Core Concepts Practice

Solutions

31. After long time of released the velocity becomes constant i.e.,
dv(t )
= 0 or a = 0
dt

Given acceleration is, a = g − bv ......(i)

0 = g - bv [from (i)]
bv = g
g
v =
b
g
Hence, the constant speed after a long time of release is ( b
) .
32. Yes. An object in a uniform circular motion is accelerating but its speed neither decreases nor increases.
33. Change in velocity = v - u = -30 - 30 = - 60 ms-1
34. A body having constant velocity cannot have a varying speed, because velocity is the speed with direction.
35. Relative velocity of one train w.r.t. the other
= 42 - (- 30) = 72 km h-1 = 20 ms -1
Total distance to be travelled by each train to cross other train
= 120 + 80 = 200 m
Time taken by each train to cross other train
= = 10 s
2 00

20

36. Acceleration is greater in the second case because car suddenly comes to halt, the rate of change of velocity is large.
37. Velocity of car, u = 100 km/h
Velocity of bullet in opposite direction, v = 250 km/h
Since observer is on ground, so, for him the velocity of bullet will be (v - u) = 250 - 100 = 150 km/h
38. Not possible
39. 1 : 3
40. Acceleration of object A, a A = tan 30°
Acceleration of object B, aB = tan 60°
a1 tan 30
o

= o
a2 tan 60
1/ √3 1
= =
√3 3

41. Yes, a body can have acceleration without a velocity. Example: When a body is projected vertically upwards with some velocity
then it reaches a certain height. At the maximum height, the velocity of the body is zero but its acceleration is towards the centre
of the earth.
42. it is given that , x = 2t3
Differentiate w.r.t time we get
3
)

= 6t2
d(2t

Velocity, v = dx

dt
=
dt

Differentiate again w.r.t time we get

2
d(6t )

Acceleration, a =
dv

dt
=
dt
= 12t.
43. When the body moves along a straight-line path.
44. Relative speed of A w.r.t. B = 60 - 75 = -15 kmh -1
Distance of A from B after 20 min
= −15 × = -5 km
20

60
45. For uniform motion, the position-time graph is a straight line inclined to time-axis.
46. Change in velocity in the given time interval.
47. We know that, v =
dx

dt

On differentiating w.r.t. t, we get

(a + bt ) = 2bt = 5t m/s [∵ b = 2.5 m]
d 2
v =
dt

At t = 0, v = 0, t =2s and v = 10 m/s

48. An object can be considered a point object if its size is much smaller than the distance travelled by it.
49. An object in simple harmonic motion speeds up while moving from an extreme position to the mean position but its acceleration
is negative.
50. Total distance covered = s1 + s2
s1 s2 s1 v2 + s2 v1
Total time taken = t1 + t2 = v1
+
v2
=
v1 v2

s +s (s 1 + s 2) v1 v2
Average velocity = 1

s1
2
=
s 1 v2 + s 2 v1

v + s v
2 2 1

51. i. Both the curves are representing uniform linear motion.

ii. Uniform velocity of II is more than the velocity of I because slope of curve (II) is greater.
52. The area under acceleration-time graph for any time interval represents the change of velocity of the body during that time
interval.

53.

54. No. it is not possible.

55. Yes, in projectile motion, a body has uniform acceleration in the downward direction while its velocity changes both in magnitude
and direction at every point of its trajectory.
56. No, if the speed is zero, the velocity will be necessarily zero.

57.

The velocity of the particle will be zero because the distance is constant and the time is increasing and this will happen only when
the particle is stationary.
58. Yes, a particle in uniform circular motion has a constant speed but varying velocity because of the change in its direction of
motion at every point.

59. No, the displacement of an object can be either equal to or less than the distance travelled by the object. This is because
displacement is the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of the object while distance travelled is the length of
the actual path traversed by the object.
D isplace me nt

Change in veloci ty Di splacement

60. Acceleration = Ti me taken
= Ti metaken

Ti me taken
= 2
T ime taken

Hence time occurs twice in the unit of acceleration.

 Motion in 2D

41. For one complete revolution, θ = 2π in time period t = T.

Therefore angular speed, ω = 2π

42. Given R A = RB
2 ∘
(√ 2 v) si n(2× 15 ) v2 sin 2θ
or g
=
g

or sin 2 θ = 1 = sin 90o

or θ = 45o
43. Y component of a velocity of 10 m/s = 10 sinθ = 5√2 m/s
–

– √2 √1
= sin θ (5√2) = 2
= 2

Therefore θ sin inverse of 2

= 45 degrees
√1

X-component = 10 cos θ = 10( m/s

–

1
) = 5 √2
√2

→ →
44. ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
A + B = 3 i + 2 j + i − 2 j + 3k = 4 i + 3 k
→ →∣
∣
−−−−−−

2 2
∣ A + B ∣ = √4 + 3 = 5
∣ ∣

∣ → →∣
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
∣ A − B ∣ = 3 i + 2 j − i + 2 j − 3 k = 2 i + 4j − 3 k
∣ ∣

∣ → →∣ − −−
2
−−−
2
−−−−
2
−−

∣ A + B ∣ = √ 2 + 4 + 3 = √ 29
∣ ∣

45. ^i × ^j = (1)(1) sin 90 ∘ ^ ^

k= k

46. For a body thrown horizontally with a uniform speed,

acceleration along horizontal = 0
acceleration along vertical = g
47. Yes
48. Angle between A⃗ and B⃗ = 0o
49. As A⃗ ⊥ B⃗ , so A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ = 0
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ (5 i + 7 j − 3k) ⋅ (2 i + 2 j − αk) = 0

⇒ 5 × 2 + 7 × 2 + (−3)(−α ) = 0

⇒ 3α = −2 4

∴ α = -8

50. A vector perpendicular to the given two vectors will be in the direction of their cross product. The unit vector in the direction of
their cross product will be cross product can be found by using the method of determinant
i+2j+ 2k i+ 2j+2k
− −

=
3
√ 2 2 2
1 +2 +2
−

18 ^ ^ ^
= (−i + 2j + 2k) = −6 i + 12 j + 12k
3

51. Impulse: Impulse is given by the product of force and time. Since force is a vector quantity, its product with time (a scalar
quantity) gives a vector quantity.
52. ∵ A⃗⊥B⃗
⃗ ⃗
⇒ A. B = 0

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(2 i + λ j + k) ⋅ (4 i − 2 j − 2k) = 0

8 − 2λ − 2 = 0

∴ λ= 3

53. The path of the cyclist at R is circular of constant radius 1 km with centre O and he is moving with constant speed 10m/s. So his
motion is uniform circular motion at R.
Hence, the R = 1000 m, v = 10m/s
As we know whenever an object performing circular motion, acceleration is called centripetal acceleration and is always directed
towaeds the centre.
2

∴ aε =
v

R
=
1 0×1 0

1000
=
1

10
= 0.1m/s
2
along RO.
 2

54. Max. horizontal range = = 160 m

u

Max. vertical height = = 80 m

u

2g

55. ^i ⋅ ^ ^ ^ ^
(j × k) = i ⋅ i = (1)(1) coso = 1
56. Here θ = 90 o - 30 o = 60 o
Horizontal velocity = u cos 60o = 19.6 ms -1
= 39.2 ms -1
19.6 19.6
∴ u = ∘
=
cos 6 0 0.5

∴ Maximum height,
2 2
2 2 ∘
( 39.2) √3
= 58.8 m
u sin 60
H = = × ( )
2g 2 ×9.8 2

Horizontal range,
2 ∘
u
2
si n 2 θ ( 39.2) × sin 12 0
R= =
g 9.8
2
( 39.2) √3
= × (
2
) = 135.8 m
9 8
.

57. a⃗ = ^i −
^
2j −
^
3k

⃗ ^ ^ ^
b = 2i −

j −

^
c⃗ = ^
i + 3^
j − 2k

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
(a⃗ × b ) = i (4 + 9 ) + j( −

6 + 1) + k(
−

1 + 4 ) = 13i
−

5j
−

3k

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ^ ^ ^ ⃗ ⃗
(a⃗ × b ) × c ⃗ = (13i −

5j
−

3k) × ( i + 3 j
−

2k) = i(10 + 9) + j(
−

3 + 26) + k(39 + 5)

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
= 1 9i + 23 j + 44k

58. 90°, because ^ ^ ^ ^

(i + j) ⋅ (i − j) = 1.1 - 1.1 = 0
59. ^ ⋅ k
k ^ = (1)(1)cos 0° = 1
60. Yes, at the highest point of the parabolic path.
2

61. R = u si n 2 θ

g
2
30 si n 2 θ
∴ 45 =
10

or = sin 30 o or sin 150 o

1
sin 2θ =
2

∴ θ = 15
∘
or 75o
62. No, the vertical weight cannot be balanced by the horizontal force, however large the two forces may be.
63. Δa = | Δa|⃗ −

⃗ ⃗
64. A
​ rea of parallelogram = | A × B|

⃗ ^ ^ ^
A = i − 3j + k

⃗ ^ ^ ^
B = i + j+ k
−− −−−−
⃗
−−
–

⃗ 2 2
|A × B| = | −

4i + 4k | = √4 + 4 = √3 2 = 4 √ 2
–

Therefore area of parallelogram is 4√ 2 .

∣ ^ ^ ^ ∣
i j k
∣ ∣
65. A ⃗ × ⃗
B= ∣ 3 4 0 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ −3 7 0 ∣

∣ 0∣ ∣ 3 0∣ ∣ 3 4 ∣
^ 4 ^ ^
= i ∣ ∣ −

j∣ ∣ +k ∣ ∣
∣7 0∣ ∣ −3 0∣ ∣ −3 7 ∣

^ ^ ^ ^
= i (0 0) j (0 0 ) + k(21 + 12) = 3 3k
− − −

Area of parallelogram
−−−−−−−−−−−

⃗ ⃗ 2 2
= | A × B | = √0 + 0 + 33
2
= 33 sq. units
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

66. R = √ A + B + 2AB cos θ

2 2

As the angle θ increases from 0° to 180°, the value of cos θ decreases, so the magnitude R of the resultant also decreases.
Ay

67. tan θ = Ax
−−−−−−−−−−−

⃗
68. Here 2 2
A = | A| = √ Ax + A y + A
2
2

−− −−−−−−−− –
2 2 2
= √5 + 0 + 5 = 5√ 2

If vector A ⃗ makes angles α, β and γ with X-, Y- and Z-axes respectively, then
Ax 1
5 ∘
cos α = = = ∴ α = 45
A 5 √2 √2

Ay
0 ∘
cos β = = = 0 ∴ β = 90
A 5 √2

Az 5 1 ∘
cos γ = = = ∴ γ = 45
A 5√2 √2

69. |A ⃗ × ⃗
B| = AB sin θ , this gives area of the parallelogram with adjacent side A ⃗ and B⃗ .
→ → → →
70. Vector perpendicular to a and b is a × b

A corresponding unit vector is given by:

⃗ ⃗
A ×B
^ =
n
∣ ⃗ ⃗ ∣
A ×B
∣ ∣

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