A Detailed Lesson Plan in Reading and Writing for Eleventh Grade

I. Objectives. At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the characteristics of paragraphs and the rhetorical
patterns
2. differentiate the structures of paragraphs through deep
understanding and critical thinking
3. organize thoughts in writing paragraphs in application of values
used in writing

II. Subject Matter.

Topic: Rhetorical Pattens in Paragraph Development
Target Learners: a copy of the examples of paragraphs, board
works (Manila paper)
Materials a copy of the examples of paragraphs, board
works (Manila paper) Reading and
writing books
References Estacio, J.N. (2016). Developing Reading and
Writing Skills. Manila, Philippines. KLEAFS
Publishing

Tiongson, M.T.A. & Rodriguz, M.R.C(2016).

Reading and Writing Skills. Manila. Philippines.
Rex Book Store Inc.

Dayagbil, F.T. et,al. (2016). Critical Reading and

Writing for Senior High School.776 Aurora
Blvd.cor. Boston Street, Cubao, Quezon City,
Metro Manila. Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Value: Good reading and good thinking will lead to
good writing.
Reading and Read thoroughly, write critically.
Writing Idea

III. Procedure

A. Preparation

Facilitator’s Activity Learners’ Activity

A great morning to everyone!
Before we begin our lesson for
today, may I ask (name of
student) to lead us on a prayer. Let us bow down our heads, close our
eyes, and let us silently feel the
presence of God in us through a
prayer. (The class will pray)
Once again, a great morning to
everyone. How are you today?
We are fine, sir. How about you?
I am fine, too. Thank you, class,
so I want to remind you of the
rules and regulations of this class.
You are not allowed to keep your
cellular phone, so please keep
 them inside if you don’t want that Okay, sir.
to be collected.
Yes, sir.
Are we all ready, class?

B. Motivation

Facilitator’s Activity Learner’s Activity

I believe that everybody
experienced writing an essay?
What does essay contain? Sir, an essay contains related
paragraphs, with: Introduction, Body
and Conclusion.
How about a paragraph? What
does it contain?

PARAGRAPH

Sir, a paragraph is a group of words

that deals with a particular point.

Excellent! You have given the two

features of a paragraph. A
paragraph is a group of words,
and it deals with a very specific It is also a group of interrelated
point. What other features of a sentences and it is the building blocks
paragraph that you know? in organizing a piece of text.

(If the students are not able to

give the last definitions, provide Topic sentence, supporting sentences,
them the necessary information. and concluding sentences.
What do you think are the parts of
paragraph?

Excellent! We will identify the

parts with the given examples
later.

C. Presentation

Facilitator’s Activity Learner’s Activity

Our topic for today is all about the
patterns of paragraph development. If
you have books, open it to page __
(The learners will open their book)
What is formal schemata?

Meaning to say, it is the author’s purpose
on how he will be going to give
information to the readers. The first
rhetorical pattern is narration. What do
we mean when we say narration?
Narration is a writing that presents an
explanation or a story. It involves history,
report and record. What are the best
examples of a narrative paragraph?
Anyone?
Excellent! What else?
Excellent! What else?
Excellent! What else?
Here is an example of a narrative
paragraph. Let us read altogether.
What is the topic sentence of the
paragraph?
How about the supporting sentences?
Formal schemata is a reader’s
knowledge on how a text is being
developed.
Narration means you are telling a story
or you are telling the chronology of
events.
Personal Experiences, sir.
Biography, sir.
Love story, sir.
(If they cannot give other examples
anymore, you as the teacher must give
other examples)
The force of the South tower
collapse flattened the building across
the street and a huge plume of smoke
blocked the exit of mayoral party
needed. Guiliani, wearing a gas mask
was led running through a smoke-filled
basement. “We tried one exit, but it
wouldn’t open. We went back upstairs
and things were much worse. The
windows had broken. It was dark,
almost like night time. The clouds were
rushing through the street.
The force of the South tower collapse
flattened the building across the street
and a huge plume of smoke blocked
the exit of mayoral party needed.
Guiliani, wearing a gas mask was led
running through a smoke-filled
basement. “We tried one exit, but it
wouldn’t open. We went back upstairs
and things were much worse. The
windows had broken. It was dark,
 almost like night time.
How about the concluding sentence?
The clouds were rushing through the
street.
What makes it a narrative paragraph?

Because it tells the experiences of the

people during the force of the South
tower collapse.
Excellent! Were you able to understand
what narration is?
Yes, sir. (If not, present another
paragraph.)
The second rhetorical pattern is
description. What do we mean when we
say description?
When we say description, you are
giving characterization, representation,
depiction, illustration or portrayal of
someone or something.
Meaning to say, description is a writing
that provides details on the idea by using
either a sensory or spatial patterns.
When we say sensory patterns, they
are based on senses. When we say
spatial, it arranges ideas by location or
physical space.
Excellent! What are the examples of
descriptive paragraphs?
My Favorite Pet
Excellent! What else?
Life in the barrio
Excellent! What else?
My childhood Memory
Excellent! What else?
My Favorite Subject
Excellent! What else?
(If no one would be able to give other
examples)

Here is an example of a descriptive

paragraph. Let us read altogether.
O’ Leno is a good example of a state
park in Florida. Surrounded by the tall,
shaded woods of a beautiful hardwood
forest, the Santa Fe River disappears
in a large, slowly swirling, tree-lined
pool. After appearing intermittently in
scattered sinkholes, the river rises
three miles down streaming a big boil,
then continues on to meet the
Suwannee and the sea. Nearby,
stands of cypress mirror themselves in
the still waters, walls of dense river
swamp rise before you, sudden

What makes it a descriptive paragraph?
(Recall adjectives if needed)
Let us proceed to the third rhetorical
pattern which is exemplification. What do
we mean when we say exemplification?
Excellent! Exemplification is a writing
which presents the general statement
that provides specific and concrete
examples to expound the main idea. It
gives details, examples, illustration,
representative or a particular idea. Let us
read altogether the example presented.
Why is this paragraph considered as
exemplification?
What are other examples
exemplification paragraphs?
Excellent, class! Let us go to the fourth
rhetorical pattern which is classification.
What do we mean by classification?
Excellent! Classification is a mode of
sinkholes open in the woodlands-rich
with cool ferns and mosses. Farther
from the river, expanses of longleaf
pinelands stretch, stretch across rolling
hills. In the midst of this lovely setting,
you find 65 composites, 10 rustic
cabins, and a pavilion for group
meetings. A diving platform marks a
good place to swim in the soft, cool
waters of the Santa Fe, and conceiving
up this dark river is like traveling
backwards in time in the direction of
original Florida.
It is composed of adjectives that
describe or modify nouns or other
adjectives.
You are giving examples, sir.
Some unknown and poor people rise
from their humble beginnings to the top
of their career at the right time set for
their greatness. Let’s take for instance,
Barack Obama who came from a poor
family. From childhood to adulthood,
his life was never a bed of roses. He
even had some disappointment in his
early years in politics. He lost his bid
for congress before he became a
senator. Now, he is the president of
the most powerful country in the world.
Because it presented an example of a
person who turned from rags to riches.
of
Economic Growth, Functional Skills,
Climate change, sensory perceptions
and hazards.
You are dividing types into examples.
paragraphs that organizes ideas into
categories and divisions based on criteria
and standards. What are the best
examples of a classification paragraph?
Excellent! Here is an example of a
classification paragraph. Let us read it
altogether.
Why is this paragraph considered as
classification?
Excellent, class. Let us go to the fifth
rhetorical pattern which is comparison
and contrast. What is comparison and
contrast?
Meaning to say, comparison and contrast
is a text that organizes ideas based on
how events, places, people, things, and
concepts are similar to or different from
one another. Let us take an example.
Kinds of Literature, natural resources,
qualities of an effective teacher,
literature, love, sciences.
Earthquakes can be classified into
three main types based on the plate
movements. The first type is known as
convergent boundary. Also known as
destructive plate boundary, this type of
earthquake happens when two tectonic
plates move toward each other and
collide. The second type of earthquake
is called the divergent boundary.
During this type of earthquake, two
plates are moved away from each
other resulting in a rift zone. The last
type is called the conservative plate
boundary or transform fault. During this
type of earthquake, two tectonic plates
slide past one another.
Because this paragraph gives the
types of plate movements.
Comparison means you are finding the
similarities. Contrast means you are
finding the differences.
The Earth and Mars are both planets in
the solar system. Many scientists say
that Mars is Earth-like. However, Mars
has lots of mysteries waiting to be
“unearthed”. While earth is teeming
with life, Mars in unknown to have any.
The diameter of the earth is about
7,926 miles (12,756 kilometers); it’s
distance from the sun is 1 astronomical
unit (AU), or about 93 million miles
(150 million kilometres
), on average; and theplanet wide
temperature is 47.3 degrees
Fahrenheit (8.5 Celsius) over land
areas. It’s too hot in summer and too
cold in winter in some parts of the

Why is this paragraph considered as
comparison and contrast?
Excellent! What are the examples of a
paragraph as comparison and contrast?
Excellent! Let us proceed to the next
rhetorical pattern which is definition.
What do we mean by definition?
Excellent! Definition is a rhetorical thing.
pattern that explains information through
the use of illustrations, examples and
descriptions. It involves an outline of
information What are the examples of
definition?
Excellent! Let us read another example
of a paragraph that is categorized as
definition.
Why is it considered as definition?
Excellent! Let us proceed to the next
rhetorical pattern which is cause-effect
pattern. What do we mean by cause-
effect?
Let us read an example.
earth. Mars, on the other hand, has the
diameter of 4,222 miles (6,794
kilometers), or 53 percent that of earth;
it’s distance from the sun is
approximately from 1.381 AU; and it’s
planet wide temperature is -67 degrees
Fahrenheit (-55 celsius). It’s too cold
most of the time and freezing in most
places in Mars.
Sir, because it compares the planet
Mars and Earth.
My Brother and my sister, sir.
Definition gives meaning to a certain
What is LGBT?, sir.
Social engineering is defined as any
method which tricks people to share
personal information through the use
of technology. The social component in
this scheme means that there is
reliance on various psychological tricks
and on the gullibility of users rather
than technical hacking. Social
engineering also refers to various
malicious acts online, such as
phishing, spamming and pretexting.
Because it gives meaning to social
engineering.
Sir, cause-effect pattern is a paragraph
that gives the reason and outcomes of
why a certain thing occurs.
Since my daughter has been in
daycare she has become better at a
few different things. To start off, her
vocabulary is much larger and more
 developed. Before she started
daycare, my daughter had a few select
words she would say like: momma,
dada, cocoa (one of the puppies), and
some other simple words. Now she
tries to repeat everything that is said.
Another result of her being in daycare
is that she has the ability to interact
with other children better. In the past,
she was only around one child. Now
she is around about six to eight kids,
and she has learned to share has
carried over at home when she tells
her daddy or me that it’s in turn or
mommy’s turn when putting her socks
on. A third outcome of her being in
daycare is the fact that she is
becoming more self-reliant. Before
daycare, she wouldn’t try very hard to
help me with getting dressed, but now
she wants to try to do it all on her own.
She puts her pull ups on and tries to
pull on her shirts and pants herself.
Socks still go on upside down, but at
least her shoes go on the correct feet I
am really glad that I decided to put her
in a daycare, for the benefits have
been great.
Why is this considered as cause and
effect?
(The students will recite)
Next, rhetorical pattern is persuasion.
What do we mean by persuasion?
Persuasion means to convince
Excellent! Persuasion is a rhetorical someone.
pattern used to convince the readers to
agree with the author about an issue. Let
us take an example.
Laughter is one of the greatest healing
devices known to man. Laughter is
powerful and can help people in many
different ways. It has the power to cure
something as little as a bad day or to
heal the wounds of a terminally-ill
person. Laughing has help create the
smile which is the universal sign of
well-being. Generally, individuals who
do not laugh live miserably and have
unhappy lives. Doctor Robert Holden
found out that smiling and laughing
releases endorphins in the brain which
give people an overall happy well-
being. Using comedy, many doctors
have stimulated the healing process in
manic depressants and fatally ill
 patients giving them hope and
ambition. In many clinics laughter is
being used in replacing anti-
depressants and reduces the need for
pain killers. Take comedians for
example, they usually live long and
happy lives. Putting a smile on faces
and laughs in souls is what makes life
complete. Laughter helps heal people
and brightens spirits for a better and
healithier life. Laughing is a sign of joy
and hope and keeps people and the
world happy. Laughter is the universal
sign of well-being and happiness within
health.
Understand, class?
Yes, sir.
So, let us proceed to the last rhetorical
pattern which is problem-solution. What
is problem-solution?
Problem-solution is a type of
paragraph that gives details to
problems and its possible solutions.
Excellent! Let us take an example.
Over the centuries, the Chinese
created a marvellous history of making
silk cloth. Legends record that about
2640 BC, a Chinese Empress, Si-Ling-
Chi watched the little silkworms spin
cocoons in the mulberry tree. She
unwound one of the threads from a
cocoon. It was one very long strand of
shiny thread. Little did she know that
silk has the longest strand of any
natural plant or animal fibre. The
challenge was to develop some kind of
winding device so that the silk thread
could be made into cloth. No one
knows for sure when the Chinese first
developed silk winding machines.
However, there is mention of such
devices in Chinese Dictionaries in 2nd
century AD. Actual spinning wheels
however, came much later, perhaps
the 11th century.AD. Even today, China
is the world’s leading producer of
quality silk cloth.
(The teacher will let the students identify)

D. Generalization
(The teacher will ask the students to
summarize the description of each
rhetorical patterns)

E. Application
Give 1 example of title of each rhetorical
pattern.

IV. Evaluation
A 9-item test will be given, with 5 points
each

V. Assignment
Choose one topic that you can develop
using any of the discussed rhetorical
patterns.