Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5ꎬ 296-306
Psychology: Techniques and Applications
人工智能心理咨询的发展与应用
李敬荣 赵 然 张 玉
( 中央财经大学社会与心理学院心理学系ꎬ 北京 100081)
理咨询行业存在服务体系不完善ꎬ 相关法律缺失
1 引言
等问 题 ( 刘 燊ꎬ 柏 江 竹ꎬ 2022ꎻ 傅 小 兰ꎬ 张 侃ꎬ
世界格局多变ꎬ 全球疫情形势严峻ꎬ 大众也 2019) ꎮ 国内心理服务平台简单心理 (2021) 发布
面临着更多的心理挑战ꎬ 当下年轻人的心理健康 的 2020 大众心理健康洞察报告显示ꎬ 超过 80% 的
状况不容乐观ꎬ 尤其是面临城市化和互联网化带 受访者表示有过抑郁、 焦虑等情绪困扰ꎬ 78 34%
来的生活压力ꎬ 抑郁症、 拖延症、 焦虑症、 强迫 的受访者认为心理健康问题很重要ꎮ 人们对心理
症、 社交恐惧症等新型心理问题正在成为流行的 健康前瞻性和预防性的需求大幅增加ꎬ 政府也随
“ 时代病” ꎮ 一 项 2018 年 的 调 查 表 明ꎬ 中 国 约 有 之出台相应政策ꎬ 国家发展和改革委员会规划司
41 1%的抑郁障碍患者共病其他精神障碍ꎬ 其中 (2021) 发布 « 中华人民共和国国民经济和社会
29 8%的患者共病焦虑障碍ꎬ 13 1%的患者共病物 发展第十四个五年规划和 2035 年远景目标纲要» ꎬ
质使用障碍ꎬ 7 7%的患者共病冲动控制障碍ꎬ 研 其中第四十四章第一节 “ 构建强大公共卫生体系”
究结果还显示ꎬ 大多数抑郁障碍患者均存在明显 中指出要 “ 完善心理健康和精神卫生服务体系” ꎻ
社会功能损害ꎬ 且卫生服务利用率很低ꎬ 很少获 第五十五章第一节指出 “ 健全社会矛盾综合治理
得充分治疗 ( 黄悦勤ꎬ 2018) ꎮ 机制ꎮ 健全社会心理服务体系和危机干预机制” ꎮ
同时民众对心理健康的需求巨大ꎬ 有研究表 可见我国政府与国民都 相 当 重 视 心 理 健 康 问 题ꎬ
明 88%的受访者认为心理健康工作重要ꎬ 但在实 心理咨询行业也逐渐被大家关注和接纳ꎮ
际生活中ꎬ 国民感知到心理咨询服务不便利ꎬ 心 在美国ꎬ 每 100 万人口就有 1000 人(1000 ∶ 1)
296
5期 李敬荣 赵然 张玉: 人工智能心理咨询的发展与应用 297
或帮助用户 相 互 交 流ꎬ 以 获 得 支 持 和 社 会 联 系ꎻ 提出了基于人工智能技术的心理识别———生态化
别建立心理健康预测模型和主观幸福感网络预测 机器人小丘是国内基于 文 本 方 式 的 对 话 机 器 人ꎬ
results. CyberPsychology & Behaviorꎬ 5 (2) ꎬ 95-105. hlerꎬ S.ꎬ Trösterꎬ G.ꎬ ... & Lukowiczꎬ P. (2014) . Smart ̄
Cherryꎬ C. O. B.ꎬ Chumblerꎬ N. R.ꎬ Richardsꎬ K.ꎬ Huffꎬ A.ꎬ phone ̄based recognition of states and state changes in bi ̄
Wuꎬ D.ꎬ Tilghmanꎬ L. M.ꎬ & Butlerꎬ A. (2017). Expanding polar disorder patients. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and
stroke telerehabilitation services to rural veterans: A quali ̄ Health Informaticsꎬ 19 (1) ꎬ 140-148.
tative study on patient experiences using the robotic stroke Haoꎬ B.ꎬ Liꎬ L.ꎬ Liꎬ A.ꎬ & Zhuꎬ T. ( 2013) . Predicting
therapy delivery and monitoring system program. Disability mental health status on social media a preliminary study on
and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technologyꎬ 12 (1)ꎬ 21-27. microblog . 5th International Conference on Cross ̄Cultural
Darcyꎬ A. M.ꎬ Louieꎬ A. K.ꎬ & Robertsꎬ L. W. ( 2016) . Designꎬ Las Vegasꎬ NVꎬ United States.
Machine learning and the profession of medicine. Journal of Hosnyꎬ A.ꎬ Parmarꎬ C.ꎬ Quackenbushꎬ J.ꎬ Schwartzꎬ L.
the American Medical Associationꎬ 315 (6)ꎬ 551-552. H.ꎬ & Aertsꎬ H. J. (2018) . Artificial intelligence in radi ̄
Daweꎬ J.ꎬ Sutherlandꎬ C.ꎬ Barcoꎬ A.ꎬ & Broadbentꎬ E. ology. Nature Reviews Cancerꎬ 18 (8) ꎬ 500-510.
( 2019) . Can social robots help children in healthcare con ̄ Joransonꎬ N.ꎬ Pedersenꎬ I.ꎬ Rokstadꎬ A. M. M.ꎬ & Ihle ̄
texts? A scoping review. BMJ Paediatrics Openꎬ 3 ( 1) ꎬ baekꎬ C. ( 2015) . Effects on symptoms of agitation and
1-16. depression in persons with dementia participating in robot ̄
Deryuginaꎬ O. V. (2010). Chatterbots. Scientific and Technical assisted activity: A cluster ̄randomized controlled trial.
Information Processingꎬ 37 (2)ꎬ 143-147. Journal of the American Medical Directors Associationꎬ 16
Diehlꎬ J. J.ꎬ Schmittꎬ L. M.ꎬ Villanoꎬ M.ꎬ & Crowellꎬ C. (10) ꎬ 867-873.
R. (2012) . The clinical use of robots for individuals with Kimꎬ T. W.ꎬ & Duhachekꎬ A. (2020). Artificial intelligence
autism spectrum disorders: A critical review. Research in and persuasion: A construal ̄level account. Psychological
Autism Spectrum Disordersꎬ 6 (1) ꎬ 249-262. Scienceꎬ 31 (4) ꎬ 363-380.
Fitzpatrickꎬ K. K.ꎬ Darcyꎬ A.ꎬ Vierhileꎬ M. (2017) . Deliv ̄ Knightꎬ W. ( 2018 ) . Andrew Nghas a Chatbot That Can
ering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symp ̄ Help with Depression. Technology Reviewꎬ 121 (1) ꎬ 15.
toms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated Kosinskiꎬ M.ꎬ Stillwellꎬ D.ꎬ & Graepelꎬ T. (2013) . Private
conversational agent ( Woebot) : A randomized controlled traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of
trial. JMIR Mental Healthꎬ 4 (2) ꎬ 1-11. human behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Fulmerꎬ R.ꎬ Joerinꎬ A.ꎬ Gentileꎬ B.ꎬ Lakerinkꎬ L.ꎬ & Sciencesꎬ 110 (15) ꎬ 5802-5805.
Rauwsꎬ M. ( 2018) . Using psychological artificial intelli ̄ Kozakꎬ M. N.ꎬ Marshꎬ A. A.ꎬ & Wegnerꎬ D. M. ( 2006) .
gence ( Tess) to relieve symptoms of depression and anxie ̄ What do I think youre doing? Action identification and
ty: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Healthꎬ 5 mind attribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psy ̄
(4) . 1-15. chologyꎬ 90 (4) ꎬ 543-555.
Fulmerꎬ R. ( 2019) . Artificial intelligence and counseling: Liuꎬ X.ꎬ Liuꎬ X.ꎬ Sunꎬ J.ꎬ Yuꎬ N. X.ꎬ Sunꎬ B.ꎬ Liꎬ Q.ꎬ
four levels of implementation. Theory & Psychologyꎬ 29 & Zhuꎬ T. ( 2019) . Proactive suicide prevention online
(6) ꎬ 807-819. ( PSPO ) : Machine identification and crisis management
Graafꎬ M. M.ꎬ Allouchꎬ S. B.ꎬ & Klamerꎬ T. (2015) . Sha ̄ for Chinese social media users with suicidal thoughts and
ring a life with Harvey: Exploring the acceptance of and behaviors. Journal of Medical Internet Researchꎬ 21 (5) ꎬ
relationship ̄building with a social robot. Computers in Hu ̄ 1-24.
man Behaviorꎬ 43ꎬ 1-14. Oprişꎬ D.ꎬ Pinteaꎬ S.ꎬ García ̄Palaciosꎬ A.ꎬ Botellaꎬ C.ꎬ
Grahamꎬ S.ꎬ Deppꎬ C.ꎬ Leeꎬ E. E.ꎬ Nebekerꎬ C.ꎬ Tuꎬ X.ꎬ Szamosköziꎬ Ş.ꎬ & Davidꎬ D. (2012) . Virtual reality ex ̄
Kimꎬ H. C.ꎬ & Jesteꎬ D. V. (2019). Artificial intelligence posure therapy in anxiety disorders: A quantitative meta ̄a ̄
for mental health and mental illnesses: An overview. Cur ̄ nalysis. Depression and Anxietyꎬ 29 (2) ꎬ 85-93.
rent Psychiatry Reportsꎬ 21 (11) ꎬ 1-18. Prochaskaꎬ J. J.ꎬ Vogelꎬ E. A.ꎬ Chiengꎬ A.ꎬ Kendraꎬ M.ꎬ
Gratzerꎬ D.ꎬ & Goldbloomꎬ D. (2020) . Therapy and e ̄ther ̄ Baiocchiꎬ M.ꎬ Pajaritoꎬ S.ꎬ & Robinsonꎬ A. ( 2021) . A
apy—preparing future psychiatrists in the era of apps and therapeutic relational agent for reducing problematic sub ̄
chatbots. Academic Psychiatryꎬ 44 (2) ꎬ 231-234. stance use ( Woebot) : development and usability study.
Greenꎬ B. P. (2018) . Ethical reflections on artificial intelli ̄ Journal of Medical Internet Researchꎬ 23 (3) ꎬ 1-17.
gence. Scientia et Fidesꎬ 6 (2) ꎬ 9-31. Robinsonꎬ H.ꎬ MacDonaldꎬ B.ꎬ & Broadbentꎬ E. ( 2013) .
Grünerblꎬ A.ꎬ Muaremiꎬ A.ꎬ Osmaniꎬ V.ꎬ Bahleꎬ G.ꎬ Oe ̄ Physiological effects of a companion robot on blood
306 心 理 技 术 与 应 用 10 卷
pressure of older people in residential care facility: A pilot ses at a day service center. Proceedings of the IEEEꎬ 92
study. Australasian Journal on Ageingꎬ 34 (1) ꎬ 27-32. (11) ꎬ 1780-1788
Russellꎬ S. J.ꎬ & Norvigꎬ P. (2010). Artificial intelligence: Wanꎬ E. (2021) . “ Im like a wise little person” : Notes on
A modern approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. the Metal Performance of Woebot the Mental Health Chat ̄
Senguptaꎬ P. P.ꎬ & Adjerohꎬ D. A. ( 2018) . Will artificial bot. Theatre Journalꎬ 73 (3) ꎬ 1-11.
intelligence replace the human echocardiographer? Clinical Wangꎬ Y.ꎬ Kungꎬ L.ꎬ & Byrdꎬ T. A. (2018) . Big data ana ̄
considerations. Circulationꎬ 138 (16) ꎬ 1639-1642. lytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits
Vaidyamꎬ A. N.ꎬ Wisniewskiꎬ H.ꎬ Halamkaꎬ J. D.ꎬ Kasha ̄ for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and
vanꎬ M. S.ꎬ & Torousꎬ J. B. ( 2019) . Chatbots and con ̄ Social Changeꎬ 126ꎬ 3-13.
versational agents in mental health: A review of the psy ̄ Wardꎬ A. F.ꎬ Olsenꎬ A. S.ꎬ & Wegnerꎬ D. M. (2013) . The
chiatric landscape. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatryꎬ harmmade mind: Observing victimization augments attribu ̄
64 (7) ꎬ 456-464. tion of minds to vegetative patientsꎬ robotsꎬ and the dead.
Velingꎬ W.ꎬ Moritzꎬ S.ꎬ & Van Der Gaagꎬ M. ( 2014) . Psychological Scienceꎬ 24ꎬ 1437-1445.
Brave new worlds—review and update on virtual reality as ̄ Zhouꎬ H.ꎬ Huangꎬ M.ꎬ Zhangꎬ T.ꎬ Zhuꎬ X.ꎬ & Liuꎬ B.
sessment and treatment in psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulle ̄ (2017) . Emotional chatting machine: Emotional conversa ̄
tinꎬ 40 (6) ꎬ 1194-1197. tion generation with internal and external memory. In Pro ̄
Wadaꎬ K.ꎬ Shibataꎬ T.ꎬ Saitoꎬ T.ꎬ & Tanieꎬ K. ( 2004) . ceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligenceꎬ
Effects of robot ̄assisted activity for elderly people and nur ̄ 32 (1)ꎬ 730-738.
Abstract
Artificial intelligence research based on dialogue technology is boomingꎬ and clinical counseling is a typical
field that uses conversational technology to achieve its goals. Thusꎬ the development of artificial intelligence counse ̄
ling is a new and popular direction. In this paperꎬ we defined the concept of AI counselingꎬ reviewd the initial de ̄
velopment of artificial intelligence counseling and applied researchꎬ and provided a comprehensive summary of the
techniquesꎬ typesꎬ effectivenessꎬ and ethical issues of AI counselingꎬ Meanwhileꎬ we described the relevant
theories of AI counseling in detailꎬ including the construal level theory and emotional dialogue model. Finallyꎬ we
summarized the challenges faced by AI counseling. AI counseling can solve the problem of insufficient supply side of
counseling in Chinaꎬ and also provides personalized counseling services to meet the mental health needs of different
groups. Furthermoreꎬ AI counseling can improve the efficiency and quality of mental health services and provide
professional counseling scientifically. Finallyꎬ we can achieve the goal of improving the mental health literacy level
of Chinese people by using the AI counseling.
Key words: artificial intelligence counselingꎻ chatterbotsꎻ emotional chatting machineꎻ artificial intelligence psy ̄
chological recognitionꎻ mental health digital applications