Chapter 4

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

The primarily goal of this phenomenological study was to determine the

writing difficulties and opportunities encountered by Humanities and social science

student in practical research 2.

There were three subheadings in this chapter: (1) Difficulties encountered by

Humanities and Social Science students in practical research 2, (2) opportunities

encountered by Humanities and Social Science students in practical research 2, (3)

suggestions of Humanities and social science students in writing practical research 2.

Each subheading has different themes that discussed in this chapter. The

difficulties encountered by HUMSS students in practical research 2 have five themes:

1. Choosing or selecting research topic that are researchable area of interest. 2.

Having a low foundation of knowledge about practical research 2 or inexperience in

academic writing. 3. Finding relevant literature and study, synthesizing the literature.

4. Mathematics approach in analyzing the results in findings and discussions. 5.

Formulating the statement of the problem in chapter 1.

Then the opportunities encountered by HUMSS students in practical research

2 have eight themes: 1. Develop critical thinking skills. 2. Improve writing skills. 3.

Gain knowledge about plagiarism and literature sites. 4. Enhanced communication

skills. 5. Vocabulary development. 6. Improvement of problem-solving ability. 7.

Preparation for college thesis writing. 8. Increase confidence in writing academic

papers.

Lastly, the suggestions of HUMSS students in writing practical research 2

have four themes: 1. Consulting experts to provide valuable feedback and improve the
 31

research paper. 2. Efficient time management when writing pr2. 3. Prioritize research,

stop procrastination. 4. Invest more patience in writing pr2.

Table 1: Difficulties encountered by HUMSS students in writing practical

research 2
Theme Sample Statement Frequency

Choosing or selecting “Selecting a topic can be 2

research topic that are the most challenging part

researchable area of of a research, since this is

interest. the very first step in

writing a paper” -HS1201

Inexperience in academic “I find difficult to write 2

writing. practical research 2

because my skills in

writing is not enough and I

have a low knowledge in

writing academic papers.

(translated)” -HS1208

Finding relevant literature “It’s hard for me to write 6

and study, synthesizing the the part of the chapter 2

literature. because we have to fin a

lot of related literatures

and studies, and we have

to connect all of that to our

study. (corrected)”

-HS1214

Analyzing the results in “It is difficult to write the 3

 32

findings and discussions part of the chapter 4,

because there is a lot of

process in or to find the

results and the findings of

study. (translated)

-HS12O5

Formulating the research “For me it is difficult to 3

title formulate a research title

because you have to find

the statement of the

problem after formulating

research title. (corrected)

-HS1211

Theme 1: Choosing or selecting research topic that are researchable area of

interest.

The student-researcher find difficulties in selecting a research topic, because

Selecting the right topic is the first step in the research journey towards, this is just

like the root or the foundations of the research paper

“The research is a challenging business and all of its phases have their own

special characteristics. But the beginning is probably the most difficult part since a

small and thin tranche of the slice of an entire pie has to be selected”. Muhammad

Jamaluddin Thaheem (2020) said

 33

“The challenges or the difficulties that I encountered in writing practical

research 2 is having a hard decision in choosing the best topic that are fit to our area

of interest” -HS1214 said

“One of the most difficult things about doing research is finding a good topic.

Finding an area of interest is usually no problem, but discovering a specific topic

within that area can be challenging or even frustrating” Jim Alderman (2014) said

Theme 2: Inexperience in academic writing.

The student-researchers find difficulties in writing practical research 2 because

of the low foundation or in experience of the student-researchers in writing academic

papers.

One of the factors that affect HUMSS students in writing practical research 2

is “Inexperience in academic writing is a common problem among students.

Developing your academic writing skills does not occur naturally and involves

sustained individual effort and persistence. It is common for university students to

progress through their undergraduate degree or even postgraduate study lacking a

clear grasp of what is expected in academic writing, and how their own writing differs

from other types of writing such as journalistic or creative writing” Andre Broome

(2020) said

“Isa sa mga hamon na nakakaapekto sa pag-sulat ng praktikal na pananaliksik

2 ay ang hindi ko kasanayan sa pag-sulat at kulang pa ang aking kaalaman sa pagsulat

nito” -HS1208 said

“I encountered a lot of difficulties in practical research 2, because during

practical research 1 we were in modular distance learning, so we didn’t focus on this

subject and that’s why I struggled a lot in doing research paper” -HS1209 said
 34

Theme 3: Finding relevant literature and study, synthesizing the literature.

The student-researcher find difficulties in finding relevant literature this

process may also identify gaps in the existing database, these gaps need not

necessarily be used to formulate a new research question.

“One of the biggest issues that PhD students and researchers might face while

working on their research projects is the difficulties in writing review of related

literature (also referred to as RRL). While the terms literature review and review of

related literature are often used interchangeably, there is a slight difference. A

literature review is an in-depth analysis of existing studies to identify gaps, which are

then used to formulate a new hypothesis for your research” Madhura Panse (2023)

said

“The part that is difficult to write in practical research 2 is the chapter 2,

because you have to find related literature and studies that are connected to your

studies you have to connect the collected rrl’s to your study” -HS1214 said

“Researchers often struggle while trying to understand the different types of

literature that should be included in the review. Maintaining a balance between

including the most fundamental studies in the topic of interest, with the latest updates

regarding the topic, is one of the common difficulties in writing review of related

literature. Most often, what makes it difficult to do a review of related literature is

maintaining an unbiased perspective toward the entire process” Madhura Panse

(2023) said

Theme 4: Analyzing the results in findings and discussions

 35

The researchers find difficulties in analyzing the huge data or information in

chapter 4 findings and discussions because of the mathematic approach in quantitative

and the long process of this part.

“Student-researcher find difficulties in writing practical research 2 through

organization and through analysis of the research's findings. Students were required

to receive training in data interpretation and result analysis in order to develop

research outcomes. In analyzing the result of the research paper can caused students to

have difficulties in doing it because of the mathematics approach in quantitative

research or practical research 2.” Somerna (2019) said

“Nahihirapan ako sa pagsulat ng chapter 4 dahil kailangan mong I interpret

lahat ng mga na gather na data at napakaraming mga proseso pa nito may math pa” -

HS1204 said

Student-researcher find difficulty in analyzing the data collected “Data are

collected from respondents and then converted into statistics. this usually poses as a

limitation to a researcher who is not an expert in statistics. analysis of collected data is

also demanding and time consuming. a researcher needs to make such information

collected into numerical data and correlate them with the larger population. Where

this is not properly done, it means that the outcome might be false or misleading”

Edeh Samuel (2021) said

Theme 5: Formulating the research title

Student-researcher find difficulties in formulating research title because it has

to be creative and connected to the study and sometimes in the research proposals

titles are on e of the part that requested revisions.

 36

“Title is an important part of the article. It condenses article content in a few

words and captures readers' attention. A good title for a research article is the one

which, on its own, is able to introduce the research work to the fullest extent, but in a

concise manner. Writing scientific titles that are informative and attractive is a

challenging task. This communication describes the importance of titles and the

methods of creating appropriate titles for research papers” Sandeep Bavdekar (2016)

said

“Isa sa mga hamon na kinaharap ko sa pagsulat ng practical research 2 ay

yung hindi nakapasa yung research title naming nung proposal defense” -HS1212 said

Some student-researcher failed in proposal defense or title defense and this

situation can also lead to their challenges and difficulties in writing their research

paper “the research title defense is a part where you will face a panel of evaluators to

defend or explain to them what you want to learn about your thesis or proposed

research titles. Some schools and institutions organize committees to screen and

criticize research titles before they are allowed to proceed with the actual research”

Cueve Draven (2023)

Table 2: Opportunities Encountered by HUMSS students in writing practical

research 2

Theme Sample Statement Frequency

Develop critical thinking “The opportunities that I 2

skills encountered as I write pr2

is my improvement as a

student to develop my

critical thinking skills, and

 37

this I will be used in my

future writing” -HS1211

Improve writing skills “It enhanced mu skills in 4

writing” -HS1207

Gain knowledge about “The opportunities that I 2

plagiarism encountered in writing

practical research 2 is to

be well known about the

proper citation and to

avoid plagiarism”

(translated)

-HS1205

Enhanced communication “Gaining more 4

skills communication skills”

(translated) -HS1203

Vocabulary Development “Expand my vocabulary 2

and I learn not to believe

in fake news” -HS1206

Improvement of problem- “It enhanced my problem- 1

solving ability solving skills” -HS1202

Preparation for college “practical research 2 will 2

thesis writing be training or preparatory

stage for us to be well

prepared in college thesis

writing” (translated)
 38

-HS1208

Increase confidence in “When writing pr2 it 1

writing papers increased my confidence

and help me to freely

express my ideas in a

natural way or based on

my personal experiences

in life” (translated and

corrected) -HS1210

Theme 1: Develop critical thinking skills

Student-researcher develop their critical thinking skill whenever writing

practical research 2 because they read reliable information that are connected to their

study.

“Research can help develop critical thinking skills. According to Indeed.com,

critical thinking can help you identify reliable sources of information that you can cite

in your research paper. It can also guide your own research methods and inform your

own arguments” Herrity Jennifer (2023) said

“The opportunities that I encountered in writing practical research 2 is my own

improvement and to develop my critical thinking skills in every parts or chapter of

practical research 2” (corrected) -HS1211 said

Theme 2: Improve writing skills

 39

Practical research can help the student researchers to improve their writing

skills these may serve to them as their practice for their skills in writing to be

enhanced.

“Research can help develop writing skills of students. “the aim of the research

is to improve the writing skills of students with procedure-based gradual writing

training practice by positively changing their writing perception, attitude and

motivation, anxiety and fear, lack of education, writing difficulties, and writing

process” Uzeyir Sugumlu (2020) said

“Practical research 2 helps me to write creatively it serve for me as a guide as I

write my academic paper” (corrected) -HS1207 said

“Nadadagdagan ang aking kaalaman sa pagsulat at sa mga proseso na dapat

gawin sa pagsulat ng mga papel pang akademiko. -HS1214 said

“Sa pamamagitan ng practical research 2 mas natutunan kong sumulat ng mga

iba’t ibang papeles na may kaugnayan sa akademikong pagsulat sa eskwelahan”

-HS1206 said

Theme 3: Gain knowledge about plagiarism

Practical research 2 can significant to student-researchers to be educated about

proper citation whenever they used another study to their study to avoid plagiarism.

“The primary purpose of research is to gain a better understanding of some

topic of interest or importance. Plagiarizing takes away that trustworthiness and

authencity, and the research paper fails to impress the readers”

 40

“Isa sa mga opportunidad na na-encounter ko sa pagsulat ng praktikal na

pananaliksik 2 ay ang pagiging masuri sa bawat website upang hindi ako

maplagiarize” -HS1205 said

Theme 4: Enhanced communication skills

One of the opportunities brought by practical research 2 is it enhanced the

communication skills of the student-researcher in gathering data to their respondents,

it practiced their skills as a student.

“Communication not only conveys information, but it encourages effort

modifies attitudes, and stimulates thinking. Without it, stereotypes develop, messages

become distorted and learning is stifted. Communication is the process of

understanding and sharing information where communication plays an important

role” Davies Leas, M.Ed (2020) said

“Research can help students to communicate towards other students in terms

or thru the interview or survey part of practical research” Galos (2019) said

“Ang opportunidadna naranasan ko sa pagsulat ng praktikal na pananaliksikay

mas na-enhance ang communication skills ko” -HS1203 said

Theme 5: Enhanced Vocabulary Development

Practical research 2 can enhanced the vocabulary of the student-researchers in

discovering new words in writing their research paper.

“Vocabulary is one of the most important language components in learning

English” (Nation, 2001). “Learning vocabulary can help students in studying English

and support them in mastering the other language components” Thornbury (2002).
 41

“Research increase the student interest and motivation in learning vocabulary

by reading interesting topics from different websites they can learn siome new words

that can be added or contribute to their vocabulary” Nur Hidayat (2016) said

“Isa sa ambag ng praktikal na pananaliksik 2 sakin ay mas napapalawak nito

ang vocabulary ko at hindi na ako mabilis napapaniwala sa mga fake news”

Theme 6: Improvement of problem-solving ability

“Having excellent research skills can also improve your ability to solve

problems. Research abilities make it easier to identify and understand issues, it can

also make finding solutions easier because you can better analyze the problem, find

and analyze relevant information and apply it to your specific situation” Collyer

Quay (2023) said

“One of the opportunities that I encountered in writing practical research 2 is it

improve my problems solving skills” -HS1202 said

“Studies reveal that research helps restore and protect memory and enhances

mathematic and problems solving skills” It research about a topic entirely new to

students, it will help them build their unique perspective about it. The whole process

of research opens new doors of learning and literary growth” Abdul Azim (2020)

Theme 7: Preparation for college thesis writing

Practical research 2 is like a training ground to students to practice their

writing skills for them to be ready in their higher education as they pursue college

“Research gives you a way to strengthen your knowledge, you get to know

about what is being evolved, get accuracy of facts and the impact of external and
 42

internal factors. With the help of research on senior high school students can express

their thoughts and ideas comprehensively in writing their papers” David Zhu (2020)

“Ang praktikal na pananaliksik 2 ay naihahanda nito ang aking sarili sa mga

darating na Gawain sa susunod ko na baiting at para alam ko na ang aking mga

gagawin. Ang research ay parang traing field siya para sakin para ako lubos na

mahubog sa pagsulat” -HS1208 said

“Practical research 2 can help me when I got to my college journey” -HS1202

said

Theme 8: Increase confidence in writing papers

Practical research 2 can increased the self esteem of the student-researcher as

they write other academic papers, because practical research 2 serve as a practice to

them to write academic papers.

“In writing practical research 2 everyday whenever we go to school, it

increased my confidence as a writer to produce an academic paper, that I can put my

own ideas and thoughts that came from me naturally” -HS1210 said

“Writing research papers can help increase confidence in writing other papers

A good outline is a roadmap for success. In addition, writing research papers is an

ideal way to organize thoughts, craft narratives or make arguments based on research,

and share your newfound knowledge with the world” Cutrara Joanna (2018) said

“The primary way you can improve your writing is by writing regularly. The

second is by reading regularly.

 43

When we learn how to talk, we learn sentence structure by listening to how

others speak. When we learn to write, we learn how to structure written sentences by

reading what others have written” Cutrara Joanna (2018) said

“Writing practical research helped me to be creative on writing academic

papers” -HS1207 said

Table 3: Suggestions of Humanities and social science students in writing

practical research 2.
Themes Sample Statement Frequency

Consult experts to provide “Seek help from teacher 4

valuable feedback and researcher for the paper to

improve writing be checked and revised as

soon before defense”

(translated) -HS1213 said

Efficient time “Make a proper time 6

management management focus and

neglect unnecessary things

that will eat all your time”

(corrected) -HS1214 said

Stop procrastinating “Do your research on time 3

and do procrastinate in

doing it” -HS1204 said

Invest more patience “Have a courage to do 2

thing and always have

patience in writing, have a

gut to do things you never

 44

done before” -HS1207

said

Theme 1: Consult experts to provide valuable feedback and improve writing.

The suggestions of the student participants to future HUMSS researcher is to

always consult experts for their study to be reliable and corrected.

“I believe very profoundly in the power of learning with and from others,”

says Brennan. “It’s incredibly exciting to have your work seen by others, to have

others respond to it

One of the greatest obstacles to creative work is fear, fear of being wrong, fear

of not looking smart in front of others, so receiving feedback from others can feel

overwhelming. To help build a community that can learn together and from one

another, the design team intentionally included activities that allow students to

practice giving, receiving, and making sense of feedback about their projects. These

activities can be done in pairs, small groups, or with the whole class. Students can

give both verbal and written feedback. Brennan (2022)

“Part of being a creative agent in the world is making sense of the feedback

you get, listening to other people’s opinions, making sense of those, taking what is

going to be helpful for you, and put aside that which is not helpful” Brennan (2022)

“Sa paggawa ng praktikal na pananaliksik mas maigingf humingi ng tulong

mula sa guro upang bigayang linaw ang iyong pananaliksik” -HS1213 said

“Always listen to your teacher and help one another so that your leader won’t

do it all by herself/himself”-HS1201 said

 45

Theme 2: Efficient time management

The participants suggest that the researchers should practice using btheir time

wisely.

“I overcome this writing difficulties by doing our research task ontime so that

I will never be boombarden by all the task on our research paper” (translated)

– HS1209 said

“Nalalagpasan ko ang kahirapan sa pagsulat ng prakikal na pananaliksik sa

pamamagitan ng paggawa sa tamang oras upang hindi ako matambakan ng Gawain” -

HS1205 said

“Bigyan ng tamang oras ang pagsulat ng praktikal na pananaliksik 2 dahil

hindi iti biro” -HS1213 said

“To be a successful researcher, it is important to remain focused on your work.

This can be accomplished by effectively managing your time. Effective time

management can make you more productive as a researcher and minimize the factors

that drain your time such as procrastination and interruptions” Enago Academy

(2021)

“Time management plays a vital role in improving student’s academic

performance and achievements. Each and every student should have time

management ability which includes setting goals & priorities, using time management

mechanism and being organized in using time. Here time management is only

possible through self-motivation; performance, ability and motivation (Brigitte,

Claessens, Eerde, & Rutte, 2005).

Theme 3: Stop procrastinating

 46

Student-researcher suggest that the future HUMSS students should not

procrastinate in doing their research paper because it can cause a negative effect on

their research output.

“One of the most common threats that a research paper faces is

procrastination. This is a topic most people are already very familiar with. It is human

nature to want to avoid things that cause stress or other negative feelings. With that

said, putting the work off will only serve to make the project harder in the long run

and very likely will result in a paper with only a fraction of the potential it could have

had if enough time had been allocated” According to the article Maricopa.edu.com

“Do not procrastinate in doing your research paper because it leads into a

problem in your paper” -HS1209 said

“Maging seryoso at mag focus sa pag-gawa nito dahil once na natapos ito

ibang saya at ang sarap sa pakiramdam” -HS1214 said

“Have a courage to do your research paper, do not procrastinate” -HS1207

said

Theme 4: Invest more patience

The participants suggest to the future HUMSS research to invest more

patience in writing practical research 2 because it has a long process in gathering data.

“Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.” Aristotle said

“In writing practical research 2 you must have a lot of patience in writing research

paper and you should understand it also. -HS1210 said

“Maraming revisions na magaganap sa research pero dapat mong maging

mapag pasensya” -HS1215 said

 47

“Doing anything well takes patience and time! You need to have the time to

practice your skills until you can write really well, and you need to be patient in order

not to give up before you do get to be a good writer” Wiki uhser (2010)