KHÓA HỌC: KHÓA CẤP TỐC 14 NGÀY LUYỆN ĐỀ TỔNG ÔN CÙNG 2K5

LÝ THUYẾT- NGỮ PHÁP LƯỢNG TỪ

LIÊN TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ LIÊN KẾT

Giving examples (đưa ra ví dụ)

- For example/For instance (chẳng hạn, ví dụ)

The report is incomplete; it does not include sales in France, for example.

Adding information (bổ sung thông tin)

- In addition (to sth) (bên cạnh, ngoài ra, thêm vào đó)

In addition to his apartment in Manhattan, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland.

In addition, you should prepare slides for presenting.

- Additionally (thêm nữa, ngoài ra)

Additionally, the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.

- As well as (cũng như)

She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.

- Also (hơn nữa, ngoài ra)

I didn't like it that much. Also, it was much too expensive.

- Besides (bên cạnh đó, ngoài ra, hơn nữa, ngoài…ra)

Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.

She wants to learn other languages besides Japanese and Vietnamese.

I’m not ready to get married yet. Besides, I enjoy living alone.

- Moreover/Furthermore (hơn nữa)

The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.

The house is beautiful. Furthermore, it's in a great location.

- Apart from/Aside from (ngoài…ra, mang nghĩa bao gồm)

Apart from Germany, they also visited Italy and Austria.

You have to help. Aside from anything else, you're my brother.

- On top of st = in addition to st

On top of everything else, my car's been stolen.

Giving a result (Đưa ra kết quả)

- Therefore (vì vậy, cho nên) (Khi đứng đầu câu thì phía sau có dấu “,” (Therefore, S + V, clause); khi
đứng giữa hai mệnh đề phía trước có dấu “;” sau có dấu “,” (S + V; therefore (,) + S + V)

He wanted to study late; therefore, he drank another cup of coffee.

- As a result/as a consequence/with the result that (kết quả là) để nhấn mạnh hậu quả của hành
động

He made one big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.

The farm was flooded, with the result that the crop was lost.

- Thus/Hence/Consequently (do đó, do vậy)

He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title.

A better working environment improves people’s performance, and hence productivity.

She is always bad-tempered, and consequently doesn't have many friends.

- This means that (điều này có nghĩa là)

All of us are sons and daughters of Adam and this means that we are all brothers and sisters.

Giving a reason (giải thích nguyên nhân/lý do)

Because of/Due to/Owing to/On account of/As a result of + N/N.phr/V-ing/pronoun, …

Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%.

Owing to the heavy traffic, they were late.

The man was detained on account of his strange behavior.

Because of his wife’s being there, I said nothing about it.

We were late as a result of the heavy traffic jam.

Everyone left early due to the fact that Mark and Helen had an argument.

I made a decision to stay here because of you.

S + be + due to/owing to/the result of + N/N.phr/V-ing/the fact that + mệnh đề.

Her failure was due to her carelessness.

My late arrival is due to the fact that the train arrived late.

Because/since/as/seeing that/now (that)/due to the fact that/in that/for the reason that + mệnh
đề, …

I don’t want to do it simply because I think it’s wrong.

Seeing that he's been sick, he's unlikely to come.

She will not believe him, due to the fact that he is not a trustworthy person.