Amenna

Bakul Southbreeze Autograph
A Fourteen Storied Apartment Building with

Two Basements at Gulshan, Dhaka
STRUCTURAL DESIGN REVIEW
South Breeze Housing Ltd.

South Breeze Centre
Rd.1, Bldg. 5, Blk. G, 12th Fl.
Banani, Dhaka 1213
March 2020
Bakul Southbreeze Autograph: Structural Design Review
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. BACKGROUND 1
3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING 2

3.1 General 2
3.2 Foundation 2
3.3 Floor System 2
3.4 Vertical Structural Elements 4
3.5 Ventilation Duct for Generator 4
3.6 Vertical Irregularity 4
4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN REVIEW 4

4.1 Design Standards 4
4.2 Loads 5
4.2.1 Dead Loads (D) 5
4.2.2 Live Load (L) 6
4.2.3 Wind Load (W): 6
4.2.4 Earthquake Load (E) 7
4.2.5 Equivalent Static Force Method 7
4.2.6 Response Spectrum Analysis 8
4.3 Finite Element Modeling for Analysis 8
4.3.1 Axes System 9
4.3.2 Materials 9
4.3.3 Reinforcement Design 9
4.3.4 Finite Element Model 9
4.3.5 Stiffness Reduction 10
4.3.6 Boundary Conditions 10
4.3.7 Load Combination 10
4.4 Analysis and Results 12
4.4.1 Deflection Characteristics 12
4.4.2 Forces and Moments 13
4.5 Structural Design Check 14
4.5.1 Mat Foundation 14

Bakul Southbreeze Autograph: Structural Design Review
4.5.2 Columns, Shear Walls and Lift Cores 17

4.5.3 Beams 18
4.5.4 Slabs 34
4.5.5 Basement Walls, Ramps and Stairs etc. 34
4.5.6 Ventilation Duct for Generator 34
4.5.7 Structural Detailing 35
5. Conclusions 35
Appendices
Appendix - I Computer Analysis Information A-1
Appendix - II Architectural Design Drawings, Sep 2019 A-26
Appendix - III Shore Pile Design Drawings, Sep 2018 A-56
Appendix - IV Structural Design Drawings by ESI, Dec 2019 A-63
Appendix - V Revised Shore Pile Design Drawings, Apr 2019 A-166
Appendix - VI Revised Str. Design Dwgs. Good for Construction, Jan 2020 A-173

Bakul Southbreeze Autograph: Structural Design Review 5
1. INTRODUCTION
South Breeze Housing Ltd. (SBHL), a renowned real estate developer in Bangladesh
has undertaken a project to construct a fourteen storied apartment building project with
two basements named Bakul Southbreeze Autograph at House No. 19, Road No. 59
Gulshan-2 Dhaka 1214. This report summarizes the findings of the review of structural
design of this building.
2. BACKGROUND
The structural design of Bakul Southbreeze Autograph was prepared by a consultant

nominated by SBHL. Complete structural design drawings of the building were prepared
by the consultant in several phases. Before starting the actual construction, the
management body of SBHL felt that the design of the building may be reviewed by an
independent consultant for better design optimization which initiated the current review
process.
The architectural design on the building was first issued in August 2018 (Appendix-
II) and based on this plan, structural drawings were prepared by the consultant 2018
which also includes the design for shore pile system (Appendix-III). The shore pile
design was submitted in October 2018. The review of the structural design began with
the review of the design of the shore pile system. Shore pile was reviewed and finalized
in April 2019 (Appendix-V). The revised design includes modification in the cast in situ
shore pile design, sizes of steel wales, struts and bracings.
First version of structural drawings was received in April 2019. After suggesting
some revisions the 2nd submission from the consultant was received in September 2019
which also incorporated changes in location of columns due to revision in the
architectural design in May 2019. Thereafter, 3 rd submission of structural drawing was
received in December 2019 which incorporated further structural modifications
(Appendix IV). This 3rd submission was thoroughly checked and revised and the
structural design was finalized in January 2020 (Appendix-VI).
This report describes the above mentioned reviews and revisions of the structural
design drawings including comments and suggestions.

3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING
3.1 General
The building is a south facing fourteen storied reinforced concrete structure with
two basements. The basements are reserved for car parking, pump room, fire pump
room, service pump room, generator room and drivers' area etc. The building is
supported by a mat foundation. The water reservoir is on the mat foundation beneath the
2nd basement on the north-west side of the building covering a plan area of about 765
sq.ft. (71.0 sqm.). The ground floor is reserved for reception, water body, children play
area, office and other green areas etc. whereas the basements are reserved for car
parking. The upper floors are served by two passenger lifts and a goods lift. There is a
regular staircase as well as an emergency fire staircase. There is another stair from
ground floor to 1st floor to serve the community space on 1 st floor. There is a water tank
on the roof to serve both normal usage and emergency fire fighting usage. A 3D
architecturally rendered view of the building is shown in Fig.1 as well as on the cover
page of this report. Architectural plans, sections, elevations and other architectural
features of the various floors of the building are shown in Appendix II. The plot area is
approximately 19.93 katha. The building has a total floor area of approximately 1,25,200
square feet (11,635 sqm.).
3.2 Foundation
The foundation of the building is designed as a mat/raft foundation. From the
structural design sheets, it is observed that the design thickness of the mat is 1200 mm
(48 inch). The basement walls are of solid concrete wall of thickness varying from 300
mm (12 inch) at bottom to 250 mm (10 inch) at top. Bottom level of the mat is located at
-7.01 m (-23'-0") below the road level.
3.3 Floor System

The floor slabs are designed as typical RC slab of thickness varying from 125 mm (5
inch) to 200 mm (8 inch) where required supported by beams which ultimately transfer
the load to columns and shear walls (pages A-179 through A-189, A-233, A-242 etc.
(Appendix VI). At the basement-02 level, the part of the slab over the water reservoir has
been designed as having a thickness of 225 mm (9 inch).


Fig.1: A 3D rendered view of Bakul Southbreeze Autograph (view from south-west)
3.4 Vertical Structural Elements

The vertical structural elements that transfer loads from floors to the foundation
consists of columns, shear walls and core walls (Appendix VI, page A-233, A-240~A-
242, A-250~A-253, A-259~A-270 & A-285~A-306). Due to architectural demand, the
core walls or shear walls are placed un-symmetrically on the plan which may not be a
structurally efficient system. Also it is noticeable that there are a number columns of
elongated shape which behave more like walls rather than columns.
3.5 Ventilation Duct for Generator

The main generator for the building shall be located on the north-west side of 1st
basement and ground floor which has been designed to be air cooled type. In order to
vent out the heated air from the radiator, a vertical duct on the north side of the retaining
wall has been designed. The outer wall of the duct has been supported at basement floor
levels by means of short concrete struts spaced about 600 mm (4'-5") apart (Appendix
VI, page A-233 & A-239).
3.6 Vertical Irregularity

The 1st floor of the building has a plan area much smaller than the other floors
(Appendix II, page A-29). This architectural features has resulted in a vertical structural
irregularity Type-i in accordance with BNBC 2020 seismic provisions (section
2.5.5.3.2). Due to this structural irregularity, some columns and other vertical members
have become double-height elements prone to slenderness effects. For buildings with
such irregularity, design on the basis of dynamic characteristics is mandatory (BNBC
2020, sec 2.5.8.1).
4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN REVIEW
For the purpose of reviewing the design of Bakul Southbreeze Autograph project, a
full independent analysis and design check has been performed. As mentioned earlier,
the review was made in several steps and was completed in January 2020. Various steps
of the design review process are discussed in the sub-sections below.

4.1 Design Standards

The first step in any building design or review process is to set the design standard or
code. For Bakul Southbreeze Autograph project, Bangladesh National Building Code
(BNBC, 2020) has been adopted which is a legal requirement for all the buildings
constructed in Bangladesh. Additionally, American Concrete Institute Code (ACI) is also
consulted to complement BNBC where deemed necessary.
4.2 Loads
Prior to make any structural analysis, it is essential that the loads that may act upon
the building during its lifetime be duly considered and is incorporated in the analysis.
The loads that may act upon the structure are discussed below,
4.2.1 Dead Loads (D)
Dead loads (D) are those gravity loads which remain acting on the structure
permanently without any change during the structures normal service life. These are
basically the loads coming from the weight of the different components of the structure.
For the sake of convenience in the analysis, sometimes this kind of loads are divided into
two types, namely a) self weight of the structure (SW) and b) the weight coming from the
non-structural permanent components of the building (DL). In concrete buildings, the
weight of slabs, beams, columns etc. which form the main structural system is
considered the self weight (SW). The weights of floor finish, partition walls and other
non-structural permanent components generally constitute the rest of the total dead load.
For the Bakul Southbreeze Autograph project, following are the values of dead loads,
Reinforced Concrete unit weight, c= 150 lb/ft3

Plain concrete unit weight,= 120 lb/ft2
Soil unite weight, s= 120 lb/ft2
Floor finish (FF) = 30 lb/ft2
Partition wall load= 450 lb per running foot for 5" brick wall,
900 lb per running foot for 10" brick wall
1200 lb per running ft. for 10" concrete wall
Thermal protection layer on roof = 120 lb/ft2

Based on the above basic dead loads, the actual applied load acting on each floor has
been calculated and applied as uniformly distributed surface load. Fig.06 (page A-5 in
Appendix I) shows a typical example of the FE mesh showing the applied loads on the
floor elements. Where masonry walls are resting directly on a beam, the load of the wall
is applied as a uniformly distributed line load directly on the beam. Where a wall rests on
slab, its weight is applied as uniform line load on the slab in accordance with the plan of
the wall. Fig.8 (page A-7 in Appendix I) shows the typical line load applied on the FE
model floors corresponding to the walls. At toilet areas, weight of the 3" concrete false
ceiling as well as additional 1" for floor finish is considered. At kitchen, allowance is
made for the permanent kitchen table made of concrete slab. At verandahs, the weight of
solid railing (if any) as well as drop walls is also accounted for. Based on such procedure
the dead loads on different areas of each floor is calculated.
4.2.2 Live Load (L)
Live load is the gravity load coming from the non-permanent objects like
furniture, human etc. The values of this load for different parts of the building are
different as specified by BNBC. Following are the live load values used in the analysis,
Floors (residential area) = 40 lb/ft2

Stairs = 100 lb/ft2
Roof = 30 lb/ft2
Parking= 50 lb/ft2
Based on the above basic load values, uniformly distributed pressure loads are
applied on the floor elements of FE model. A typical example is shown in Fig.07 (page
A-6 in Appendix I) where application of live load on the 3F slab is shown.
4.2.3 Wind Load (W):
Bangladesh is typically a storm prone area where due consideration to the thrust
due to storm must be given in the analysis and design of building and structures. Wind
load due to storm is typically modeled as lateral thrust force causing sway or overturning
of the building. Detailed specifications on wind loading on buildings are outlined in
BNBC Part 6 Chapter 2 Section 2.4. The present project is located in central Dhaka for
which the following basic parameters are used in wind load calculation,

Basic wind speed, Vb= 237 km/h (147 mph) [BNBC 2020, Table 6.2.8]
Exposure category = A (urban area)
Structure Importance coefficient I = 1.00
Detailed floor by floor wind loading according to BNBC is given in Fig.9 and Fig.10
(Appendix I).
4.2.4 Earthquake Load (E)
Proper structural design of any building structure must include loads due to
earthquake shaking. Although there have been no major incident of earthquake hazard in
the recent past of Bangladesh, earthquakes are not uncommon in this area. Statistical
evidence from past major and minor earthquake incidents shows that a major earthquake
is over due in the recent times. Therefore it is necessary that we duly prepare ourselves
against any possible earthquake hazard. It should be kept in mind that the objective of
earthquake resistance building design is not to make a strong building which can resist
any damage due to earthquake. Instead, earthquake resistant design basically aims at
keeping the possible damage and casualty to an acceptable level.
Regarding the earthquake resistant structural design, it essential that the specific
design code be followed. For the current project, Equivalent Static Force Method and
Response Spectrum of BNBC (2020) are followed for the general design of the building.
4.2.5 Equivalent Static Force Method
The parameters for equivalent static loading are as follows,
Seismic zone = III, zone co-efficient, Z = 0.28 (BNBC 2020, Fig.6.2.24)
Site classification of soil = SD (BNBC 2020, Fig.6.2.13)
Response reduction factor, R = 5 (BNBC 2020, table 6.2.19)
Structural importance factor, I = 1
Structure type for period formula = concrete moment resisting frame
Seismic design category = D
Based on the above input design parameters, design spectral acceleration, Sa =

0.667(ZI/R)×Cs [BNBC 2020, eq. 6.2.34] was evaluated and was input in the analysis

program as a user co-efficient. The analysis program automatically calculated the design
seismic force on the building.
4.2.6 Response Spectrum Analysis
For response spectrum analysis, normalized response spectrum curve (Cs)

corresponding to soil category SD as shown in Fig.2 has been adopted in accordance
with BNBC 2020 provisions [section 2.5.4]. The modal damping ratio was 5%. The
number of modes in modal analysis were 20. Scaling in response spectrum analysis was
made in accordance with BNBC 2020, sec 2.5.9.4.
4
Norm. accl. response spectrum
0
0 1 2 3 4
Period, sec
Fig.2 Response spectrum function.
4.3 Finite Element Modeling for Analysis

Method of structural analysis adopted for the project has a significant impact on
the final design of the building in terms of safety and economy. Depending on the type of
project, there are several well-established methods among which Finite Element Method
(FEM) is perhaps the most sophisticated and all encompassing one. For the Bakul
Southbreeze Autograph project, powerful and popular finite element software package
ETABS (v.18.1.1) has been employed for the structural analysis. Details of the analysis
process are discussed in the following paragraphs.
A full three dimensional modeling of the building was developed using frame and
shell elements. The frame elements are typical two-noded space frame elements having
six degrees of freedom per node – three translations and three rotations in three mutually
perpendicular axes system. The plate elements are of rectangular (or quadrilateral) and

triangular shape. The rectangular shape was mostly used with a few triangular elements
at a few locations needed for mesh refinement. The rectangular (or quadrilateral) element
has four nodes at its four corners. Each node has six degrees of freedom – three
translations and three rotations in a 3D space configuration. The frame elements are used
to model the beams and some columns while the shell elements are used to model the
floor slabs, stairs, lift core walls, shear walls and mat foundation etc. At base level,
appropriate modulus of sub-grade reaction is applied to the mat shell elements. The
corner nodes of the mat are restrained against any horizontal movement. Fig.1 to Fig.5 of
Appendix I illustrates various aspect of the 3D analysis model developed for this
building.
4.3.1 Axes System
All finite element (FE) models have a global three dimensional (X, Y and Z) axes
system based on which the co-ordinates of the model are defined. For the Bakul
Southbreeze Autograph project, axis X refers to the East-West (E-W) direction.
4.3.2 Materials
The principal material of construction is reinforced concrete. For the purpose of

analysis and design the following material properties are used,
Yield strength of steel, fy = 60 ksi and 72.5 ksi
28 day cylinder strength of concrete, fc' = 5.0, 4.0 and 3.5 ksi
4.3.3 Reinforcement Design
ACI Ultimate Strength Design (USD) method, which is also adopted by BNBC,
has been used in designing the reinforcement. For detailing the reinforcement the
specifications set forth by BNBC in Part 6 is followed. The detailing for earthquake load
is also in accordance with BNBC (chapter 8, part 6, BNBC 2020).
4.3.4 Finite Element Model
The three-dimensional finite element model of the building was generated in the
graphical environment of ETABS (v.18.1.1). Finite element mesh of the full building in
3D perspective is given in Fig.1 through Fig.5 (Appendix I, page A-1~A-4), the retaining

walls are omitted from some views to expose the complex FE mesh modeling of the
ramps and slabs of basements. It is expected that these figures shall give the reader of
this document a clear idea on how detailed and close-to-reality the FE model mesh of the
building is. These figures are good enough to demonstrate the comprehensiveness in
modeling the building.
4.3.5 Stiffness Reduction
In order to account for proper stiffness of reinforced concrete sections, reduction

in stiffness properties were applied for beams, columns, walls, slabs etc. in accordance
with BNBC sec 6.3.10.4.1. To investigate deflection and sway characteristics, provisions
of sec 6.1.11.1 of BNBC 2020 has been adopted.
4.3.6 Boundary Conditions
In any finite element analysis, applying appropriate boundary conditions are

important. Without appropriate boundary conditions the structure may not be stable
under loads. On the other hand, application of excessive boundary conditions may render
the structure too restrained resulting in development of unreasonable stresses. In the
present project, the mat foundation is included in the FE model and modulus of subgrade
reaction (107 kcf) is applied beneath the mat elements. Therefore no additional boundary
condition is required in the vertical direction. To prevent against horizontal sliding
instability in the FE model, a few corner nodes of the mat are restrained against
horizontal movement.
4.3.7 Load Combination
The basic sources of loads are described in section 4.2. These loads are applied
on the model in six basic categories. These are as follows,
Load Case 1: Dead load (self weight, floor finishes, partition wall etc.) (D)
Load Case 2: Live load on floors (L) (reducible).
Load Case 3: Wind load on East-West direction. (Wx)
Load Case 4: Wind load on North-South direction. (Wy)
Load Case 5: Eqv. static earthquake load in East-West direction (Ex)
Load Case 6: Eqv. static earthquake load in North-South direction (Ey)

Load Case 7: Eqv. static earthquake load in vertical direction (Ev)

Load Case 8: Response spectrum earthquake load in East-West direction (Rx)
Load Case 9: Response spectrum earthquake load in North-South dir. (Ry)
Load Case 10: Response spectrum earthquake load in vertical dir. (Rv)
These ten basic load cases are analyzed in ETABS. The results are then combined in
accordance with the specifications set forth by BNBC 2020 (part 6, sec 2.7). BNBC
specifies a number of combination option for different kinds of loads among which the
following combinations are relevant. These are as follows,
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L
3. 1.2D + L
4. 1.2D + 0.8Wx
5. 1.2D - 0.8Wx
6. 1.2D + 0.8Wy
7. 1.2D - 0.8Wy
8. 1.2D + L + 1.6Wx
9. 1.2D + L - 1.6Wx
10. 1.2D + L + 1.6Wy
11. 1.2D + L - 1.6Wy
12. 1.2D + L + Rx + Rv
13. 1.2D + L - Rx + Rv
14. 1.2D + L + Ry + Rv
15. 1.2D + L - Ry + Rv
16. 0.9D + 1.6Wx
17. 0.9D - 1.6Wx
18. 0.9D + 1.6Wy
19. 0.9D - 1.6Wy
20. 0.9D + Rx - Rv
21. 0.9D - Rx - Rv
22. 0.9D + Ry - Rv
23. 0.9D - Ry - Rv
Where D stands for total dead load i.e. summation of self weight, partition load and floor
finish. L stands for live load, W stands for wind load and E stands for earthquake load.
When the ten basic load cases are combined accordingly considering the direction of
lateral loads, we obtain a total of 23 effective combination cases. These combinations are
factored combinations, i.e. factors like 1.2 or 1.6 are used to multiply the basic load cases
before they are added. These combinations are useful for the purpose of reinforcement

design using USD method. However, similar unfactored combinations are also
performed to check the serviceability conditions e.g. deflection of floor slabs and beams,
lateral sway of the whole structure etc. as well as in determining the foundation size.
For the present building, response spectrum seismic loading has been used. For
this reason, the 23 combinations shown above do not include equivalent static load.
However, analysis by equivalent force method was also done for proper scaling of
response spectrum results. Equivalent static method was also followed in assessing the
deflection and drift characteristics of the building. According to BNBC 2020, sec 2.5.13
of part 6, seismic loading in one direction shall be combined with 30% of seismic
loading in other direction. In the present analysis, this is incorporated by applying
response spectrum acceleration loading in two directions simultaneously - full
acceleration in one direction and 30% acceleration in other direction.
4.4 Analysis and Results

Analysis had been performed by ETABS using the built-in solver. A typical
summary output of ETABS is given in Fig.11 (pages A-10 and A-11 in Appendix I).
4.4.1 Deflection Characteristics
Exaggerated deflected shape of a typical floor of the building under gravity load
is shown in Fig.12 (page A-12 in Appendix I). Fig.13 through 16 shows the lateral sway
of the whole building due to wind load and earthquake load (equivalent static) in E-W
and N-S direction respectively. Lateral sway position for N-S direction of the roof floor
in plan are shown in Fig.17 and Fig.19 (page A-17 and A-19 in Appendix I) and the
same in E-W direction are shown in Fig.16 and Fig.18 (page A-16 and A-18 in Appendix
I). It is apparent that the building is not likely to have torsional irregularity for lateral
loading in any direction.
Code requires that the maximum sway at the top of the building due to wind load,
when calculated in accordance with BNBC 2020 provisions (chapter 2, part 6, sec 2.7)
shall be less than h/480 where h is the height of the building. This results in an allowable
maximum sway of 3.75 inch at the roof of the present building. Horizontal sway position
of the roof due to wind in N-S direction is shown in Fig.17 (page A-17 in Appendix I)
and in E-W direction in Fig.18 (page A-18 in Appendix I) respectively. Initially the FE

model has been developed on the basis of the structural design (i.e. beam, column and
shear wall sizes) provided by the consultant. The maximum lateral deflection of the top
floor for various lateral loading condition is shown in the following table. Analysis
shows that for the initial model, the maximum sway for wind loading, when calculated in
accordance with BNBC 2020 provisions (chapter 2, part 6, sec 2.7), in E-W direction at
roof is about 3.67 inch which is below the allowable limit of 3.75 inch. Sway in N-S
direction for wind loading was also found to be within in the limit.
For seismic load in E-W direction, the maximum sway, max, is 5.53 inch and the
minimum sway, min, is 5.31 inch. This makes the ratio max/avg about 1.02. Similarly
the max/avg ratio for N-S direction was found to be 1.08. Both these values are well
below the code limit of 1.2. Thus the building does not have any torsional irregularities.
Table 1 summarizes these sway characteristics.
Table 1: Sway characteristics of the initial model at roof level.

Sl Load Case Max. Min. Average max/avg
sway, sway, Sway
max min avg (inch)
( inch) (inch)
1 Wind in E-W direction 3.67
2 Wind in N-S direction 1.45
3 Earthquake in EW 5.53 5.31 5.42 1.02
direction
4 Earthquake in NS 4.14 3.52 3.83 1.08
direction
Deflection characteristics of the building, as indicated in table 1, show that the

building’s torsional irregularities are not a major design concern. However, size of some
structural elements were revised to meet structural strength and detailing requirement.
When such modification is done and the FE model and structural design is finalized
(Appendix-VI), the sway characteristics are as shown in Table 2.

4.4.2 Forces and Moments
With the revised configuration as discussed in the preceding section the building
has been analyzed for ten basic load cases. Based on these ten basic cases, twenty-three
design combinations can be obtained. Therefore, after finishing the analysis a vast array
of results is obtained and it is impractical to present all the results in this report.
Therefore, only a few results are shown graphically in Fig.9 through 10 (page A-8~A-9
in Appendix I) that demonstrate the comprehensiveness of the analysis.
Table 2: Sway characteristics of the revised model at roof level.

Sl Load Case Max. Min. Average max/avg
sway, sway, Sway
max min avg (inch)
( inch) (inch)
1 Wind in EW direction 3.57
2 Wind in NS direction 1.04
3 Earthquake in EW 9.29 8.86 9.07 1.02
direction
4 Earthquake in NS 6.01 5.32 5.67 1.06
direction
4.5 Structural Design Check

Checking of the structural design is based on the results of analysis and design
provided by the analysis software ETABS (v18.1.1). Checking the design of various
structural elements like mat foundation, columns, shear walls, core walls, beams and
slabs are discussed below.
4.5.1 Mat Foundation
Design checking of mat foundation involves checking the mat area, thickness and
reinforcement requirements. Based on the weight of the building (D + L) the gross
bearing pressure beneath the mat at service load is 4.47 ksf. The bottom of the mat is
located at approximately 23 ft below the existing ground level which provides a
compensation bearing pressure of about 2.76 ksf. Thus the net bearing capacity needed at
base level is only 1.71 ksf. According sub-soil investigation report, the net allowable

bearing pressure at base level is 1.76 ksf which is higher. Therefore from the
consideration of soil bearing capacity, the foundation design is quite adequate.
The proposed mat thickness (by consultant) of 48 inches with 60 inch thickened
portions around columns are shown on page A-70 in Appendix IV. It has been found that
wall C11 at grid point 8-C1 as well as column SW7 at grid point 6-D are the most
severely loaded ones. Based on analysis, the maximum force transferred by C11 to the
mat has been found to be 2650 kips and the column has a size of 15" × 60". Concrete
strength is 4500 psi (31 MPa) and steel is 72 ksi (500 MPa). With design ultimate
bearing pressure of 6.48 ksf beneath the mat, the capacity ratio (Design Load divided by
Capacity) can be calculated to be 0.97 which is marginally below the limit value of 1.0.
Similarly for SW7, the capacity ratio can be found to be 0.93 indicating that the
thickness of the mat is adequate. Capacity ratio for a few other columns and walls are
also shown in table 3. For all these columns or walls, the capacity ratio is below 0.90 and
hence acceptable.
Table 3: Mat thickness adequacy check based on punching shear capacity

Factored Capacit
Col. Col. soil Punch. y ratio
Column/ short long pressure perim. Mat Net net/ΦVc
Wall Pu dim dim f'c Pu / A b0 thick Capacity force <=1 Comment
kip in in ksi ksf in in kip kip
C11 2650 15 60 4.50 6.4 326 48 2454 2377 0.97 OK
SW7 2584 15 65 4.50 6.4 336 48 2464 2298 0.93 OK
SW6 2525 20 60 4.50 6.4 336 48 2810 2229 0.79 OK
C14 2433 20 50 4.50 6.4 316 48 2854 2166 0.76 OK
C17 2822 20 40 4.50 6.4 296 48 2971 2583 0.87 OK
For column C11 and wall SW7, the capacity ratio has been found to be
marginally below 1.0. In order to provide additional safety, integral beam shear
reinforcement has been provided beneath these two elements (page A-192 of Appendix
VI).
For a thickness of 48" inch the minimum reinforcement requirement at top or

bottom surface of mat is 0.60 in2/ft in accordance with the ACI minimum steel
requirement for temperature and shrinkage. The minimum reinforcement provided at the
bottom face of mat is 25 mm bar @ 9" c/c and the same at top is 25mm bars @ 9" c/c

which amounts to a total minimum steel of 2.03 in 2/ft which is quite conservative.
Checking of the mat reinforcement beneath columns as well as away from columns
showed that revisions in the reinforcement would be needed. Table 4 summarizes the
revisions made in the mat reinforcement at various locations.
Table 4: Mat Bottom Reinforcement Beneath Column and Shear Wall

Provided Suggested Revision Comments
S.l Col /gridReinf. in EW Reinf. in NS Reinf. in EW Reinf. in NS EW Dir. NS Dir.
Dir. Dir. Dir. Dir.
in2/ft in2/ft in2/ft in2/ft
1 10-B 1.65 2.29 1.43 1.65
D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
+ 1-D20 per 2-D20 per gap + 1-D16 per + 1-D20 per
gap gap gap
2 9-B 1.65 2.29 1.43 1.65
D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
gap gap gap
3 A9-D1 1.65 2.29 2.03 2.03
D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
gap gap gap
4 10-D1 1.65 2.29 1.65 2.03
D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
gap gap gap
5 8-A2 3.04 3.04 2.03 2.03
D20 @ 9" c/c D20 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
gap gap gap
6 7-A2 3.04 3.04 2.03 2.03
D20 @ 9" c/c D20 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
gap gap gap
7 7-C1 3.04 3.04 3.31 3.31
D20 @ 9" c/c D20 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c Mat thick has
+ 2-D25 per 2-D25 per gap + 1-D25 per + 1-D25 per increased 12"
gap gap + D20 @ gap + D20 @
4.5" c/c 4.5" c/c
8 8-C1 3.04 3.04 3.31 3.31
D20 @ 9" c/c D20 @ 9" c/c + D25 @ 9" c/c D25 @ 9" c/c
gap gap + D20 @ gap + D20 @
4.5" c/c 4.5" c/c
9 6-B 3.04 3.04 3.04 2.67

Table 4: Mat Bottom Reinforcement Beneath Column and Shear Wall

Provided Suggested Revision Comments
+ 2-D25 per 2-D25 per gap + 2-D25 per + 1-D25+1- increased 12"
gap gap D20 per gap
10 6-D 3.04 3.04 3.04 3.31
+ 2-D25 per 2-D25 per gap + 2-D25 per + 1-D25 per increased 12"
gap gap gap + D20 @
4.5" c/c
4.5.2 Columns, Shear Walls and Lift Cores
The design of columns of the project has been obtained from ETABS. Some of
the columns having elongated sections are modeled using shell elements (pier). These
columns are designed using CSI Column software which is a companion software to
ETABS.
It has been mentioned that the sizes of a few columns, shear walls and the lift
core has been modified. Table 5 shown below lists the changes to the column sizes as
well as corresponding reinforcement. The table reveals that some columns were over-
designed while a few others were rather under-designed.
Table 5. Comparison of column design

Name Name Grid Previous Revised Previous Revised Rebar % Rebar %
(previous (revised) (cad) Size size Steel Steel provided provided
)
C1 C1 (A-1, 3) 15x40 15x40 16-20d 24-25d 1.28 % 3.04 %
12-25d+ 1.28 % 2.16 %
C1 C2 (B-1) 15x40 15x40 16-20d
8-20d
C8 C3 (D1-2A) 10x30 10x30 12-25d 18-25d 3.04 % 4.56 %
C9 C4 (B-3) 10x40 10x60 18-25d 40-25d 3.42 % 6.79 %
C8 C5 (C-3) 10x30 10x30 12-25d 20-25d 3.04 % 5.07 %
C8 C6 (D-3) 10x30 10x30 12-25d 20-25d 3.04 % 5.07 %
C8 C7 (D1-3) 10x30 10x30 12-25d 20-25d 3.04 % 5.07 %
C1 C8 (A-5) 15x40 15x40 16-20d 20-25d 1.28 % 2.53 %
C1 C9 (B-5) 15x40 15x60 16-20d 30-25d 1.28 % 2.53 %
C1 C10 (A-6) 15x40 15x40 16-20d 20-25d 1.28 % 2.53 %
C3 C11 (B-6) 15x40 15x60 30-25d 48-25d 3.80 % 4.05 %
C4 C12 (A-7) 20x20 20x35 16-25d 20-25d 3.04 % 2.17 %
C6 C13 (A2-7) 20x30 20x30 30-25d 28-25d 3.80 % 3.55 %
C20 C14 (C1-7) 20x50 20x50 32-25d 30-25d 3.28 % 2.28 %
C1 C15 (A-8) 15x40 15x40 16-20d 24-25d 1.28 % 3.04 %
C5 C16 (A2-8) 20x30 20x30 16-25d 20-25d 2.03 % 2.53 %

Table 5. Comparison of column design

Name Name Grid Previous Revised Previous Revised Rebar % Rebar %
(previous (revised) (cad) Size size Steel Steel provided provided
)
C21 C17 (C1-8) 20x40 20x40 32-25d 44-25d 3.04 % 4.18 %
C2 C18 (E-8) 18x40 18x40 22-25d 28-25d 2.32 % 2.96 %
C7 C19 (E1-8) 15x35 15x35 16-20d 26-25d 1.46 % 3.76 %
C13 C20 (B-9) 20x50 20x50 20-25d 40-25d 1.52 % 3.04 %
C14 C21 (E-9) 20x50 20x50 20-25d 38-25d 1.52 % 2.89 %
C14 C22 (A9-D1) 20x50 20x50 20-25d 36-25d 1.52 % 2.74 %
(E1- 1.52 % 1.82 %
C13 C23 20x50 20x50 20-25d 24-25d
A10)
16- 1.06 % 1.60 %
(10-A1,
C12 C24 20x50 20x50 14-25d 25d+8-
B)
20d
C14 C25 (D1-10) 20x50 20x50 20-25d 24-25d 1.52 % 1.82 %
Eight front columns between grid lines 9 and 10 and a wall on the North-East
corner have a two-floor height between ground floor and 2 nd floor. Slenderness effect
comes into play when free height of columns increases and design of such columns
should be made accordingly. While checking the capacity of these columns, slenderness
effects was taken into consideration. Design of all other columns and shear walls are also
revised and CAD drawings are prepared accordingly. It is suggested that the revised
column design drawings be followed in the construction.
4.5.3 Beams
It has been pointed out in Section 4.4.1 that the section of some of the beams
were revised to meet the loading demand. The design of beams of the project has been
obtained from ETABS. The beam design submitted by the consultant (Appendix-IV) was
checked and some revisions were suggested. Some examples of such suggestions are
shown in Table 6. Based on the suggestions made in Table 6, necessary modifications for
the beam design drawings were made and the finalized drawings are presented in
Appendix-VI.

Table 6: Beam Reinforcement Checking

Bottom Steel Top Steel Size
Provided Provided Steel Suggested Steel Provided Suggested
Suggested Steel Size Size
Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
A 2.06 1.72 3.16 3.44
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D16 St. ext D25 ext + 3-D20 D25 ext +2-D20
ext. ext +1-D25 ext
Mid of A 2.06 1.72 0.96 0.96
TFB-1 and B 12" × 24" 12" × 24"
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D16 St. ext
B 2.06 1.72 3.16 3.16
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D16 St. ext D25 ext + 3-D20 D25 ext +3-D20
ext. ext
A 2.4 2.40 3.16 3.44
3-D20 St.+ 2- 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext. St. D25 ext + 3-D20 D25 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.+ 1-D25 ext.
Mid of A 2.4 2.40 0.96 0.96
and B
3-D20 St.+ 2- 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 ext. St.
B 1.44 2.40 3.16 3.44
TFB-2 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
St. D25 ext + 3-D20 D25 ext.+ 2-D20
Mid of B 1.44 2.40 3.16 3.44
and D1
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
St D25 ext + 3-D20 D25 ext.+ 2-D20
D1 1.44 2.40 3.16 3.44
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

St D25 ext + 3-D20 D25 ext.+ 2-D20
TFB-3 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
D1 1.72 3.44 2.68 2.88
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D20 St. + 3-

D25 St. St.+ 2-D20 St.+ D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.
1-D25 St. ext.


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
Mid of D1 1.72 3.44 0.96 1.44

and E
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. 3-D20 St.
D25 St. St.+ 2-D20 St.+
1-D25 St.
E 1.72 3.44 2.68 4.68
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D20 St.+ 2-

D25 St. St.+ 2-D20 St.+ D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 1-D25
1-D25 St. ext. ext.+ 2-D25 ext.
B 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext. + 2- D20 ext.+ 2-D20
D20 ext. ext.
Mid of B 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
TFB-4 and D 10" × 24" 10" × 18"
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
B 0.93 1.44 1.75 1.44
3-D16 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+1- 3-D20 St.

D16 St.
Mid of B 0.93 1.44 1.75 1.44
TFB-5 and C 10" × 24" 36" × 12"
3-D16 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+1- 3-D20 St.

D16 St.
C 0.93 1.44 1.75 1.44
3-D16 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+1- 3-D20 St.

D16 St.
TFB-6A 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
D 3.24 2.88 4.00 3.84
3-D25 St.+2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 3-D20 St.+ 3-

D20 St. St. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
Mid of D 3.24 2.88 0.96 1.44

and F
3-D25 St.+2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D20 St. 3-D20 St.
D20 St. St.
E 3.24 2.88 4.00 4.88
3-D25 St.+2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 3-D20 St.+ 2-

ext. ext+ 2-D20 ext.
+ 1-D25 ext
A 2.40 2.4 4 3.44
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 St. ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext. + 1-D25 ext
Mid of A 2.40 2.4 0.96 0.96
and B
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 St. ext.
B 2.40 2.4 4 3.16
TFB-7 10" × 24" 10" × 18"
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
ext. ext.
Mid of B 2.40 1.44 0.96 0.96
and D
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 St.
D 2.40 1.44 2.68 2.40
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 St. D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
6 2.40 1.44 1.72 1.27
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 St. D25 ext. D16 ext.
TFB-8 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
Mid of 6 2.40 1.44 2.28 0.96
and 4
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St. 3-D25 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 St.
4 2.40 1.44 6.08 1.27


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
3-D20 St. + 2- 3-D20 St. 3-D25 St. + 5- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 St. D25 ext D16 ext.
A 2.28 2 4.56 4.56
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

St. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 3-D25
ext. ext
Mid of A 2.28 2 1.52 1.52
and B
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St. 2-D25 St.
St.
B 4.56 4.28 6.08 6.08
3-D25 St.+ 3- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

D25 ext. St.+ 3-D25 ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 3-D25
ext.+ 2-D25 ext. ext.+ 2-D25 ext.
Mid of B 4.56 4.28 6.08 6.08
10" × 24" 10" × 24"
TFB-9 and D
+15"x24" + 12"x24"
3-D25 St.+ 3- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-
D 4.56 4.28 6.08 6.08
3-D25 St.+ 3- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

Mid of D 4.56 4.28 1.52 1.52
and E
3-D25 St.+ 3- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St. 2-D25 St.
D25 ext. St.+ 3-D25 ext.
E 4.56 4.28 4.56 4.56
3-D25 St.+ 3- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

ext. ext
A 2.06 0.96 1.44 0.96
3-D20 St. + 2- 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.

TFB-10 D16 ext. D20 ext. 10" × 24" 10" x18"
Mid of A 2.06 0.96 0.96 0.96

and A2
3-D20 St. + 2- 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D16 ext.


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
A2 1.60 0.96 1.44 0.96
3-D20 St. + 2- 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.

D16 ext. D20 ext.
C1 4.56 3.04 2.28 2.88
3-D25 St.+ 3- 4-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 4-D20 St. + 2-

D25 ext. D25 ext. D20 ext
Mid of C1 4.56 3.04 1.52 1.92
TFB-11 and E 15" × 24" 15" × 24"
3-D25 St.+ 3- 4-D25 St. 2-D25 St. 4-D20 St.
D25 ext.
E 4.56 4.56 6.08 8
3-D25 St.+ 3- 4-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D25 St. + 1- 4-D20 St.+ 4-

D25 ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 4-D25
ext.+ 2-D25ext. ext.
A 2.28 2 3.8 4.48
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

D20 ext D25 ext.+ 2- D20 ext.+ 2-D25
D25ext. ext.+ 2-D20 ext.
Mid of A 2.28 2 1.52 1.52
TFB-12 and A2 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St. 2-D25 St.

D20 ext
A2 2.28 2 3.8 3.52
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

D20 ext D25 ext.+ 2-D25 D20 ext.+ 2-D25
ext. ext.
8 2.40 1.72 3.16 3.16
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

TFB-16 D25 St.+ 2- St. D25 ext.+ 3-D20 D25 ext.+ 3-D20 12" × 24" 12"x24"
D20 ext. ext. ext
Mid of 8 2.68 1.72 0.96 0.96
and 6a
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D25 St.+ 2- St.
D20 ext.


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
6a 1.72 1.72 3.16 3.16
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

ext. ext
Mid of 6a 1.72 1.72 0.96 0.96
and 6
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D25 St. St.
6 1.72 1.72 2.68 1.89
2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

ext. ext
6 2.06 1.72 2.96 2.88
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D16 ext. D25 ext D20 ext.+ 2-D25 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 6 2.06 1.72 0.96 0.96
TFB-17 and 4 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.

D16 ext. D25 ext
4 2.06 1.72 2.96 2.88
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D16 ext. D25 ext D20 ext.+ 2-D25 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
4 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 4 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
TFB-17A and 3 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
3 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
TFB-18 10" × 24" 10"x24"


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
4 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.
Mid of 4 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44

and 3
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.
3 1.44 1.44 3.72 3.16
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 3- 3-D20 St.+ 2-

D25 ext. D20 ext+ 1-D25
ext
Mid of 3 1.44 1.44 3.72 3.16
and 2a
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 3- 3-D20 St.+ 2-
D25 ext. D20 ext+ 1-D25
ext
2a 1.44 1.44 3.72 3.16
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 3- 3-D20 St.+ 2-

D25 ext. D20 ext+ 1-D25
ext
6 2.06 2.88 3.24 3.16
3-D20 St.+ 2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D16 ext. St. D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D25 ext+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 6 1.44 2.88 1.52 0.96
and 5
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St. 2-D20 St.
St.
5 2.40 2.88 3.24 3.44
TFB-19 10" × 24" 10"x24"
3-D20 St.+ 2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
Mid of 5 2.40 2.88 3.24 3.44
and 4
3-D20 St.+ 2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
4 2.40 2.88 3.24 3.44
3-D20 St.+ 2- 3-D20 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-



Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
5 1.44 1.44 1.44 0.96
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
Mid of 5 1.44 1.44 1.44 0.96

TFB-20 and 4 10" × 24" 10" × 18"
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
4 1.44 1.44 1.44 0.96
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D1 1.44 0.96 1.44 0.96
3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
Mid of D1 1.44 0.96 1.44 0.96

TFB-20A and E 10" × 24" 10" × 18"
3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
E 1.44 0.96 1.44 0.96
3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
8 2.28 2.28 4.56 3.84
3-D25 St. 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 1- 4-D20 St.+ 4-

D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D20 ext.
ext.
Mid of 8 2.28 2.28 1.52 1.92
and 7
TFB-21 12" × 24" 12"x24"
3-D25 St. 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. 4-D20 St.
7 2.90 2.28 4.56 3.84
3-D25 St.+ 2- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 1- 4-D20 St.+ 4-

D16 ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D20 ext.
ext.
Mid of 7 2.90 2.28 1.52 1.92
and 6


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
3-D25 St.+ 2- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. 4-D20 St.

D16 ext.
6 2.90 2.28 3.52 3.84
3-D25 St.+ 2- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 1- 4-D20 St.+ 4-

D16 ext. D20 ext.+ 2-D25 D20 ext.
ext.
3 2.28 3.04 3.8 3.04
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 2-D25 3-D25 St. + 2- 2-D25 St.+ 2-

St D25 ext. D25 St
Mid of 3 2.28 3.04 3.8 3.04
TFB-22 and 2A 10" × 24" 10" × 24"
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 2-D25 3-D25 St. + 2- 2-D25 St.+ 2-

St D25 ext. D25 St
2A 2.28 3.04 3.8 3.04
3-D25 St. 2-D25 St.+ 2-D25 3-D25 St. + 2- 2-D25 St.+ 2-

St D25 ext. D25 St
6 1.44 1.72 2.4 2.88
3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

St. D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 6 1.44 1.72 0.96 0.96
and 5
3-D20 St. 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
St.
5 2.40 3.16 3.16 3.16
TFB-23 10" × 24" 10"x24"
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
ext. ext.
Mid of 5 2.40 3.16 3.16 3.16
and 3
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
ext. ext.
3 2.4 3.16 3.16 3.16
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

ext. ext.


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
Mid of 3 2.40 3.16 0.96 0.96

and 1
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 ext. St.+ 3-D20 ext.
1 2.40 1.72 3.16 2.88
3-D20 St.+ 2- 2-D20 St.+ 1-D25 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext. St. D25 ext.+ 3-D20 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
8 2.00 2 3.16 2.88
2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

ext. ext.
Mid of 8 2.00 2 0.96 0/96
and 7
2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 St. ext.
7 2.00 2 3.16 3.16
TFB-24 10" × 24" 10"x24"
2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-
ext. ext.
Mid of 7 2.96 2 0.96 0.96
and 6
2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 St.+ 2- ext.
D20 ext.
6 2.96 2 1.44 1.27
2-D25 St.+ 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-D20 2-D20 St.+ 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 St.+ 2- ext. D20 ext. D16 ext.
D20 ext.
8 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
TFB-25A ext. ext. 10" × 24" 10"x24"
Mid of 8 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
and 7
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
7 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 7 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
and 6
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
6 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 6 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
and 5
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
5 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 5 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
and 3
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
3 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 3 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
and 1
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
1 1.44 1.44 2.4 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 2-D20
ext. ext.
D 1.44 2.4 1.44 2.4
TFB-27 10" × 24" 10" × 18"

3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-
St. D20 St.
Mid of D 1.44 2.4 1.44 2.4
and D1


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-

St. D20 St.
D1 1.44 2.4 1.44 2.4
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-D20 3-D20 St. 3-D20 St.+ 2-

St. D20 St.
D1 4.56 2 6.08 4.56
3-D25 St.+ 3- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

D25 ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 3-D25
Mid of D1 4.56 2.28 1.52 1.52
TFB-28 and E1 12" × 24" 12" × 24"
3-D25 St.+ 3- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. 2-D25 St.

D25 ext.
E1 4.56 2.28 6.08 4.56
3-D25 St.+ 3- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

D25 ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 3-D25
10 1.72 1.86 2.4 2.79
2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-

ext. ext.
Mid of 10 1.72 1.86 0.96 0.93
and 9
2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. 3-D16 St.
D25 ext. St.
9 1.72 1.86 3.16 2.79
TFB-29 10" × 24" 10"x24"
2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-

ext. ext.
Mid of 9 1.72 1.86 0.96 0.93
and 8
2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. 3-D16 St.
D25 ext. St.
8 1.72 1.86 1.44 0.93
2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.

D25 ext. St. D20 ext.
TFB-29B 10" × 24" 10"x24"


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
B 0.93 1.44 0.93 1.44
3-D16 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D16 St. 3-D20 St.
Mid of B 0.93 1.44 0.93 1.44

and D1
3-D16 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D16 St. 3-D20 St.
D1 0.93 1.44 0.93 1.44
3-D16 St. 3-D20 St. 3-D16 St. 3-D20 St.
10 1.72 1.86 6.35 2.79
2-D20 St.+ 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-

ext. ext.
Mid of 10 1.72 1.86 3.95 0.93
and 9
2-D20 St.+ 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. 3-D16 St.
D25 ext. St.
9 1.72 1.86 6.35 2.79
TFB-30 10" × 24" 10"x24"
2-D20 St.+ 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-
ext. ext.
Mid of 9 1.72 1.86 0.96 0.93
and 8
2-D20 St.+ 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. 3-D16 St.
D25 ext. St.
8 2.68 2.79 2.4 2.79
2-D20 St.+1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-D16 2-D20 St. + 1- 3-D16 St.+ 3-

D25 ext.+ 2- St.+ 3-D16 ext. D20 ext.+ 2-D20 D16 ext.+ 3-D16
D20 ext. ext. ext.
A 2.90 2.28 4.56 4.32
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. + 1- 3-D20 St.+ 3-

TFB-31 D16 ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D20 ext.+ 3-D20 12" × 24" 12"x24"
ext. ext.
Mid of A 2.28 2.28 1.52 1.44
and A2
3-D25 St. 3-D25 St. 2-D25 St. 3-D20 St.


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
A2 3.24 3.72 4.56 3.44
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St. + 1- 3-D20 St.+ 2-

D20 ext. ext. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 1-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of A2 3.24 3.72 1.52 1.44
and C1
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St. 3-D20 St.
D20 ext. ext.
C1 3.24 3.72 5.52 5.24
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St. + 1- 3-D20 St.+ 3-

Mid of C1 3.24 3.72 1.52 1.44
and E1
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St. 3-D20 St.
D20 ext. ext.
E1 3.24 3.72 6.08 5.24
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 3-D20 2-D25 St. + 1- 3-D20 St.+ 3-

ext.+2-D25 ext. ext.
9 1.44 1.44 2.68 2.88
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
TFB-32 Mid of 9 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96 10" × 24" 10"x24"
and 8
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
8 1.44 1.44 1.72 0.96
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.

D25 ext.
10 1.72 1.72 2.68 2.88
TFB-33 1-D25 St. + 2- 1-D25 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1- 10" × 24" 10"x24"
ext. ext.
Mid of 10 1.72 1.72 0.96 0.96
and 9


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
1-D25 St. + 2- 1-D25 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.

D20 ext. St.
9 1.72 1.72 3.24 2.88
1-D25 St. + 2- 1-D25 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

ext. ext.
Mid of 9 1.72 1.72 0.96 0.96
and 8
1-D25 St. + 2- 1-D25 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
D20 ext. St.
8 1.72 1.72 0.96 0.96
1-D25 St. + 2- 1-D25 St.+ 2-D20 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.

D20 ext. St.
10 1.44 1.44 2.68 2.88
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
Mid of 10 1.44 1.44 0.96 0.96
TFB-33A and 9 10" × 24" 10"x24"
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. 2-D20 St.
9 1.44 1.44 2.68 2.88
3-D20 St. 3-D20 St. 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D20 St.+ 1-

D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 ext.+ 3-D20
ext. ext.
A1 1.44 3.80 2.68 4.88
3-D20 St. 3-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

st. D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 st.+ 3-D20
Mid of A1 1.44 3.80 0.96 2.00
TFB-33B and B 10" × 24" 10"x24"
3-D20 St. 3-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D20 St. 2-D25 St.+ 1-

st. D20 st.
B 1.44 3.80 2.68 4.00
3-D20 St. 3-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D20 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

st. D25 ext.+ 2-D20 D20 st.+ 2-D25


Steel
Beam ID Grid
in2 in2 in2 in2
A1 3.80 3.80 4.56 4.56
3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-

D25 ext. st. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 3-D25
ext. ext.
Mid of A1 3.80 3.80 1.52 1.52
and A2
TFB-34 3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D25 St. 2-D25 St. 12" × 24" 12"x24"
D25 ext. st.
A2 3.80 3.80 4.56 4.56

3-D25 St. + 2- 3-D25 St.+ 2-D25 2-D25 St. + 1- 2-D25 St.+ 1-
D25 ext. st. D25 ext.+ 3-D25 D25 ext.+ 3-D25
ext. ext.
4.5.4 Slabs
The design of the floor slabs has been reviewed on the basis of present analysis
results and it has been found that, the thickness as well as reinforcement of the slabs are
generally adequate, though some minor revisions were necessary. CAD drawings of floor
slabs are revised accordingly.
4.5.5 Basement Walls, Ramps and Stairs etc.
The reinforcement design of basement retaining walls, stairs and ramps are also
checked. It is the general observation that the reinforcement in the retaining walls are
somewhat overdesigned. Steel in the stairs and ramps have been found to be adequate but
conservative.
4.5.6 Ventilation Duct for Generator
It has been mentioned earlier that the main generator of the project is located on
the North-West corner at the 1st basement. In order to vent out the hot air coming from
the radiator of the generator, a vertical duct has been designed on the north side as well

as on the west side of the basement. In the original design by the consultant, this duct
was configured as a continuous and un-interrupted conduit running vertically from the
2nd basement to the ground floor. Under this configuration, it was checked for lateral
earth pressure and was found to be inadequate. In order to rectify the situation and to
support the retaining wall and at the same time to provide adequate void space for hot air
flow, short concrete struts were placed between the basement floor and the retaining wall
(page A-233 in Apppendix VI). This arrangement was essential to avoid collapse of the
outer wall.
4.5.7 Structural Detailing
The structural design drawings prepared by the consultant are reviewed for
detailing and necessary corrections are made where found necessary. In the design
drawings provided by the consultant, beam and slab rebar curtailment locations were
indicated as L/3 or L/4 instead of the actual numerical figure. Such practice is not
recommendable. It is advisable that, in future drawings, the actual numerical figures are
used to indicate the bar curtailment points.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The structural design of Bakul Southbreeze Autograph building has been

thoroughly investigated using a comprehensive 3D finite element analysis. Conventional
static analysis for earthquake, dynamic response spectrum seismic loading, wind and
other loads have been taken into consideration meeting the requirements of BNBC 2020.
Based on the findings of the investigation, comments and suggestions are made where
appropriate which can be summarized as follows:
a. Sway characteristics of the originally designed structure were found to be within

code limits. The revised structural design also meets sway requirements.
b. The thickness of the mat foundation has been found to be adequate in general. The
reinforcement design has been revised where found necessary. Special integral beam
shear reinforcement has been suggested beneath two columns to increase margin of
safety against punching shear failure.
c. The reinforcement design of columns, beams and shear walls are revised where
necessary.

d. Reinforcement design of slabs, walls and ramps are found to be generally adequate.
e. The ventilation duct of generator has been revised to prevent possible collapse and
subsequent hazard.
f. Revised structural CAD design drawings are prepared incorporating all the
modifications and revisions stated above. It is suggested that the revised design
drawings be used for the construction of the building.
Acknowledgement: This report has been prepared with the guidance of Dr. K.M
Amanat which is acknowledged with gratitude.

Amenna

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Bakul Southbreeze Autograph

A Fourteen Storied Apartment Building with

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REVIEW

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING 2

4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN REVIEW 4

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.5.2 Columns, Shear Walls and Lift Cores 17

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

The structural design of Bakul Southbreeze Autograph was prepared by a consultant

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

3.3 Floor System

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

Fig.1: A 3D rendered view of Bakul Southbreeze Autograph (view from south-west)

3.4 Vertical Structural Elements

3.5 Ventilation Duct for Generator

3.6 Vertical Irregularity

4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN REVIEW

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.1 Design Standards

4.2.1 Dead Loads (D)

Reinforced Concrete unit weight, c= 150 lb/ft3

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.2.2 Live Load (L)

Floors (residential area) = 40 lb/ft2

4.2.3 Wind Load (W):

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.2.4 Earthquake Load (E)

4.2.5 Equivalent Static Force Method

The parameters for equivalent static loading are as follows,

Seismic zone = III, zone co-efficient, Z = 0.28 (BNBC 2020, Fig.6.2.24)

Site classification of soil = SD (BNBC 2020, Fig.6.2.13)

Response reduction factor, R = 5 (BNBC 2020, table 6.2.19)

Structural importance factor, I = 1

Structure type for period formula = concrete moment resisting frame

Seismic design category = D

Based on the above input design parameters, design spectral acceleration, Sa =

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.2.6 Response Spectrum Analysis

For response spectrum analysis, normalized response spectrum curve (Cs)

Fig.2 Response spectrum function.

4.3 Finite Element Modeling for Analysis

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.3.1 Axes System

The principal material of construction is reinforced concrete. For the purpose of

Yield strength of steel, fy = 60 ksi and 72.5 ksi

4.3.3 Reinforcement Design

4.3.4 Finite Element Model

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

4.3.5 Stiffness Reduction

In order to account for proper stiffness of reinforced concrete sections, reduction

4.3.6 Boundary Conditions

In any finite element analysis, applying appropriate boundary conditions are

4.3.7 Load Combination

South Breeze Housing Ltd.

Load Case 7: Eqv. static earthquake load in vertical direction (Ev)

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4.4 Analysis and Results

4.4.1 Deflection Characteristics

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Table 1: Sway characteristics of the initial model at roof level.

Deflection characteristics of the building, as indicated in table 1, show that the