8

Grade 8 STE- RESEARCH 2

Quarter 1 – Module 5:
TYPES OF RESEARCH: PART 2

i
Grade 8 STE- Research 2
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Types of Research Part 2
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Sorsogon

Schools Division Superintendent – Jose L. Doncillo, CESO V
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent – Ma. Jeany T. Abayon
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief – Rolando F. Embile
Education Program Supervisor (Science) – Michelle H. Guadamor

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

WRITERS: JERIEL G. MARTIREZ

EDITORS: JOHN BRYAN M. EVASCO

MARIA SHEILA F. FAJARDO

REVIEWERS: MICHELLE H. GUADAMOR

WELIMEN C. OSEO
REY EUGENE R. LEE
MARIA SHEILA F. FAJARDO
JOHN BRYAN M. EVASCO
RONEL M. LLONA

LAYOUT ARTISTS: JERIEL G. MARTIREZ

JOHN BRYAN M. EVASCO

i
 8
GRADE 8 STE- RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Types of Research Part 2

ii
 Most Essential Learning Competency

Categorize research in terms of features and relevance

1
 Types of Research

Introduction

In the previous modules, you learned about

the different types of research. You were able to
explain the types of research according to goal, level
of investigation, and statistical content/data. Each
type of research has its specific features and
characteristics.
In this module, you are going to classify
sample studies with regards to their type of research.
Understanding this concept will help you conducting
a scientific study in the succeeding modules.

Most Essential Learning

Competency & Objectives

In this module, you will categorize research in terms of features and

relevance.

Specifically, you should be able to:

1. Categorize the different types of research according to
a. Goal
b. Level of Investigation
c. Statistical Content/Data

Duration: 1 meeting

2
 Pre-Test

Before we start our lesson, try to answer

these five (5) questions below.

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of

the correct answer.
1. A researcher wants to determine if there’s a relationship between
the blood sugar level and the blood pressure of hypertensive
patients. Which type of research according to the level of
investigation is more appropriate for this study?
a. Descriptive research c. Exploratory research
b. Experimental research d. Basic or Pure research
2. In order to solve the fish waste pollution problem in Bulan, Sorsogon, a group of
Grade 8 students decided to conduct a study aiming to utilize waste fish bones as
meal pellets for Tilapia and other freshwater fish. This study is an example of which
type of research according to goal?
a. Basic research c. Qualitative research
b. Applied research d. Quantitative research

3. A group of doctors conducted a study of determining the effectiveness of a drug X

in lowering the sugar level of 20 diabetic patients. They measure the sugar level of the
patients before taking the drug X and compare it to the sugar level after the patients
take the drug X. This study is an example of which type of research according to
statistical content/data?
a. Basic research c. Qualitative research
b. Applied research d. Quantitative research

For items 4 and 5, consider the research study below and classify what type of
research according to goal, level of investigation, and statistical content. Refer to the
table for your answers.
4. A research study on determining the photosynthetic effects of different colors of
light in the growth of rice plants.
5. A research on the effectiveness of teaching science using online interactive games
and simulations to Grade 8 SSC students of Gallanosa National High School.

3
 Types of research according to:
Goal Level of Investigation Statistical Content/Data
a. Basic research Exploratory research Qualitative research
b. Basic research Experimental research Qualitative research
c. Applied research Experimental research Quantitative research
d. Applied research Descriptive research Quantitative research

How did you find the test? It’s okay if you’re

not yet sure with your answers. As you go on with
this module, you will learn and find out if you’re
answers are correct. So buckle up and get ready
with your journey.

4
 Learning Activities

E licit
Before we start our lesson for this module,
let us revisit your knowledge about the types of
research by completing the concept map below. You
may refer to the table given for answers. You may
write your answer on a separate clean sheet.

5
 A type of research which utilized
A type of research that study the
descriptive data and does not used
relationship of the variables
inferential statistics.
A type of research that study the A type of research which aims to
effects of the variables on each discover fundamental concepts and
other. principles.
A type of research which utilized A type of research that study the
inferential statistics to determine variables pertinent to a specific
the results of the study. situation.
A type of research which mainly aims to improve a product or process
through the new applications of scientific knowledge to solve a problem.

Take note that there are types of research according

to goal (Basic or Applied); according to level of investigation
(Exploratory, Descriptive, or Experimental); and according to
statistical content/data (Qualitative or Quantitative). Basic
research aims to contribute to the body of knowledge while
applied research aims to apply knowledge to solve problem.
Exploratory research focuses on studying the variable,
descriptive research focuses on studying relationship
between variables while experimental focuses on studying the
effect of variables to other variables. Lastly, quantitative
research used statistical tools to find results while qualitative
focuses more on descriptive data.
You need these concepts about these different types
of research for you to better understand our lesson for this
module.

E ngage
Hey, before you proceed with the main activity for
this module, let us first consider the concept cartoon
given. Tell which idea you agree with and give your
reason why.
“A group of students is planning to conduct a study
about the effect of sunlight to the growth of plant. What
do you think is the type of research appropriate for this
study?”

6
 I agree with _____________ because
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

How’s the activity? Based from your

previous module, are you confident with your
answer? If not yet, then let’s do the next activities.
It’s a long ride so get ready to explore!

7
 E xplore
You are now going to perform an activity to
have a clear idea on how to categorize research
studies according to their type. Kindly read the
directions carefully and answer the questions that
follow. If you have some clarifications about the
activity, feel free to contact your teacher.

Activity 1: Types of Research

Objective: Categorize the different types of research according to: (a) Goal; (b)
Level of investigation; and (c) Statistical content/data.

Direction: Given the following research studies/titles classify them according to the
type of research they belong. Give your reason on how you classify them. Try to go
over your previous module about the different type of research. You are encouraged
to use books and online references to complete this task. You may use another sheet
or bond paper for this activity.
Types of Research
According to
Level of According to
According
Investigation; Statistical
Research Study to Goal: Reason
Exploratory, Content/Data;
Basic or
Descriptive Qualitative or
Applied
or Quantitative
Experimental

1. A study on the
relationship of Fresh
Pond Tilapia weights
and the pH level of

8
 2. A study on the
evaluating the anti-
bacterial properties
of watermelon rind

3. A study on the
effects of magnets on
the growth rate of
rice plants

4. A study on the
Perceptions of Grade
8 SSC students on
Cyberbullying

5. A study on the role

of social media sites
as an effective online
learning channel

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the research studies are classified as basic research? How about
applied research?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. How can you say that a study is basic or applied?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3. Which of the research studies are classified as exploratory research? How

about descriptive research? How about experimental research?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

4. How can we say that a study is exploratory? How about descriptive? How about
experimental?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

9
5. Which of the research studies are classified as Qualitative research? How
about Quantitative research?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6. How can we say that a study is Qualitative? How about Quantitative?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Great job! You have completed the activity.

Do you have now an idea how we classify studies
according to their types? If you are still confused,
you can review your answers in the activity.

E xplain
Take time to understand the following ideas
or concepts for you to have a better understanding
about our lesson and to confirm the results of the
activities you have performed.

There are many kinds of research which are classified

according to their distinctive features. Some of the
classifications are as follows:

1. According to Goal:
Type of
Description Sample study
research
this type of research has drawn its pattern and
spirit from the physical sciences and has its
aims to discover fundamental concepts and
A study on how
Basic principles by exploring the unknown to extend
the universe
research new boundaries of knowledge about new facts
begin
and investigation. The results of this research
have no immediate usefulness or value to
man.
Fish bone waste
the purpose of this type of research is to as an alternative
Applied improve a product or process through new fish pellet/meal
research applications of scientific knowledge to solve for freshwater
problem. Bangus and
Tilapia

10
2. According to the Level of Investigation:
Type of
Description Sample study
research
the researcher studies the variable
A content analysis
relevant to a specific situation. This is a
of the chemical
type of research conducted for a problem
components of
Exploratory that has not been clearly defined. The
Madre de Cacao
research results of this research are not usually
as possible
useful for decision making, but they can
mosquito
provide significant insight into the given
repellant.
situation.

the researcher studies the relationships of Correlational

the variables. This type of research study about the
Descriptive
provides an accurate portrayal of level of blood
research
characteristics of a particular individual, sugar level and
situation, or group. blood pressure

the researcher studies the effects of the

A study to
variables on each other. It provides a
determine the
systematic method for answering the
effectiveness of
Experiment questions. It involves manipulating certain
different types of
al research stimuli, variables, treatments, or even
fertilizer in the
environmental conditions and observe
growth rate of
how the condition or behavior of the
tomato plant.
subject is affected.

3. According to Statistical Content/Data:

Type of
Description Sample study
research
this is one in which inferential statistics are
utilized to determine the results of the
The perceptions of
study. This type of research usually
Grade 8 students
includes comparison studies, and cause-
Qualitative of Bulan National
and-effect relationships. This research
research High School on
commonly deals with phenomena that are
online and
difficult or impossible to quantify
modular learning
mathematically, such as belief, attributes,
and symbols.

11
 this type of research uses inferential
As study on the
statistics to come up with a conclusion
effectiveness of
and in order to reject or accept the
Quantitative Drug X in lowering
hypothesis. This is a systematic empirical
research blood sugar level
investigation of phenomena via statistical,
of Diabetic
mathematical, or computational
persons
techniques.

In classifying research according to goal, that is, either basic or applied, we

need to consider the nature and the application of the results. It includes the
purpose of conducting the study and considering who will benefit from the study
and possible uses of the findings. Basic research aims to extend our knowledge
without practical application to human while applied research aims to solve
problem by using those knowledges acquired or present.

On the other hand, we need to consider the objective and characteristics of

a study in order to determine whether it is exploratory, descriptive, or
experimental. Exploratory focuses on investigating relatively unknown field or
variable which aims to gain new insight (similar to basic research). Descriptive
research includes the in-depth investigation of the variable which aims to
describe and determine relationships between variables. Lastly, experimental
research deals with investigating the effects of this variable to other variable by
means of controlling and manipulating other variables which is commonly
perform in scientific experiment and setup.
For Qualitative and Quantitative research, we need to consider the data
collection (how to collect data) and data analysis method. Sometimes, it’s quite
obvious to say that qualitative focuses on description, words or quality as the
main source of data while quantitative research relays more on numerical value
and mathematical quantities to arrive with an answer. Qualitative research
usually uses interview, questionnaires, small group discussion and
observations as ways to collect data. While quantitative data usually uses rating
scale, measurements, and numerical value to collect data.
For example, a study on the effect of different colored of lights to the growth
of Rice plants. In terms of goal, this is an applied research because this will
benefit farmers and might be a solution to our problem on rice shortage. In
terms of level of investigation, this is an experimental research because this
study aims to determine the effect to the different colors of light (one variable)
to the growth of rice plant (another variable). Moreover, there would be
variables that will controlled and manipulated like the amount of water and type
of soil. Lastly, in terms of statistical content/data, this study would be under
quantitative research because numerical data like height of the rice and number
of days of growing will be collected and measured which are numerical values.

12
 However, it is very important to note that some research can be qualitative
in nature but can also be a quantitative research. There are researchers that
are said to be a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research.

Did you get enough information the types of

research and how we classify research studies? It is
important to note that a research study can be classified
according to its goal, level of investigation and statistical
content/data. If you need more help to understand the
concept do not hesitate to ask your teacher.

E laborate/Extend
Now, let us apply what you have learned in this
module. Let’s revisit our activity in the engage part. Did
you get the correct answer? Great job if you do. If not,
it’s okay, this is your chance to correct your answer.
Consider again the scenario and concept below.

Scenario: A group of students is planning to conduct a study about

the effect of sunlight to the growth of plant. What do you think is the type of research
appropriate for this study?

13
 I agree with _____________ because
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Great job in completing your task. By this time,

you have now a clear idea on how we classify research
study depending on their category. If you still have
questions, you may ask your teacher for clarifications. I
also encourage you to read and search for book or
online references about this topic.
Congratulations! You have completed your
modules. If you need some clarifications feel free to ask
or contact your teacher.

14
 Vocabulary List

You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module:

Inferential Statistics – type of statistical tool which is frequently involved in estimating

and hypothesis testing. It is also used to analyzed and organized research data.
Quality – a distinctive attribute or characteristics possessed by someone or
something.
Quantity – the amount or number of a material or immaterial thing not usually
estimated by three-dimensional measurement.
Research Data – any information that has been collected, observed, generated, or
created to validate original research findings.
Statistics – branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis of
data and drawing inference or conclusion from sample of the whole population.
Variables – a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to
another population. In a research, it is the characteristics being studied, observed,
controlled, and manipulated.

15
 Post-Test

E valuate
I know that you can now answer the questions
below. The questions will test how much you have
learned in this module. You can do it!

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. A researcher wants to determine the Job-Related Problems and
Job-Performance of Staff Nurses in Public Hospitals with COVID patients in the
province of Albay. Which type of research according to the level of investigation is
more appropriate for this study?
a. Descriptive research c. Exploratory research
b. Experimental research d. Basic or Pure research
2. In order to solve the fish waste pollution problem in Bulan, Sorsogon, a group of
Grade 8 students decided to conduct a study aiming to utilize waste fish bones as
meal pellets for Tilapia and other freshwater fish. This study is an example of which
type of research according to goal?
a. Basic research c. Qualitative research
b. Applied research d. Quantitative research

3. A group of doctors conducted a study of determining the effectiveness of a drug X

in lowering the sugar level of 20 diabetic patients. They measure the sugar level of the
patients before taking the drug X and compare it to the sugar level after the patients
take the drug X. This study is an example of which type of research according to
statistical content/data?
a. Basic research c. Qualitative research
b. Applied research d. Quantitative research

For items 4 and 5, consider the research study below and classify what type of
research according to goal, level of investigation, and statistical content. Refer to the
table for your answers.

16
 4. A research study on determining the photosynthetic effects of different colors
of light in the growth of rice plants.
5. A research on the effectiveness of teaching science using online interactive
games and simulations to Grade 8 SSC students of Gallanosa National High
School.

Types of research according to:

Goal Level of Investigation Statistical Content/Data
a. Basic research Exploratory research Qualitative research
b. Basic research Experimental research Qualitative research
c. Applied research Experimental research Quantitative research
d. Applied research Descriptive research Quantitative research

Hooray, you have finished your module…

Please check your answers by referring to
the answer key. If you scored lower than 4, please
go over the earlier parts of this module and take on
the activities once again. If you scored 4 or above,
you are now ready for the next module.
CONGRATULATIONS!

17
 Answer Keys

Pre-Test Answer Keys

1. A 3. D 5. D
2. B 4. C
Learning Activities Answer Keys
Elicit:

Engage:
1. Sample Answer: I agree with Bea because this study is experimental because
the study aims to determine the effect of sunlight (one variable) to the growth
of plant (another variable). There will be variables that will be controlled and
manipulated such as the amount of water and type of soil.

18
Explore:
Types of Research

According to
According to
According Level of
Statistical
Research Study to Goal: Investigation; Reason
Content/Data;
Basic or Exploratory,
Qualitative or
Applied Descriptive or
Quantitative
Experimental

1. A study on Job-
Related Problems
and Job-Performance
of Staff Nurses in
Answers may
Private and Applied Descriptive Qualitative
vary
Government Hospital
in the City and
Provinces of
Sorsogon

2. A study on the
evaluating the anti- Answers may
Applied Experimental Quantitative
bacterial properties of vary
watermelon rind

3. A study on the
effects of magnets on Answers may
Applied Experimental Quantitative
the growth rate of rice vary
plants

4. A study on the
Perceptions of Grade Answers may
Basic Descriptive Qualitative
8 SSC students on vary
Cyberbullying

5. A study on the role

of social media sites Answers may
Basic Exploratory Qualitative
as an effective online vary
learning channel

1. Students’ answers may vary

2. Students’ answers may vary
3. Students’ answers may vary
4. Students’ answers may vary
5. Students’ answers may vary
6. Students’ answers may vary

Elaborate:
1. I agree with Bea because this study is experimental because the study aims to
determine the effect of sunlight (one variable) to the growth of plant (another

19
 variable). There will be variables that will be controlled and manipulated such
as the amount of water and type of soil.

Post-Test Answer Keys

1. A 3. D 5. D
2. B 4. C

20
 References

Cover Art: Laboratory experiment Photo by Chokniti Khongchum from

Pexels.com
Cover Art: Lemon Experiment Image by Kiankhon from Pixabay.com
Cover Art: Survey and Observation Photo from
richardvigilantebooks.com
Cover Art: Applied Research illustration from slideshare.net

Printed Books:
Ariola, Mariano M. Principles and Methods of Research. Manila: Rex
Book Store, 2006.

Calmorin, Laurentina Paler-, and Melchor A. Calmorin, Research

Methods and Thesis Writing. Manila: Rex Book Store, 2017.

Zulueta, Francisco m., and Jose R. Perez. Methods of Research Thesis-

Writing and Applied Statistics. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store,
2003.

21