Free Response Practice #2

1)
Standard Heat of
Absolute Entropy
Substance Formation, ΔHf°,
S°, in J mol¯1 K¯1
in kJ mol¯1
C(s) 0.00 5.69
CO2(g) -393.5 213.6
H2(g) 0.00 130.6
H2O(l) -285.85 69.96
O2(g) 0.00 205.0
C3H7COOH(l) ? 226.3
The enthalpy change for the combustion of butyric acid at 25 °C, ΔH°comb, is -2,183.5 kilojoules per mole. The
combustion reaction is
C3H7COOH(l) + 5 O2(g) <===> 4 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)

(a) From the data above, calculate the standard heat of formation, ΔHf°, for butyric acid at 25 °C.

(b) Write a correctly balanced equation for the formation of butyric acid from its elements.
(c) Calculate the standard entropy change, ΔSf°, for the formation of butyric acid at 25 °C. The entropy
change, ΔS°, for the combustion reaction above is -117.1 J K¯1 at 25 °C.
(d) Calculate the standard free energy of formation, ΔGf°, for butyric acid at 25 °C.

2) 2 H2S(g) + SO2(g) <===> 3 S(s) + 2 H2O(g)

At 298 K, the standard enthalpy change, ΔH°, for the reaction represented above is -145 kilojoules.
(a) Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, ΔS°, for the reaction. Explain the basis for your prediction.
(b) At 298 K, the forward reaction (i.e., toward the right) is spontaneous. What change, if any, would occur in
the value of ΔG° for this reaction as the temperature is increased? Explain your reasoning using
thermodynamic principles.
(c) What change, if any, would occur in the value of the equilibrium constant, Keq, for the situation described
in (b)? Explain your reasoning.
(d) The absolute temperature at which the forward reaction becomes nonspontaneous can be predicted. Write
the equation that is used to make the prediction. Why does this equation predict only an approximate value for
the temperature?
 Free Response Practice #2
1) Average score 5.52
a) three points
From Hess's law:
[delta]H°f = [4 (393.5) + 4 (205.85)] - 2183.5 kJ = - 533.8 kJ

b) one point
4 C(s) + 4 H2(g) + O2(g) ---> C3H7COOH

c) two points
[delta]S°f butyric acid = S° butyric acid - 4 S° carbon - 4 S° H2 - S° O2

[delta]S°f butyric acid = [226.3 - 4(5.69) - 4(130.6) - 205] joules/K = - 523.9 joules/K

Note: If part c was based on the equation in part b, and was done correctly, credit was given for part c even if
part b was wrong.
d) three points
[delta]G°f butyric acid = [delta]H°f - T [delta]S°f

[delta]G°f = [- 533.9 - (298) (- 0.524)] kJ

[delta]G°f= - 377.7 kJ

Note: For each of the problems, a maximum of one point was subtracted for gross misuse of significant figures
and. or for a mathematical error if correct principles were used.
 Free Response Practice #2
2) Note: for parts (a), (b), and (c), just writing an equation is not sufficient for the 'explanation" point. To earn
credit, the student must connect the equation to the issue to be explained.
a) two points
Statement that [delta]S° is negative
3 moles of gas ---> 2 moles of gas plus solid (3 moles ---> 2 moles earns no points), OR
2 gases ---> one gas + solid OR
use of [delta]G° = [delta]H° - T[delta]S° with [delta]G° = 0
b) two points
[delta]G° is less negative, goes to 0, goes positive, gets larger
Explanation using [delta]G° = [delta]H° - T[delta]S°
c) two points
Keq decreases (exponent goes more negative) as T increases

OR
Keq goes from > 1, to 1, to < 1, as T increases

Correct explanation using the equation

[delta]G° = - RT ln K (or ln(k1 / k2) = ([delta]H° / R) (1/T2 - 1/T1)

OR
higher T favors the reverse reaction (Le Châtelier) because the forward reaction is exothermic.
Note: if answer for (a) is that [delta]S° is positive, then statement that Keq will decrease or increase depending
on the relative magnitudes of T and [delta]G° change earns two points.
d) two points
Since [delta]G° = 0 at this point, the equation is T= [delta]H° / [delta]S°
([delta]G° = [delta]H° - T [delta]S°S is NOT sufficient without [delta]G° = 0.)
Prediction is not exact since [delta]H° and/or [delta]S° vary with T.