APPLICATION LAYER

http/https/dns/dhcp

dhcp auto ip address

www.google.com Http web server search Engine

www.gmail.com Https Authentication

ping www.youtube.com name to ip nad ip to name DNS

The application layer is a Seventh layer in the Open Systems Interconnection

(OSI)layer model. It consists of protocols that focus on process-to-process communication
across an IP network and provides a firm communication interface and end-user services.

The application level refers to the applications that sit on top of the network and use the
networks to get their data from one endpoint to another—such as a server.
PRESENTATION LAYER
Presentation layer is a sixth layer of the osi reference model. It send
data to application layer in a well defined, accurate, and standardized
format. This layer also called syntax layer

.ppt

.xls
.doc

.jpg

.html

.pdf

.ppt

.xls
.doc

.xml

.html

.pst

In the seven-layer OSI model of computer

networking, the session layer is layer 5.
The session layer provides the mechanism for
opening, closing and managing a session between
end-user application processes, i.e., a semi-
permanent dialogue.
Session layer dialog

1. Simple duplex - speaker, headset, radio, TV etc.,

2. Half duplex - HUB,EMAIL, Walky Talky

3. Full duplex - SWITCH ,ROUTER etc.,

Inside the Segment Source P.No. and Destination P.No.

EX:HTTP 80 DESTINATION

CLIENT SOURCE P.No.54312

Inside the Packet Source ip address. and Destination ip address

Inside the Frame source MAC Address and Destination MAC Address

Bits 0,1 in Physical layer

The key difference between encapsulation and decapsulation is that, in encapsulation, the data
moves from upper layer to the lower layer, and each layer includes a bundle of information
known as a header along with the actual data while, in decapsulation, the data moves from the
lower layer to the upper layers.