COMPLETE AND RETURN IT TO MR.

LLUPO ON THE DAY OF THE CHAPTER TEST

Chapter 2 Workbook NAME: ___________________________________________

Section 2.1 Review - Populations and Resources
Multiple Choice

1. Accelerating growth that produces a J-shaped curve 4. When a population is maintained at its carrying
when the population is graphed against time is capacity, it is said to be
called a. a limiting factor
a. carrying capacity b. growing exponentially
b. exponential growth c. in equilibrium
c. population growth d. inactive
d. sustainable capacity e. unsustainable
e. sustainable growth
5. Which limiting factor is abiotic?
2. Which limiting factor is biotic? a. availability of food
a. availability of caves for shelter b. availability of mates
b. intensity of sunlight c. parasites
c. population size of predators d. predation
d. soil temperature e. weather
e. water temperature
6. Which human activity does not contribute to urban
sprawl?
3. The graph below shows the limiting factors that
a. construction of roads and highways
affect carrying capacity of population of deer.
b. construction of subdivisions
Which factor has the largest effect on the deer
c. development of recycling programs
population?
d. development of shopping centres
e. development outside of city boundaries

7. What changes in the redside dace habitat led to a

reduced carrying capacity for the populations in the
Greater Toronto Area?
a. decreased shade cover around streams and increased
drainage into streams
b. increased shade cover around streams and decreased
drainage into streams
c. increased shade cover around streams and increased
drainage into streams
a. accidents, disease, and weather events d. decreased water temperature in streams and
b. hunting and predation increased pH in streams
c. soil pH e. increased water temperature in streams and decreased
d. starvation pH in streams
e. water availability
8. Which is an example of intensification?
a. building a dog park in the middle of a suburban area
b. constructing a highway that circles around the
outside of a city
c. developing an outlet shopping centre outside the city
d. erecting tall buildings in the city that can be used for
both homes and businesses
e. expanding a subdivision that is located in a rural
community

16 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 2.1 Review - Populations and Resources
Written Answer

9. Identify two environmental conditions that result in exponential growth of a population.

10. Explain why an ecosystem cannot sustain exponential growth of a population.

11. The diagram shows an ecosystem.

a. What limiting factor is indicated by the feature labelled A?

b. How does this factor restrict the size of the population of

deer in this ecosystem?

12. Explain the relationship between carrying capacity and equilibrium.

13. What is urban sprawl?

14. Human activity can both endanger a population and protect a population.
a. How did human activity in the 1800s act as a limiting factor in the northern fur seal population in Canada?

b. How did human activity in the 1900s help restore equilibrium in the northern fur seal population of Canada?

15. What are the benefits of intensification?

16. Identify three negative effects of urban sprawl.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 17

Section 2.2 Review - Interactions Among Species
Multiple Choice
For each question below, select the best answer.
1. Which is an essential biotic niche factor for
a big brown bat?
a. the airspace it flies in when hunting
b. the insects it eats
c. the places it uses for roosting
d. the temperature range it can tolerate
e. the water it consumes
2. The graph below shows the changes in wolf
and moose populations over a period of about
50 years. Which statement best describes the
influence of the moose population on the wolf
population?
a. A few years after the moose population peaks,
the wolf population peaks.
b. The moose population and the wolf population
peak simultaneously.
c. When the moose population peaks, the wolf
population drops immediately.
d. When the moose population peaks, the wolf
population declines over several years.
e. When the moose population peaks, the wolf
population stays the same.
18 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9
3. Which is an example of bottom-up population
regulation?
a. A drought causes grasses to decline, which
reduces the number of grasshoppers. In turn,
this reduces the number of shrews.
b. An explosion in the rabbit population leads
to an increase in the coyote population. Over
time, the higher number of coyotes reduces the
rabbit population.
c. Bald eagle populations decline as a result
of bioaccumulation of DDT in their bodies. As a
result, the rat population of the region increases.
d. Green crabs in the intertidal zone release
chemicals that reduce the feeding behaviours of
snails that eat algae and barnacles. As a result,
the populations of snails decline.
e. In a freshwater stream, bass prey on snail
darters. The darters hide in rocky shelters,
where crayfish prey on them. As a result,
the darter population declines.
4. Which is an example of top-down population
regulation?
a. A disease in oak trees reduces the number
of acorns produced, which reduces the
population of squirrels.
b. A rancher uses pesticides to control the fly
population. The population of spiders and birds
in the area also declines.
c. Heavy rainfall washes away grass seeds in a
local park, so the grass does not grow. As a
result, the grasshopper population declines.
d. Otters are removed from a kelp forest, which
causes the sea urchin population to increase.
e. Upwelling stops in an ocean environment,
which causes phytoplankton to die off, which
reduces the population of fish.
5. Which pair contains a predator and its prey?
a. big brown bat and cave-dwelling bat
b. brook stickleback and nine-spine stickle back
c. coral and algae
d. lynx and snowshoe hare
e. white-tailed deer and brainworm
Section 2.2 Review - Interactions Among Species
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

6. How do many bog plants import nutrients into their 11. According to the graph below, how does increased
environment? competition for food affect a population of song
a. They consume insects. sparrows?
b. They decrease the acidity of the water.
c. They increase the acidity of the soil.
d. They limit the flow of water through the bog.
e. They prevent sunlight from reaching the ground
surface.

7. Which is an example of predation?

a. An earthworm eats soil.
b. A human plants a garden.
c. A shelf fungus grows on a tree trunk.
d. A shrew captures a grasshopper.
e. A squirrel gathers nuts.

8. Which term best describes an organism that is

eaten for food by a predator? a. The birds leave the area to find food.
a. competitor b. The females lay fewer eggs.
b. consumer c. The females lay more eggs.
c. parasite d. The males fight less often.
d. prey e. The males fight more often.
e. producer
12. Which term best describes the relationship between a
9. Which is an abiotic factor that might affect brainworm and a moose?
predator and prey populations? a. competition
a. disease outbreak in the predator population b. intensification
b. extreme weather in the organisms’ range c. mutualism
c. increase in predator population d. parasitism
d. introduction of a new predator to the range e. predation
e. parasite infestations in the prey population
13. Which term best describes a symbiotic relationship in
10. Which pair of organisms competes for the same which both species benefit?
resource? a. competition
a. big brown bat and cave-dwelling bat b. intensification
b. brook stickleback and nine-spine stickle back c. mutualism
c. coral and algae d. parasitism
d. lynx and snowshoe hare e. predation
e. white-tailed deer and brainworm
14. Which pair of organisms displays mutualism?
a. brainworms and deer
b. cave-dwelling bats and big brown bats
c. corals and algae
d. lynx and snowshoe hares
e. wolves and moose

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 19

Section 2.2 Review - Interactions Among Species
Written Answer

17. What is an ecological niche?

18. List three biotic niche factors for a big brown bat.

19. List three abiotic niche factors for a big brown bat.

20. Why are some bog plants carnivorous?

21. Study the diagram below. What type of interaction do the bald eagle and the lizard have?

22. How does bottom-up population regulation differ from top-down population regulation?

23. List three resources over which organisms in an ecosystem compete.

24. How does competition act as a limiting factor in an ecosystem?

20 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 2.2 Review - Interactions Among Species
Written Answer
25. Why do individuals of the same species compete with one another for resources?

26. Describe the strategy used by stickleback fish to decrease competition between populations of different species of
stickleback fish within the same pond.

27. How can competition between species influence the niches of both species?

28. What is symbiosis?

29. What is parasitism?

30. How does coral bleaching demonstrate that the niches of organisms are defined by both biotic and abiotic factors?

31. Give an example of a situation in which the parasite does not seem to harm its host. Explain why the host is not harmed
in this example.

32. Heartworm is a parasite that lives in the heart and lungs of dogs and cats. The graph below shows the number of
heartworm cases reported by veterinarians in one town. What changes occurred from 2005 to 2007 in the number of
cases that were infected while travelling?

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 21

Section 2.3 Review - Human Niches and Population
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. Which adaptation allows humans to survive in a Use the graph below to answer questions 6 and 7.
broad ecological niche?
a. claws and sharp teeth
b. excellent night vision
c. large and complex brain
d. speed
e. venom

2. Which is an example of sustainable use of a

resource?
a. burning fossil fuels
b. cutting large areas of forest land to build homes
c. discarding aluminum cans in a landfill
d. hunting an animal to extinction
e. rationing water during a drought

3. Which factor best explains why the human

population has grown so rapidly over the last
1000 years?
a. Humans have decreased their reliance on natural
resources. 6. An average individual from which nation or
b. Humans have developed physical characteristics territory has the smallest ecological footprint?
that increase their competitive advantage. a. China
c. Humans have discovered how to decrease the b. Hong Kong
competitiveness of other species. c. India
d. Humans have increased the amount of resources d. New Zealand
available on Earth. e. United States
e. Humans have increased the carrying capacity of
the biosphere for the population. 7. An average individual from which nation or
territory has the largest ecological footprint?
4. A pattern of activity that leads to a decline in the a. China
function of an ecosystem is b. Hong Kong
a. doubling time c. India
b. ecological footprint d. New Zealand
c. exponential growth e. United States
d. sustainable use
e. unsustainable 8. Which action will decrease your ecological
footprint?
5. What is the current doubling time of the human a. watching television
population? b. driving
a. 60 years c. recycling
b. 200 years d. using plastic bags
c. 650 years e. flying in airplanes
d. 1000 years
e. 15 000 years

22 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 2.3 Review - Human Niches and Populations
Written Answer
9. How are humans able to survive in hot, sandy deserts and in areas covered by permanent ice sheets?

Use the graph to answer questions 10 and 11.

10. What factor caused the greatest decline in human population between the
years 1000 and 2000?

11. What factors have led to the greatest increases in human population between
the years 1000 and 2000?

12. How does Earth’s current human population compare to the carrying capacity estimated by scientists?

13. What is an ecological footprint?

14. Compare and contrast sustainable use and unsustainable use.

15. How does the typical Canadian’s ecological footprint compare to that of individuals from other nations around the
world?

16. Would consuming fewer resources increase or decrease a person’s ecological footprint?Explain your reasoning.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 23

Section 2.4 Review - Ecosystem Services
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. Which action is not an ecosystem service? 6. The graph below shows the population sizes of
a. conversion of atmospheric carbon into biomass birds that eat flying insects in Ontario. Which
b. cycling of nutrients species has been affected least by limiting factors?
c. pollination of crops and natural vegetation
d. provision of food
e. reduction of drinkable water

2. Which is not a benefit of maintaining sustainable

forest ecosystems?
a. empty space on which to build homes
b. habitat for thousands of species
c. reduction of erosion in watersheds
d. reduction of run-off in watersheds
e. regulation of weather patterns

3. Which ecological service is responsible for

approximately one third of the human food supply?
a. decomposition of materials a. bank swallow
b. exchange of carbon in the atmosphere b. chimney swift
c. pollination of plants c. common nighthawk
d. provision of beautiful scenery d. eastern phoebe
e. provision of clean water e. olive-sided flycatcher

4. Which interaction is the breakdown of organic 7. Which is an example of connectivity?

wastes and dead organisms? a. The population of Galapagos penguins is found
a. competition only in the Galapagos Islands.
b. a colony catastrophe b. Different nations around the world have varying
c. mutualism regulations regarding the use of pesticides.
d. parasitism c. Male pollen from one flower fertilizes the
e. predation female ovary in another flower of the same
species.
5. The unexplained disappearance or diminished d. Monarch butterflies use ecosystems in Canada,
ability of a beehive to support itself is known as the United States, and Mexico during their
a. colony collapse disorder annual migration.
b. decomposition e. Some species of insect can be found in only one
c. desertification tiny patch of South American rainforest.
d. ecotourism
e. self-pollination 8. Which is not a benefit of ecotourism?
a. appreciation of beauty in natural systems
b. destruction of natural habitats to build resorts
c. encouraging sustainable living practices
d. funding local, developing economies
e. increasing understanding of ecological
connectivity

24 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

Section 2.4 Review - Ecological Services
Written Answer

9. Identify six ecosystem services.

10. How does the clearing of large areas of forest result in desertification?

11. Summarize the process of cross-pollination.

12. What three groups of organisms serve as decomposers in ecosystems?

13. The diagram below shows the role of burying beetles in the decomposition of organisms. Write short captions for each
step of the process.

14. What factors complicate the study of the decline in insectivorous birds in Ontario?

15. Give an example of the integration of the concept of connectivity into a sustainability program.

16. Give two examples of holidays a person could plan that would be based on ecotourism.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 25

Chapter 2 Review - Populations and Sustainable Ecosystems
Multiple Choice

For each question below, select the best answer.

Use the diagram below to answer questions 1 and 2. 5. Which term best describes a nature-based,
sustainable form of tourism?
a. connectivity tourism
b. ecotourism
c. ecological footprint tourism
1. Which organism is a tertiary consumer? d. sustainable tourism
a. bullfrog e. unsustainable tourism
b. grass
c. grasshopper 6. Which term best describes what happens when land
d. raccoon that is not desert changes into desert, either as a
e. the Sun result of climate change and unsustainable farming
or water use?
2. Which organism is a primary producer? a. competition
a. bullfrog b. decomposition
b. grass c. desertification
c. grasshopper d. eutrophication
d. raccoon e. intensification
e. the Sun
7. Food, space, and nutrients are examples of
3. Which interaction is most likely to take place a. capacity factors
between a bee and a flower? b. competition factors
a. competition c. limiting factors
b. decomposition d. predation factors
c. mutualism e. sustainable factors
d. parasitism
e. predation 8. Which statement describes a population?
a. a herd of elephants and a herd of antelope in the
4. In which type of interaction does one organism same area
capture and consume another? b. all of the living things within an elephant herd’s
a. competition territory
b. decomposition c. three elephant herds, a zebra herd, and a pride
c. mutualism of lions in the same area
d. parasitism d. three elephant herds that share a territory
e. predation e. two elephant herds and the plants they eat

26 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

Chapter 2 Review - Populations and Sustainable Ecosystems
Written Answer

9. How does clearing trees from a forest affect water absorption in a watershed?

10. What happens to an exponentially growing population when it reaches carrying capacity?

11. The graph below shows the success of plants that are cross-pollinated and of plants that are self-pollinated. If the
pollinating agent, such as a honeybee, were to experience colony collapse disorder, what would happen to the success
of the cross-pollinated plants? Explain your answer.

12. How did the population of elephants in South Africa's Kruger National Park change after the animals became protected
from hunters? Why did this occur?

13. What effect could unsustainable use of resources have on the human ecological niche?

14. Explain the connection between coffee grown in South America and songbird populations in Canada.

15. How does a parasite affect its host?

16. List three ecosystem services provided by forests.

MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 27

Chapter 2 Review - Populations and Sustainable Ecosystems
Written Answer

17. Imagine that a new species has been introduced to a forest ecosystem. The new species is well-equipped to compete in
the ecosystem. Describe how the population of the new species in the forest ecosystem changes over time, assuming a
predator begins to hunt the new species.

18. Form a hypothesis about the effect of space as a limiting factor on a population of mice. Design an experiment to test
your hypothesis.

19. Create a graph that shows how population numbers change when a resource is used at a rate that exceeds the carrying
capacity of the ecosystem. Label the portions of the graph that represent carrying capacity and effect of exceeding
carrying capacity, respectively.

20. Flying squirrels live in holes in dead trees. How would the flying squirrel population change if dead timber were
removed from a region of forest? Explain your reasoning.

21. Both big brown bats and horned owls are flying nocturnal hunters that live in the same area. Their niches overlap, but
the two species cannot both occupy the exact same niche. Give two examples of ways in which the ecological niches of
these two organisms may differ.

22. Hypothesize why no two species have exactly the same ecological niche.

23. Suppose a development company wants to cut down a forested area on the edge of town and build a shopping mall in its
place. The forested area includes a small park. The town council is holding a public meeting to hear people’s opinions
about the proposal. Write a speech that explains the value of the ecosystem services provided by this forested area.

24. The table below contains information about the ecological niches of the brown-headed nuthatch and the redheaded
woodpecker. How do the niches of these two species
overlap? How are the niches different?
Ecological Niches of Two Bird Species

Brown-headed Nuthatch Redheaded Woodpecker

• omnivore that feeds on insects and seeds • omnivore that feeds on insects and seeds

• captures insects in the air and drills into tree bark

• forages for food on bark of trees
to find insects

• lives in woodlands and nests in holes in trees • lives in woodlands and nests in holes in trees

28 MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 978-0-07-031851-9

 Chapter 2 Review - Populations and Sustainable Ecosystems
Written Answer

25. If the top predator in an ecosystem were eliminated by disease and hunting, how would the populations of the
organisms it preys on change? Create a graph that predicts how the population would change over time. On the graph,
indicate what factors caused any changes in the trend.

26. Compare parasitism and mutualism.

27. Write a brief poem or draw a picture to show how an ecosystem can support the spirituality of the people who live
there.

28. Research a local ecosystem. Create a multimedia presentation that identifies the ecological services provided by that
ecosystem. Explain the processes that result
in each service and identify the benefit of that ecological service to humans.

29. In 1988, a small herd of wood bison was released into the wild in the Nisling River watershed of Yukon Territory. The
bison population doubled every three to five years for 10 years. Then the rate of growth slowed and the population size
stabilized.
a. What do you think caused this pattern of population change?

b. If conditions in the ecosystem remain the same, what do you think will happen to
the bison population over the next 10 years? Explain your answer.

Use the graphs at right to answer questions 30 and 31.

30. Explain what happened to the populations of each species when they were
grown together and when they were grown separately.

31. Explain what interaction occurred between the two species when they were
grown together. Identify two factors that limited population growth when
the two species were cultured together. Which species was able to obtain the
resources it needed to survive?

These graphs show the results of a study in

32. Identify four ecosystem services that oceans provide that are beneficial to which two species of paramecia were
humans. cultured separately and together. In both
tests, fresh food was added regularly.
MHR • Unit 1 Sustainable Ecosystems 29