha ixialrKh
jQjd ùug o bv ;sfí' flfia kuqÿ fndaêjxifha zÿñkaÞ.uk l:dZ yd zuyd fndaê m%;sIaGdmk
l:djZ kï fldgiaj, uydfndaê frdamKhg wÞ< úia;r wka;¾.; fõ ^fndaêjxYh 307 - 345
msgq n,kak&' :Qmjxifha tu isÿùï zfndaê wd.uk l:dZ hk fldgig we;=<;a j ;sfí ^isxy,
:QmjxYh 210-217 msgq n,kak&' ðkld,ud,S 14 - 15 ishjiaj, rpkd jQ nj Wml,amkh
flfrk w;r tys fuu isÿùï zuyfndaê .ukdrïNZ hk WoaOD;h hgf;a úia;r lr we;s
wdldrh y÷kd.; yels h^ ðkld,ud,S 144 - 148 msgq n,kak &'

uydfndaê frdamKh" Wla; uQ,dY%j, úia;r ù we;s wdlrh fndfyda fihska tlsfklg
iudk;ajhla olajhs' tfy;a we;eï ;ekl iq¿ iq¿ fjkialï o ke;af;a u fkdfõ' tlS
úia;rj, mj;sk lemSfmfkk iduHh flfrys furg mej;s ft;sydisl idys;H iïm%odh
bjy,ajkakg we;s w;r mQ¾j;uhka úiska i|yka l< f;dr;=re o wdY%h fldgf.k
ixialrK fyda kj iïmdokhka isÿ lsÍug miQ ld,Sk msßia lghq;= lr we;s nj fmfka'
tfuka u hg;a msßfika fujeks wdh;ksluh jeo.;alï iys; iqúfYaIS isÿùï ms<sn|
mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg iïfma%IKh jQ ck ú{dk.; u;lhka o fuu lD;Skag wka;¾.;
jQ nj is;u
S g bv ;sfí' tneúka m%i;
a ;
= isÿùu yd th úia;rflfrk uQ,dY% rpkd jqKq
wjêh w;r ld, wjldYh tla tla uQ,dY%h iïnkaOfhka úúO;ajhla fmkakqï l< o"
idfmaË jYfhka hï uQ,dY%hla kQ;k jQ mu‚ka tys wka;¾.; f;dr;=rej, úYajdikSh;ajh
ms<n
s | mQ¾j ks.ukhkag t<öu fhda.H fkdjk nj meyeÈ,s h'

fndaê wd.ukh yd ne¢ rdcH;dka;s%l lghq;a;

idys;H uQ,dY%hd.; f;dr;=re wkqj l%sia;= mQ¾j ;=kajk ishji muK jk úg

Ndr;h yd furg w;r mej;s rdcH;dka;s%l iïnkaO;d úêu;a" ixúê; iajrEmhlsk a
l%shd;aul jQ nj fmkShk lreKls' úfYaIfhka u fu!¾h rdcH wNsfIal l%uh y÷kajd§u"
uyskaÞ.ukh" Od;+kajykafia,d ,nd.ekSu" fuka u YS% uyd fndaëka jykafia furgg jevu
lrùu hk ish¨ isÿùï forfÜ u ksfhdað;hka tla j l,a;nd ie,iqï lrk ,o l%shdj,shl
m%;sM, nj y÷kd.; yels fõ' Wla; ish¨ uQ,dY%hka úia;r lrk mßÈ uydfndaê wd.ukh
iïkaOfhka lghq;= ixúOdkh jkafka ñy`sÿ ysñhka furgg jevu lr udi lsysmhla
blauhdu;a iu.sks' ;j o" wkq,d ìij we;=¿ ldka;djka msßila meúoao wfmaËdfjka b,a,Sï
lsÍu ksid ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h furgg jevu lrjd .ekSfï ld¾hh o fï yd iu.dó j
ixúOdkh jQ nj fmfka' uyskaÞ.ukh iïnkaOfhka o ls%hd l< rdcH;dka;s%lhdg u fulS
ld¾hhkays j.lSï mejÍfuka o m%;HË jkafka furg tA flfrys ±lajQ mq¿,a wfmaËd iy.;
njhs'

jxil:d.; f;dr;=re wkqj uydfndaêh furgg jevu lrùu iïnkaOfhka jQ woyi

ñys÷ ysñhka fj;ska bÈßm;a jQjls' ñys÷ ysñhka úiska fmr oji ;ukag fokq ,enQ Wmfoia
wkqj foajdkï msh;siai rcq wßÜG l=ureg fulS j.lSu mejÍug lghq;= lr we;s w;r Bg
u;af;ka o Wkajykafia iu. úfYaI idlÉPdjl ksr; úh ^ uydjxYh 1959" º¹¸¸¸" 2 .d:dj¦
jxiF:mmldiskS 299 ¦ uyd fndaêjxYh 309 ¦ iuk;mdidÈld úkhgG l:d 75 &' uydfndaêh
furgg jevu lsÍu ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a O¾um%pdr jevms<sjf<a m%Odk wx.hla jQ nj fmkS
hkafka jxil:djka jd¾;d lrk mßÈ Wkajykafia furgg jevu lr .; jQ uq,a Èk lsysmh
;=< m%ldY l< wkd.; jdlHka w;r ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h úiska YS% uyd fndaêh furgg jevu
lrùu isÿjk nj wka;¾.; jk neúks ^ uydjxYh 1959" mß' º¹¸¸¸" 34 .d:dj &' ;j o" idys;H
uQ,dY%h wkqj fmr nqÿjrekaf.a fndaëka o úúO f;r‚ka jykafia,d úiska furgg jevu
lrjd ;sfí ^ uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 32- 40 .d:d¦ iuk;mdidÈld úkhgG l:d 77&'

jeo.;a ld¾hhka oaú;ajhla bgqlr.ekSfï wfmaËdfjka Ndr;h n,d.sh wßÜG l=ure

we;=¿ msßi w; ;u mshrcq fj; yiqka heùug o ñys`ÿ ysñhka lghq;= l< nj uydjxifha
i|yka jk w;r ^uydjxYh mß' º¹" 34 .d:dj& fndaêjxifha lshefjkafka Wkajykafia
fuka u foajdkïmsh;siai rcq o wfYdal rcq fj; yiqka hejQ njhs ^ fndaêjxYh 309&' furg
¥; msßi m<uq j wfYal rcq o fojkq j ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h o yuqùug lghq;= lr we;s w;r
jxil:djkag wkqj Ndr;fhka Bg ,enqKq m%;spdrh iqnjd§ fuka u Woafhda.su;a tlla jQ nj
meyeÈ,s h ^ uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 14 -18 .d:d n,kak&' ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h furgg jevu lrùu
iïnkaOfhka jk b,a,Sug wef.a u wNsu;h wkqj ;SrKhla .ekSug wfYdal rcq úiska
wjldY ie,iQ nj y÷kd .ekSug mq¿jk' úfYaIfhka m%ia;=; m%;spdrh úIhfhys iuld,Sk
foaYmd,ksl miqìu yereKq úg ñys÷ ysñhka wfYdal rcqg oelajQ ióm {d;S;ajh fuka u
Wkajykafia" Ndr;h ksfhdackh l< rdcH ;dka;%slhl= f,i l< b,a,Su bjy,a jkakg we;'

fndaêYdLdj fjka lr .ekSu ms<sn| úia;rh

jxil:d.; f;dr;=re ishqï j ksÍËKh lsÍfï § YS% uydfndaêfha olaIsK YdLdj
,nd.ekSu iïnkaOfhka isÿl< b,a,Su myiqfjka bgql< yels ld¾hhla fkdjQ nj rcq
iïnkaOfhka l%shdl< wdldrfhka fmkakqï flf¾' uydjxifha lshfjk mßÈ zYia;% m%ydrhg
kqiqÿiq uy fndaê jDlaIfhka YdLdj flfiakï .kS oEZ hkafkka .eg¨jlg m;ajQ njhs ^
uydjxYh 2006" mß' º¹¸¸¸" 19-20 .d:d&' fndaêjxifha o Bg iudk fhÿula olakg ,efí ^
fndaêjxYh 310&' zYia;% m%ydrhg kqiqÿiqZ hkak jxiF:mamldisksfha w¾: ±lafjkafka
zief;lska fkdis¢h hq;=Z jYfhks ^ jxiF:mmldiskS 302 &' zYia;%Z hk ixialD; moh wdhqO
hk wre;a .kS ^ See, A Sanskit English Dictionary 1986, p 1060&' tneúka tys f;areu kï
wdhqOhla Ndú;fhka lmd fjka fkdl< hq;=h hkakhs' neÆ ne,aug fuu m%ldYfhka
uydfndaêfha f.!rjd¾:h ms<sn| .eg¨jla fmkakqï l< o" w;sixfõ§ mQcH jia;=jla
iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍfï § foaYmd,ksl N+ñldjla ksfhdackh l< rcqg uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ
wNsfhda.h o thska m%lgjk nj is;Sug bv ;sfí' th ikd: lrjk lreKla f,i" m%ia;=;
ld¾hh isÿ lsÍug u;af;ka uydfoaj wud;Hjrhdf.a Wmfoia wkqj fud.a.,Smq;a; ysñ yuqù
tys fhda.H wfhda.H nj úuiSu ±laúug mq¿jk^ uydjxYh mß'º¹¸¸¸" 20-22 .d:d'&'

iudc - foaYmd,ksl jYfhka muKla fkdj" ;dËKsl jYfhka o fun÷ mQc kSh
fndaê jDËhlska YdLdjla f.k frdamKh lr.ekSu iuld,Sk jYfhka wNsfhda.hla jQ nj
is;Sug bv ;sfí' tn÷ wjodkula .ekSu YdLdj fuka u we;eïúg uõ YdLh o wk;=f¾
fy<Suls' flfia kuqÿ jxil:d.; f;dr;=re wkqj YS% uyd fndaêfha oËsK YdLdj f;dfuda u
is£ fjkaùu nqÿka jykafiaf.a m%d¾:kd mfyka o tlla jQ neúka^ iuk;mdidÈldj 77& tn÷
u wdYAp¾hj;a iajrEmhlg lf|ka fjka ùu isÿj ;sfí ^ uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 40-41 .d:d&'
tfy;a tlS ld¾hh isÿùug fmr yd miq tA yd ne¢ meyeÈ,s ;dË‚l l%shdj,shla mej;s nj
idys;H uQ,dY%h mßYS,kfha § y÷kd.; yels fõ'

úfYaIfhka u oËsKYdLdj frdamKh lsÍug hg;a msßfika hï ksYaÑ;

úYd,;ajhlska hq;a lgdrula lrùfuka fmkShkaf ka uõ Ydlfhka fjka lr .kq ,nk YdLdj
ms<sn| mQ¾j wjfndaOhla mej;s njls' uydjxihg wkqj tlS Ndckh kj ßhka újrhlska o
^wä 13 1$2& mia ßhka Wiska o ^wä 7 1$2& ;=ka ßhka úIalïNhlska o ^wä 4 1$2& wg wÕ,l
>klñka o hqla;j ;sfí ^ tu" 26-28 .d:d &' we;eïúg fulS w.hka w;sYfhdala;s.; úhyels
kuqÿ me,hla fkdj" YdLdjla frdamKh lsÍfï § óg iudk ie,lsh hq;= úYd,;ajhlska hql a;
Ndckhl wjYH;dj u;= jQjd úh yels h' ;j o" YdLdj ,nd .ekSu i|yd YS% uydfndaêh
wi,g <Õdùfï § tys ßhka y;rlg jvd Wiska jQ ish¨ YdLd fkdfmkS .sh nj lsh fõ ^
tu" 34-35 .d:d&' fndfydaúg tu.ska fjka lr .ekSug wfmaËs; fndaê YdLdj mej;s Wi
m%udKh ms<sn| woyia m%lg flfrk nj fmfka' tA olajd Wiska l< rka msÀldjla u; ke.S
rcq úiska YdLd lf|a r;aisßfh,ska f¾Ldjla igyka fldg wêIaGdk l< iekska by; ±lajQ
wdYap¾hhj;a isÿùu isÿj ;sfí ^ tu 41-43 .d:d &'

jxil:d.; úia;r wkqj YdLdj lf|ka fjkaù lgdru uia;lfha msysáh o th

frdamKh fkdùu lemS fmfka' bka wk;=re j isÿj we;af;a YdLdj is÷Kq ia:dkfha isg wÕ,a
;=fkka ;=kg kj ia:dkhl rcq úiska r;a isßfh,ska f¾Ld i,l=Kq lsÍuhs ^ uydjxYh 42-43
.d:d&' fmr f¾Ld l< ia:dkfhka uy;a uq,a o miq f¾Ld l< ia:dkj,ska uq,a oyh ne.ska o
meñŒu isÿj we;af;a wdYap¾hd;aul iajrEmhlsks ^ tu 44-45 .d:d& ' tlS uq,a moaO;sh oe,la
wdldrfhka my; weÿKq nj uydjxifha úia;r fõ' uq,a we§fuka miq j lgdrfï yd tys nyd
;snQ iqj| ufvys .s,Shdu isÿj ;sfí' bka wk;=re j lgdru iys; fndaê YdLdj i;a Èkla
muK ysu.¾Nhl msysánj olajd we; ^tu 54-55 .d:d&' ðkld,ud,sfha o tA yd iudk
úia;rhla wka;¾.; kuqÿ Bg wkqj i;a Èklska ysuj,d bj;a j .sh miq iïmQ¾K jQ l|" w;="
fld< yd f.ä iys; j oDYHudk j we; ^ ðkld,ud,S 146 &'
uq,a woaojd .ekSu yd tA yd ne¢ ;dË‚l l%h
s dj,sh
uydjxifha fuf,i fjka lr.kq ,enQ fndaê YdLdfõ iajrEmh yd úYd,;ajh
ieflúka olajd ;sfí' tlS úia;rhg wkqj ßhka oyhlska ^wä 15& muK Wia jQ m%Odk YdLd
myla iy tAjdfhka kslauqKq l=vd w;= oyila mej;S ;sfí' YdLdjla ßhka 4l ^wä 6& muK
Wiska hqla; j msysáfha h ^uydjxYh mß'º¹¸¸¸ 48-49 .d:d&' we;eïúg fuu w.hka o
w;sYfhdala;s.; úh yels kuqÿ by; ±lajQ lgdrfï úYd,;ajh yd idfmaË jYfhka ieif|k
nj fuys,d fmkajdÈh hq;= h' fndaê YdLdj yd lgdrfï úYd,;ajh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq
lsÍfï § fmkShk m%Odk lreKla kï" uydfndaê wd.ukfha § yels;dla úYd, YdLdjla
furgg f.k tAug W;aiql jQ njhs' fndaêi;a;aj hka iïnqoaO;ajhg m;ajk wjia:dfõ tys jQ
YdLdjla fyda tn÷ úYajdihla iys; YdLdjlaA u ,nd .ekSfï wfmaËdjla we;eï úg tA
flfrys bjy,a jkakg we;' hg;a msßfihska Y%S uydfndaêfha oËsK YdLdj u fjka lr .ekSu
flfrys fya;= jQ lreKq jxil:dj, úia;r ù fkdue;' zol=Kq miZ fmrÈ. ñksiqkaf.a úfYaI
w.h lsÍug ,lajk neúka jxil:dlrejka m%ia;=; m%jdoh ks¾udKh l<d úh yels h' tfy;a
WoaNso úoHd;aul jYfhka .;a l< tl u Ydlhl jqj o YdLd lsysmhla jqj o frdamKh lsÍu"
T!IO i|yd Ndú; lsÍu" ±j jYfhka Ndú; lsÍu fyda tn÷ fjk hï Wmfhda.S;djka i|yd
olajk fhda.H;dj wiudk úh yels h' kùk nj fyda mer‚ nj hk idOlh yereKq úg
iQ¾hdf,dalh ,eîfï m%udKh" ÈYdkq.; msyà
s u" YdLd yd mYdLd .Kk" m;% ixLHdj"
Wkak;dxYh" uQ, moaO;shg we;s ÿr m%udKh fuka u ;j;a mdßißl ;;a;ajhka tA flfrys
bjy,aúh yels h' tneúka m%ia;=; isÿùug wÞ< j ie,lSfï § frdamKhg iqÿiq YdLdjla
f;dard.kq ,nkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels w;r th ol=Kq foiska msyg
s d ;sfnkakg o
bv we;'

z*sishia fr,sðfhdidZ ^Ficus religiosa&hk WoaNso úoHd;aul kdufhka y÷kajk

zwei;=Z fudarei ^Moraceae& l=,hg wh;a Ydlhls ^ uydjxYh º¹¸¸¸" 48-49 .d:d&' tfy;a
who;kh jkúg jeä jYfhka y÷kajkq ,nkafka zfndaZ hk m¾hdh kdufhks' bkaÈhdj
kscìu lr.;a nyq jd¾Isl Ydlhla jk fuh wä 100la olajd idudkH Wkak;dxYhla
fmkakqï lrhs ^ tp:/en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus-riligiosa &' fudarei l=,fha fiiq Ydl fuka
fnda jDlaIh o f.ä u.ska mrïmrdj mj;ajdf.k hk Ydlhla jk kuqÿ uq,a yd w;= u.ska o
frdamKh lsÍfï yelshdj mj;Shs ^ ibid &' flfia kuqÿ jxil:djj, ±lafjk wkaofï ie,lsh
hq;= úYd,;ajhlska hqla; YdLdjla frdamKh lr .ekSug we;s YlH;dj ms<sn| úu¾Ykfha §"
uydjxifha lshfjk ;rfï úYd,;ajhlska hq;a fndaê YdLdjla jQj o uq,a woaojd .ekSfï
yelshdj mj;sk nj tA ms<sn| úoHd;aul ±kqu fukau m%fhda.sl w;a±lSï iys;
m¾fhaIlhkaf.a u;h ù we; ^ úfÊiqkaor 2014' 6' 16&'

uõ Ydlfhka fndaêYdLdj fjkaù u wdYap¾hj;a isÿùula f,i jd¾;d lr we;s neúka"

w;a; l|g wdnoaOj ;sîh § fyda lf|ka fjka jqKq miq uq,a woaojd .ekSu isÿlf<a o hkak
y÷kd.ekSu ÿIalr fõ' flfia kuqÿ fndaê frdamKhg u;af;ka YdLdj uq,a woaojd .ekSu isÿ
lrkakg we;snj fmkShkafka r;aisßhf,ka l< m<uq f¾Ldj wi,ska uy;a jQ uq,a o fojkq j
f¾Ld ±uQ ia:dk kjfhka l=vd uq,a o mek ke.snj lshfjk fyhsks' zr;aisßfh,aZ hkq
fmdf<dfjka ,nd.kakd Lksc úfYaIhls' jHjydrfha § .=re.,a f,i y÷kajk fïjd
jxYl:dj, we;eï ia:dkhkays is;=jïlrKh i|yd Ndú; udOHla f,i olajd ;sfí ^
uydjxYh mß' ºº¹¸¸" 19 .d:dj¦ ºº¸º" 11-12 .d:d&' woH;kh jk úg o fïjd j¾K ksIamdok
lghq;= i|yd Ndú; flf¾' r;aisßh,a wdhq¾fõofha § ufkdaiS, f,i y÷kajk w;r ^ uyd
isxy, Yío fldaIh 2005' 1315& ms<sldkdYl T!IO ksIamdokh i|yd Ndú; flf¾' we;eïúg
Ydlj, uq,a woaojd.ekSu jeks ld¾hhla iïnkaOfhka olajk úfYaI .=Khla fulS Ndú;h
i|yd fya;=jkakg we;' ke;fyd;a jxil:d rpkdjQ fyda ixialrKhjQ hq.h jk úg hg;a
msßfihska hï hï oE i,l=Kq lsÍfï ld¾hh i|yd .=re.,a Ndú; jQ neúka hf:dala; fndaê
YdLdj u; i,l=Kq fh§ug o tlS udOHh Ndú; l<nj olajkakg we;'

r;aisßh,ska f¾Ld ±óu hkafkka fndfydaúg fndaê YdLdj fjka lr .ekSug yd uq, a
woaojd.ekSug lemqï ,l=Kq fh§u ixfla;j;a flfrk nj Wml,amkh l< yels h' ukao
h;a" jxil:djkag wkqj u fndaê YdLdfõ uq,a we§u isÿjkafka tlS r;aisßh,ska l< f¾Ldjka
u;sks ^ uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 44-46 .d:d n,kak &' Ydlhl ia:djr;ajh flfrys hym;a uq, a
moaO;shla mej;sh hq;= nj wm ljqre;a okakd lreKls' tneúka wÕ,a ;=fkka ;=kg lemqï
,l=Kq fh§fuka m%Odk lemqfuka yereKqfldg ;j;a ia:dkj,ska uq,a woaojd.ekSu wruqKq
lrkakg we;s nj is;sh yels w;r ta Tiafia YdLdj ia:djr lr.ekSu wruqKq lrkakg we;'
±,l wdldrfhka uq,a my; neiSu hkafkka ±lafjkafka YdLd lf|a tla tla ia:dkj,ska
ie,lsh hq;= uq,awe§ula fmkakqï l< nj úh hq;= h'

jxil:d.; f;dr;=re wkqj YdLdj uq,a woaojd.ekSu i|yd ys;lr frdamK udOHhka
o Ndú; lr we;s nj is;Sug bv ;sfí' tA nj fmkShkafka fndaê frdamKh isÿ l< lgdru
ziqj| l,,aj,skaZ mqrjd ;snQ nj olafjk fyhsks ^ tu mß' º¹¸¸¸" 47 .d:dj n,kak &' zl,,a Z
hk md,s mofh isxy, w¾:h zuvZ hkqfjks ^ Karunatilake 2012, 63 &' fndafydaúg fndaê
YdLdj iqÕkaOj;a ufvys frdamKh lsÍu hkafkka Bg f.!rjd¾:hla tla lsÍu wfmaËd
lrkakg we;;a we;ïúg thska úúO øjH tla lr úfYaIs; frdamK uOHhla njg m;a lr
mej;s nj m%ldY ùug bv ;sfí' jHjydrfha § zmiaZ yd zuvZ hkq tlsfklg fjkia øjH
oaú;ajhls' tlS fjki flfrys m%Odk fya;=j ù we;af;a mia yd idfmaËj uvj, c,h jeä
m%udKhla wka;¾.; jk neúks' fndfydaúg uv hkafkka jxYl:dlre woyia lrkakg
we;af;a fndaê frdamKh l< lgdrfï c, idkaøKh jeä mia nyd ;snQ njls' hï YdLdjla uq,a
woaojd.ekSu i|yd Bg fhdok frdamK udOHfha wjYH ;rï c,h mej;Su muKla m%udKj;a
fkdfõ' j¾;udkfha § jqj o YdLdjla uq,a woaojd .ekSug muKla fkdj" me,hla jqj
frdamKfha § tA i|yd ldnksl øjH jeä mila Ndú; lrhs' N+ úoHd;aul ia;rdhkh wkqj
.;a l< fmdf<dj u;=msg jk mia ;Ügqj ldnksl øjH tlaùu ksid Ydl frdamKh ùug
wjYH fmdaIK .=Kfhka hqla; fjhs' th y÷kajkq ,nkafka yshquia mi hkqfjks' tfyhska
fï wjia:dfõ§ o hg;a msßfihska c,h o iïñY%s; yshquia mi fyda fndaê YdLdj uq,a woaojd
.ekSu i|yd Ndú; lrkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels fõ'
 fndaê YdLdj lgdrfï ia:dms; ùfuka miq isÿùï ms<sn| jxil:dj, wka;¾.; úia;rh
w;sYfhdala;s.; j¾Kkdjla f,i fmkqK o Bg hï WoaNso úoHd;aul ldrKhla mokï j
we;s nj fmfka' tkï uydjxihg wkqj zysu.¾Nfhlays msyá
s Z^ uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 55 .d:dj
n,kak& yd ðkld,ud,sh fuka u uydfndaê jxihg wkqj zysuj,dj,ska jeiS mej;SuZ^
ðkld,ud,S 146 msg n,kak & hkafkka fndaêh lgdrfï frdamKh lsÍfuka miq úfYaI
mßir ;;a;ajhla hg;g m;alsÍu hk lreK m%lg fjk neúks' WKqj;=rnqnqf,a uyskao
ysñhka fï ms<sn|j olajk woyi kï" fkdfnda Èklska fndaê YdLdj ,xldjg jevu lrùug
kshñ; neúka th ;jÿrg;a ia:djr lsÍfï wruq‚ka wdrËd iys; j mj;ajd .ekSu fuhska
lshfjk njhs ^uyskao ysñ 2002" 227&' tys o i;H;djla mej;sh yels kuqÿ Wkajykafia fuyss
lshfjk úfYaI mßir ;;a;ajh ms<sn| wjOdkhla olajd we;ss njla fkdfmfka' ysu.¾Nhl"
ysuj,dj,ska jeiS mej;Su hkafkka fndfydaúg WIaK;ajh" wd¾ø;dj" iq<Õ jeks úúO
mdßißl ;;a;ajhka md,kh l< yels lD;su j ks¾udKh l< mßirhla ixfla;j;a úh yels
nj wmf.a woyi fõ'

uydjxihg wkqj fndaê YdLdj ysuj,d .enl ieÕ j .sh miq Bg ;=Idr c,fhka
hqla; jQ fï>fhda o tl;= jQ rYaóyq o kej; ,efnkafka i;a Èkla kslauhdfuka wk;=rj h ^
uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 56 - 57 .d:d n,kak&' tlS lreK jxiF:mmldiskSfha jqj o iúia;r j
fkdue;s kuqÿ iajdNdúl mßir idOlhkaf.ka úhqla; lr ;eîula woyia flfrk nj
fmkakqï flf¾' we;eïúg uydjxifha lshfjk ysu .¾Nh kQ;kfha y÷kajk yß;d.dr
mßir ;;a;ajhlg iudk ùug bv ;sfí' fndaê YdLdjla uq,a woaojd .ekSu i|yd md,kh
lrk ,o mßir idOl iys; ia:dkhla jvd;a fhda.H jQ nj ksiel h' ;j o" tf,i úfYaI
mdßißl ;;a;ajhla hgf;a mj;ajd.;a ld, wjldYh m%ia;=; uQ,dY%hj, i;shla f,i olajd
we;' tfyhska fï yereKqflg wdYap¾hj;a isÿùï ud,djla ksid fndfyda msßilf.a wLKav
jkaokdudkhg ,lafjñka ;snQ fndaê YdLdj" jxil:dj, lshfjk mßÈ ;j;a tn÷ u
wdYap¾hhlska ñksiqkaf.ka úhqla; j mej;Sug fya;= y÷kd.ekSu ÿIalr h' ðkld,ud,Shg
wkqj i;a Èklska ysu j,d bj;a j .sh úg fndaê YdLdj l|" w;=" fld< yd f.ä iys; j
oDYHudk jQ nj lshùfuka" hg;a msßfihska fuu ld, wjldYh ;=< uq,a moaO;sh ia:dms; ùu
fyda woyia flfrk nj Wml,amkh l< yels h'

tfy;a uQ,dY%hj, ±lafjk wkaofï úYd,;ajhlska hq;a fndaê YdLdjla id¾:l f,i
ia:dms; lr.ekSu i|yd i;shl muK ld,hla m%udKj;a fõo hkak .eg¨ls' kQ;k ;dËKh
Ndú;fhka jqj hf:dala; ld¾hh isÿ lsÍu i|yd wju jYfha udi 2la fyda 2 1$2l ld,hla
.; fõ ^úfÊiqkaor 2014'6'16&' flfia kuqÿ uyd fndaê w.ukh yd ix>ñ;a;d wd.ukfhka
furáka .sh ¥; msßi bkaÈhdfõ .; l< ld,h udi 2 1$2lg wdikak nj fmfka'
uydjxihg wkqj wßÜG we;=¿ ¥; msßi jma ui mqr mËfha fojk Èk furáka bkaÈhdj n,d
.uka wdrïN lr we;s w;r tÈk u Tjqym
q e<¨ma kqjr fj; <Õd jQy ^ uydjxYh mß' º¹¸¸¸" 7
.d:dj&' tla Èklska W;=re bkaÈhdjg <Õdùu flfia jk kuqÿ tlS Èkh fjk úg fyda
uydfndaêh jevu lrùug wjYH lghq;= wdrïN jkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels h'
Ôkld,ud,Sfha wka;¾.; lreKla wkqj fndaê YdLdj uekúka ia:dms; jk ;=re furgg
f.k tAug lghq;= ixúOdkh fkdjQ njla fmkakqï flfrkafka fndaêh lgdrfï frdamKh
lsÍfuka Èk 31 la mqrdjg Ndr;fhys u fkdfhla jkaokdudk isÿl< nj lshfjk fyhsks'
tlS ld, mßÉfþoh wjidkfha fndaê YdLdfõ kj o¨ ±óu isÿj ;sfí ^ ðkld,ud,S 146 msg&'
ienúka u kj o¨ ±óu hkq tys uQ, moaO;sh uekúka ia:dms; jQ nj ;yjqre flfrk
ix{djls' flfia kuqÿ uydjxihg wkqj fkdfhla mqomQcd yd §¾> W;aij ud,djlg miq
W÷jma ui mqr mËfhys mE<úh Èk uydfndaêh yd ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚ka jykafia fmrgq
lr.;a ¥; msßi furg n,dmeñŒug Ndr;fhka keõ ke. ;sfí'

uydfndaê frdamKh
i;a Èklska muK Tjqka furgg <ÕdjqKq w;r tAjk úg o furg YS% uydfndê
frdamKh i|yd wjYH lghq;= ixúOdkh ù mej;s njg uQ,dY%h idËs orhs' fmr nqÿjrekaf.a
o fndaëka jykafia,d frdamKh lrk ,o ia:dkh jYfhka y÷kd.;a ia:dkhla u f.!;u
uqks÷kaf.a ch fndaêh frdamKhg o f;dard.ekSfuka fmkS hkafka Bg fmr isg u tu
ia:dkfhys úfYaI iQÞkula mej;s njls' j¾;udk jk úg YS% uyd fndaêh msysá u¿fõ Wi
iïnkaOfhka ie,lSfï § msysá fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg wdikak jYfhka wä 21la muK
Wkak;dxYhlska msysgd we;snj y÷kd.; yels w;r^ Seneviratna 1994, 88& th miqld,Sk
jYfhka isÿjqKq mia msrùï fya;=fjka u ks¾udKh jqKq ks¾ñ; mßir ;;ajhla nj is;Su
ÿIalr fõ' tneúka YS% uydfndaêh uq,a jrg frdamKh lrk úg u ta i|yd fmdf<dj uÜgfuka
by< ;,hla ks¾udKh lr ;snQ nj fmfka' bl=;a ishjfia fuu ia:dkh wdY%s; j isÿjqKq
mqrdúoHd;aul m¾fhaIKhkaf.ka fndaêh Wfoid f.dvk.d ;snQ fndaê m%dldrhl fldgila yd
i,m;< u¿jlg wh;a Ys,d mqjre y÷kd.ekSug yelsj ;sfí' tlS fndaê m%dldr fldgi ls%' mQ'
3jk ishjfia isg ls%'j' uq,aishjia lsysmh mqrd ckm%sh j mej;s fn!oaO .,a .rdÈ jefÜ
wdlD;sh wdY%fhka ks¾udKh jQjls' uydjxihg wkqj ;siai rcq uq,a jrg uydfndaêhg
fndaê>rhla lrjd we;s w;r Od;=fiak" fï>jkak" uydkd." fojk w.%fndaê" omamq, hk
rcjreka úiska Bg kj wx. tl;= lsÍu yd m%;sixialrK lghq;= lr ;sfí ^ See, ibid 86&'
Wla; fndaê m%ldr fldgig jqj o wä 10la muK Wislska YS% uyd fndaêh msysgd we;s neúka
Èjhsfka fiiq fndaê>rhka yd ifmaËj ie,lSfï § fuys ks¾ñ; mßirh úfYaI wdrlg
iliaù ;snQ nj fmfka' flfia kuqÿ fndaêh msysá iSñ; wjldYh miq ld,Sk j jßka jr
isÿjqKq mia msrùu ksid hg;a msßfihska wä lsysmhla fyda Wia jQ nj Wml,amkh l< yels h'

uQ,dY%h wkqj furg fndaê frdamKh isÿfjk wjia:dfõ § o wYap¾ju;a isÿùï fm<la
isÿ j ;sfí' uydjxifha lshfjk mßÈ" uq,a lgdrï uqj úfgka Wv ke.S tA rka n÷k fj<d
.ksñka fmdf<da ;,hg nei .ekSu bka m%Odk tlls' w;sYfhdala;s.; j¾Kkh neyer lr.;a
úg fndaê YdLdj lgdru o iys; j frdamKh lsÍula bka m%lg flfrk nj fmfka' ;j o"
f;dfuda u fmdf<dfõ nei .ekSu flfia fj;;a jxil:d jd¾;d lrk mßÈ fndaê frdamKh
isÿjqKq nj lshfjk zjreK kel;Z iqn lghq;= wdrïN lsÍug fhda.H jQ kel;la nj
fcHda;sIfha ±lafõ' lgdru iys; j fndaê frdamKh isÿù kï" tu.ska wfmaËd l< lreK
meyeÈ,s ke;;a uq,a weo ;snQ fndaê YdLdj bka bj;g .ekSug mej;s m%dfhda.sl ÿIalr;dj tA
flfrys fya;=jkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels h' uQ,dY%hj, lgdru rkska lrjQ njg
jk úia;rh fndfyda ÿrg wNjH isoaêhla f,i ie,lsh yels kuqÿ hg;a msßfihska l=uk
udOHhlska l< n÷klska jqj o tu.ska fndaê YdLdfõ uQ, moaO;sh j¾Okhg ie,lsj hq;=
m%;sfrdaohla t,a,ùu wfmaËd l< yels ;;a;ajhls'

YS% uyd fndaêh ms<sn| woH;k ksÍËKhkag wkqj jqj o tys l|" w;=" fld< wdÈh
fiiq fndaê jDËhka iu. ixikaokh lsÍfï § l=vd jQ iajrEmhla fmkakqï lrhs' isß,a
úfÊiqkaor uy;d fmkajdfok lreKq ksjerÈ kï" uyd fndaêfha uQ, moaO;sh wdY%h
fldgf.k ks¾udKh ù we;s nj Wml,am;
s Wv u¿fõ tA wi,ska u jk fndaê jDlaIhka jqj o
Wla; ,laIKh olakg fkd,efí ^úfÊiqkaor 2014'6'16&' tneúka by; ±lajQ mßÈ hg;a
msßfihska ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla fyda we;eïúg kQ;kh olajd u jqj o fndaêfha uQ, moaO;sh
j¾Okhg mej;s fyda mj;sk ndOdjla tys j¾Okh wvd, ùug bjy,a jQ nj is;u
S g bv ;sfí'
tfy;a 80 oYlfha § isÿ jQ fndaê ixrËK lghq;a;l § wä lsysmhla olajd fndaêh iómfha
jQ mia bj;a lsÍug isÿj we;s w;r tys § tn÷ lgdrula fyda tjekaklg whs;s hula yuq jQ
nj jd¾;d fkdfõ' thska fuys,d tjekakla fkd;sfnk njla woyia fkdflfrk w;r
;jÿrg;a fmdf<dj wNHka;rhg .uka lsÍfï § tjekakla yuqùug jqj bv ;sfí' ;j o" wm
úiska fuys,d isysle|úh hq;= lreKla kï uydfndaêh ie,lsh hq;= wdhdihla ord fndaê
YdLdjlska frdamKh lr.;a jDlaIhla jk njhs' tjekaklska" îchla u.ska frdamKh ú
l%ñl j j¾Okh jqKq jDlaIhl j¾Okhg iudk j¾Okhla wfmaËd l< fkdyels h'

fndaê YLdj lgdr iys; j fyda rys; j frdamKh lsÍu flfiafj;;a Ndr;fha §
fndaê YdLdj lgdrfï msysá miq i;a Èkla ysuj,d .enl ieÕj mej;shdla fuka uyfujqkd
Whfka frdamKh lsÍfuka miq j o ta yd iudk u wdYap¾hj;a isÿùula isÿ j ;sfí' tkï
i;shl muK ld,hla ñksiqkag fkdfmkS ysuj,d .enl ie`. j f.dia h<s m%dÿ¾N+; ùuhs ^
uydjxYh mß' º¸º" 55 .d:dj&' fuu úia;rh fiiq uQ,dY%hj, olakg fkd,efí' fndaê YdLdj
frdamKh lsÍfuka miq furg mßirhg wkqj¾;kh ùu yd ia:djrùu úIhfhys fmr mßÈ u
ñksiqkaf.ka úhqla; lr úfYaI mßir ;;a;ajhla hgf;a mj;ajd .ekSula thska wfmaËd
flfrkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels h' i;shl ld,hla blau .sh miq fndaêh ukd
fi!LH iïmkak j jevyqka nj ±laùfuka th furg foaY.=Khg ie,lsh hq;= wkaoñka
wkq.; jQ njla woyia lrk nj fmfka' fndfydaúg uydfndaêh yd ne¢ fndaêrdc ;k;=r i;=
jQ j.lSï iïnkaOfhka l,amkd lsÍfï § Ydlh ms<sn| úfYaI WoaNso úoHd;aul ±kqula o tlS
;k;=r ±rE mqoa.,hd i;=jkakg we;s nj wkqudk l< yels h' tfia ù kï Tyq úiska fndaê
frdamKh yd bkamiq isÿ jQ hf:dala; isÿùï Þuh ixúOdkh lrkakg we;s nj is;sh yels h'

wIagM,rey yd fo;sim
a ,rey fndaêka ksIm
a dokh
uydfndaêfha kef.kysr foiska jegqKq ú,sl=ï fnda M,hla ñys`ÿ ysñhka úiska .kakd
,`ÿj foajkdïmsh;siai rcqg § fyf;u th frdamKh lsÍfuka mekke.s fndaê wxl=r wg
wIagM,rey fndaëka jYfhka y÷kajkq ,efí' fuys lshfjk mßÈ w¨; frdamKh lrk ,o
jDlaIhlska jQ o M,hla ,eîu NjH;dfjka hq;a lreKla jkafka Y%S uydfndaêh ie,lsh hq;=
úYd,;ajfhka hq;a fndaê YdLdjla jQ neúks' ;j o ðkld,ud,Shg wkqj fndaê YdLdj lgdrfï
frdamKh lrk wjia:dfõ § mjd tys fnda M, mej; ;sfí ^ðkld,ud,S 146 msg&' fï
iïnkaaO j uydjxifha tk úia;rh jxiF:mldisksfha jvd;a iúia;r j olajd we;s w;r Bg
wkqj ñys÷ ysñhka úiska .kq ,enQ M,h m,sfndaO rys; ukd j meiqKq tlls ^ jxiF:mmldiskS
317 msg n,kak&' tA wkqj frdamKh i|yd WÑ; M,h úfYaIS ldrKhlska hq;=j y÷kdf.k
we;s nj fmfka' uydjxihg wkqj ñys÷ ysñhka úiska ,ndÿka fnda M,h rcq úiska iqj| miska
msß lgdrul frdamKh lr we;s w;r tflfkys u thska fndaê wxl=r 8la ygf.k tAjd ßhka
4la olajd by< ke. ;sfí ^ uydjxYh mß' º¸º" 58 .d:dj&' tflfKys u fndaê wxl=r mek
ke.=Kq nj lshfjk wdYap¾hj;a isÿùu flfiajk kuqÿ fndaê YdLdj frdamKh lr .ekSug
Ndú; l< wdlrfhka u iqj| miska msreKq lgdrula fhdÞ.ekSfuka fmkShkafka fnda M,h
frdamKh lr .ekSu i|yd úfYaI fmdaIK udOHhhla Ndú; lrkakg we;s njhs'

jxil:dj, ±lafjk mßÈ fnda M,hlska ßhka y;rla ^wä 6& muK Wie;s fnda
me,hla frdamKh lr .ekSu i|yd ie,lsh hq;= ld, wjldYhla .; fjhs^úfÊiqkaor
2014'6'16&' tfyhska Èjhsfka fiiq ia:dkj, frdamKh lsÍug wfmaËs; uydfndaêfha fnda me,
tla ia:dkhl ixúOdkd;aul j frdamKh lr fnÞ yeÍu isÿ lrkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh
l< yels w;r th jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka uyd fndaêfhka ,nd.;a ;j;a fnda M, i;rlska fnda
me, 8la ne.ska fnda me, 32la muK ksIamdokh lr.;a nj lshfjk fyhsks' tAjd fo;siaM,
rey fndaëka jYfhka ye¢kafõ' uydjxihg wkqj oUfld< mgqk" ;sjlal n%dyauK.%du"
:Qmdrduh" biqreuq‚h" m%d:ñl ffp;Hia:dkh" iE.sßh" l;r.u yd i÷ka.u hk ia:dk
wIagM, rey fndaëka frdamKh lrk ,o ia:dk fõ ^uydjxYh mß' º¸º" 60 - 61 .d:d&'
fo;siaM, rey fndaëka ia:dms; ia:dk uydjxifha i|yka j ke;;a uyd fndaêjxifha tlS
ia:dk kï lr ;sfí' tAjdkï u,a jeiai fjfyr" ;ka;%sud,d fjfyr" uy c,a,sl kï
fljq,a.u" fldÜáhdru" fmdf<dkakej" ud;f,a rehs.u" ud.u" ú,aj," uyshx.kh" ú,a.ï
fjfyr" uq;shx.kh" nq;a;, ymafmdare fjfyr" is;=,amõj" ;x.,a, jkjdi fjfyr" je,s.ï
fjfyr" mrf.dv" ueoafoa.u" .fKa.u" fld;auf,a mqiq,a msáh" j;=r" fn,s.," fn,a,kaú,"
j÷rj" jÜgdru" iq¨.,af,a" /iafarej" láhdj" hdmj iqkaor.sß mjqj" lid., fjfyr" wU,j
ry;a.,a fjfyr hkqhs' tfy;a fï w;r tk we;eï ia:dk mqrd;k hq.hg jvd uOH;k
wjêh jk úg ckm%sh ia:dk jQ neúka m%ia;=; lD;sh ,shjqKq fyda ixialrKh jqKq wjÈh jk
úg ckm%sh j mej;s wd.ñl ia:dk" fuf,i fo;siaM,rey fndaëka ia:dms; ia:dk f,i kï
lrkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels h' flfia kuqÿ uyd fndaêfhka ,nd.;a fnda
M,j,ska frdams; jDlaI ixLHdj iui;,sia fndaëka jykafia,dg muKla isud jQ nj
fkdfmfka' uydjxihg wkqj u Èjhsfka yd;a mi fhdÿfkka fhdÿk msysá úydria:dkj,
fndaêka jykafia,d frdamKh lsÍu isÿ lr ;sfí' tf,i Èjhsk mqrd úúO mßir l,dmj,
frdamKh l< fndaê jDË o ixúOdkd;aul j ksIamdokh lrkakg we;s w;r Bg úfYaI{
±kqula iys; msßila o tA i|yd iyNd.Sjkakg we;s nj Wml,amkh l< yels h'
idlÉPdj
by; §¾> f,i idlÉPd l< mßÈ YS% uydfndaê YdLdj fjka lr .ekSu" uq, a
woaojd.ekSu yd frdamKh iïnkaOfhka jk jxil:d.; úia;r fnfyda w;sYfhdala;s.; fuka
u wYap¾hd;aul isÿùï /ilska iukaú; jqj o tA háka Èfjk ;dË‚l ls%hdj,sh
NjH;dfjka hqla; h' wd.ñl ixialD;sl wNs,dIhka wruqKq fldgf.k rpkd jQ hf:dala;
idys;H uQ,dY%h u.ska hg;a msßfihska hï isÿùula iïnkaO ish¨ wdh;ksluh fyda
;dËKsl l%shdj,sh úia;r fõ h hkak wfmaËd l< fkdyels h' tfuka u yq§ck myka
ixfõ.h Wfoid l< uydjxih jeks lD;shla ;=< tys uqLHd¾:h uqÿka muqKqjd .ekSu i|yd
W;aidy ±Ífï § w;sixfõ§ wd.ñl isÿùï wdYap¾hj;a isÿùï f,i j¾Kkd lsÍfuka f;dr
úl,amhla y÷kd.; fkdyels jQ nj fmfka' fuys we;eï ;efkl WoaNso úoHd;aul lreKq
wdYap¾hj;a isÿùï f,i ú.%y lsÍug hdfï § jxil:dlrejka .eg¨j,g uqyqK mE wjia:d o
olakg ,efí' uyfndaêYdLdj m%;syd¾hhlska f;dfuda u is£ fjkajQ nj lshQj o Bg fmr yd
miq mej;s ;dË‚l l%shdj,sh i|yka fkdlr isàug Tjqkag fkdyelsj we;' tfuka u úfYaI
isÿùï" tla tla udij,g wÞ< úfYaI Èkj,g iïnkaO lsÍug hdu ksid o m%ia;=; fndaê
frdamK l%shdj,shg .;jqKq ld, wjldYh ms<sn| ksYaÑ; woyilg t<öu iïnkaOfhka
.eg¨ we;s lrjhs' iuia;hla f,i .;a l< jxil:d.; m%jdoj,ska m%lg flfrk fndaê
frdamKh yd ne¢ ;dË‚l ls%hdj,sh jvd;a úêu;a fuka u ixúê; jQjls' bkaÈhdfjka
meñ‚ O¾u¥; msßi ish ld¾h idM,Hh id¾:l lr.ekSu i|yd ixfla;hla fuka u
fuj,ula f,i uydfndaêh fhdÞ.ekSug ie,iqï lsÍu tA flfrys bjy,a jkakg we;' tfuka
m%;sf,dau jYfhka uydfndaêh frdamKh wdYs%; ;dË‚l l%shdj,sh id¾:l lr.ekSu" uyd
fndaê ixialD;sh uq,a nei.ekSu flfrys bjy,a jQ nj meyeÈ,s h' uyd fndaêhg miq
wIagM,rey fndaëka o" fo;siaM,rey fndaëka o uq,a nei .ekSu yd iu.dó j fndaê ixialD;sh
ia:dms; ùu yd Èjhsk mqrd jHdma; ùu isÿúh' tfyhska tlsfklg iïnkaO uydfndaê
ixialD;sh uq,a nei.ekSu fuka u fN!;sl jYfhka isÿ jQ fndaëka uq,a nei.ekSu YS% ,dxflah
b;sydifha iqúfYaIS ikaêia:dkhla f,i ie,lsh yels h'

úfYaI ia;+;sh

Y%S ,xld WoaNso WoHdk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wOHËckrd,a wdpd¾h isß,a úfÊiqkaor uy;dg
wmf.a lD;×;djh msßkefï
uQ,dY%h
wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh
ðkld,ud,S" ixia' mS' nqoaOo;a; ysñ" YS% ,xld fn!oaO uKav,h( fld<U" 1956'

fndaêjxYh" ixia' fiakdër" .=Kmd,( .,alsiai( wNh m%ldYlfhda" 1970'

uydjxYh ^isxy,&" ixia¡ yslalvqfõ iqux., ysñ iy ngqjka;=vdfõ foajrlaIs;" fld<U( weia¡
f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" 2006¡
uyd isxy, Yío fldaIh" iï( úfÊ;=x." yßYapkaø( fld<U tï'ä' .=Kfiak iy iud.u" 2005'

jxiF:mmldiskS ^uydjxY àldj&" ixia¡ tA¡ wurjxY ysñ iy fyaupkaø Èidkdhl" md,s yd
fn!oaO wOHhk mYapd;a Wmdê wdh;kh( le,Ksh" 1994'

iuk;mdidÈld úkhgG l:d ^ixy, mßj;_kh&" iï( tA' Oïul=i, ysñ" rdclSh wdishd;sl
ix.uh" m%ldYkh l< ia:dkh i|yka fkdfõ" 2003'

isxy, :QmjxYh" ixia¡ ví¡ tia¡ lreKd;s,l" weï¡ ã¡ .=Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U" 2013'

uyskao ysñ" WKqj;=rnqnqf,a 2002" YS% uyd fndaê mqrdKh" iïuq;s ^Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh&" ixia'
;,x.u fidauisß ysñ¦ WKqj;=rnqnqf,a uyskao ysñ iy ;j;a wh" .ïmy( l¾;D m%ldYk

isß,l .iafld<ka w;afmd;" 2004" weIagka" udla¦ kS,a o is,ajd iy ;j;a wh( fld<U" YS% ,xld
jk Ôj Wreu Ndrh"

A Sanskit English Dictionary , Williams, M. : Oxford , The Charendon Press, 1986

Karunatilake, W.S. 2012, Etymological Lexicon of The Sinhala Language, vol I, Colombo : S.
Godage & brothers (Pvt) LTD

Seneviratna, A. 1994, Ancient Anuradapura: Colombo, Archaeological Survey Department

iïuqL idlÉPd

2014'06'16 - jk Èk Y%S ,xld WoaNso WoHdk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wOHË ckrd,a" YS% uydfndaêfha
WoaNso úoHd;aul md¾Yajh iïnkaOfhka ks, j.lSï ork" fndaê ixrËKh ms<sn| mq¿,a
w;a±lSï we;s wdpd¾h isß,a úfÊiqkaor uy;d

wka;¾cd,h

tp:/en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus-riligiosa (2014.07.05)