VAGHDEVI ACADEMY 1

Circles and System of Circles Previous Questions and Solutions

1. The equation(s) of the common tangent(s) The equation of circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 =

to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 = 0 and the 12can be written as
parabola, 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥is: (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 25
(a) 2√3𝑦 = 12𝑥 + 1 (b) √3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3
(c) 2√3𝑦 = −𝑥 − 12 (d) √3𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1
1. (b)JEE Main 2019
Since, the equation of tangent to parabola
𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 is
1
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚 … (i)
The line (i) is also the tangent to circle
Then centre of circle = (3,0)
Radius of circle = 3 Let 𝑃 = (1, −1)&𝑄 = (4,0)
The perpendicular distance from centre to Equation of tangent 𝑃(1, 1) to the given circle:
tangent is equal to the radius of circle 𝑥(1) + 𝑦(1) + 2(𝑥 + 1) − 3(𝑦 − 1) − 12 = 0
1
|3𝑚+ | 1 2 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7 = 0 … (i)
∴ 𝑚
= 3 ⇒ (3𝑚 + 𝑚) = 9(1 + 𝑚)2
√1+𝑚2 The required circle is tangent to (i) at (−1, 1)
1
⇒𝑚=± ∴ (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 + 𝜆(3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7) = 0
√3 … (ii)
1
Then, from equation (i) :𝑦 = ± 𝑥 ± √3 Equation (ii) passes through 𝑄(4, 0)
√3
Hence, √3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 is one of the ⇒ 32 + 12 + 𝜆(12 − 7) = 0 ⇒ 5𝜆 + 10 = 0
required common tangent. ⇒ 𝜆 = −2
Equation (ii) becomes 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 10𝑦 +
2. If the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 − 20𝑦 + 164 = 𝑟 2 16 = 0
and (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 36 intersect at radius= √(−4)2 + (5)2 − 16 = 5
two distinct points, then:
4. If the area of an equilateral triangle
(a) r> 11 (b) 0 < r < 1
inscribed in the circle, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 +
(c) r = 11 (d) 1 < r < 11
2. (d) JEE Main 2019 12𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 is 27√3 sq. units then c is
equal is :
Consider the equation of circles as, (a) 13 (b) 20 (c) –25 (d) 25
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 − 20𝑦 + 164 = 𝑟 2 4. (d) JEE Main 2019
i.e., (𝑥 − 8)2 + (𝑦 − 10)2 = 𝑟 2 … (i)
and(𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 36 … (ii)
Both the circles intersect each other at two
distinct points.
Distance between centres
= √(8 − 4)2 + (10 − 7)2 = 5
∴ |𝑟 − 6| < 5 < |𝑟 + 6|
∴ If |𝑟 − 6| < 5 ⇒ 𝑟𝜖(1,11) … (iii)
And |𝑟 + 6| > 5 ⇒ 𝑟𝜖(−∞, −11) ∪ (−1, ∞) … (iv)
From (iii) & (iv), Let the sides of equilateral ∆ inscribed in the
𝑟𝜖(1,11) circle be a, then
𝑎
cos 30° =
3. If a circle C passing through at point (4, 2𝑟
0) touches the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = √3 𝑎
=
12 externally at the point (1, −1), then the 2 2𝑟
radius of C is: 𝑎 = √3𝑟
(a) 2√5 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) √57 Then, area of the equilateral ∆ =
√3 2
𝑎
4
3. (c) JEE Main 2019 √3 2
= (√3𝑟)
4
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Circles and System of Circles Previous Questions and Solutions

3√3 2
= 𝑟
4
But it is given that area of equilateral ∆= 27√3
3√3 2
Then, 27√3 = 4
𝑟
𝑟 2 = 36
⇒𝑟=6
1 2
But (− 2 coefficient of 𝑥) +
1 2 Let centre be 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘)
(− coefficient of 𝑦) −constant term = 𝑟 2 𝐶𝑄 = 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑟
2
(−5)2 + (−6)2 − 𝑐 = 36 ⇒ 𝐶𝑄 2 = 𝐶𝑃2
𝑐 = 25 (ℎ − 0)2 + (𝑘 ± 0)2 = 𝐶𝑀2 + 𝑀𝑃2
ℎ2 + (𝑘 ± 2𝑏)2 = 𝑘 2 + 4𝑎2
5. A square is inscribed in the circle 𝑥 2 +
ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 + 4𝑏 2 ± 4𝑏𝑘 = 𝑘 2 + 4𝑎2
𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 103 = 0 with its sides
Then, the locus of centre 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘)
parallel to the coordinate axes. Then the
𝑥 2 + 4𝑏 2 ± 4𝑏𝑦 = 4𝑎2
distance of the vertex of this square
Hence, the above locus of the centre of
which is nearest to the origin is:
circle is a parabola.
(a) 6 (b) √137 (c) √41 (d) 13 7. If a circle of radius R passes through the
5. (c) JEE Main 2019 origin O and intersects the coordinate
axes at A and B, then the locus of the
The equation of circle is, foot of perpendicular from O on AB is :
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 103 = 0 (a) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 4𝑅 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
2
⇒ (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = (8√2) (b) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )3 = 4𝑅2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
𝐶(3, −4), 𝑟 = 8√8 (c) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 4𝑅𝑥 2 𝑦 2
⇒ Length of side of square = √2𝑟 = 16 (d) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑅 2 𝑥𝑦
⇒ 𝑃(−5, 4), 𝑄(−5, −12) 7. (b) JEE Main 2019
𝑅(11, −12), 𝑆(11, 4) As ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90°

⇒Required distance = 𝑂𝑃
= √(−5 − 0)2 + (−4 − 0)2 = √25 + 16
= √41
6. A circle cuts a chord of length 4a on the Let AB diameter and 𝑀(ℎ, 𝑘) be foot of
x-axis and passes through a point on the perpendicular, then
y-axis, distant 2b from the origin. Then 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = −
the locus of the centre of this circle is: Then, equation of 𝐴𝐵
(a) a hyperbola (b) an ellipse ℎ
(𝑦 − 𝑘) = − (𝑥 − ℎ)
(c) a straight line (d) a parabola 𝑘
6. (d) JEE Main 2019 ⇒ ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = ℎ2 + 𝑘 2
ℎ 2 +𝑘 2 ℎ 2 +𝑘 2
Then, 𝐴 ( ℎ , 0) and 𝐵 (0, ℎ )
∵ 𝐴𝐵 is the diameter, then
𝐴𝐵 = 2𝑅
⇒ 𝐴𝐵2 = 4𝑅 2
ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 ℎ2 + 𝑘 2
⇒( )+( ) = 4𝑅 2
ℎ ℎ
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Hence, required locus is (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 10. The common tangent to the circles

4𝑅 2 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 24 = 0
also passes through the point:
8. The tangent and the normal lines at the (a) (4, –2) (b) (−6, 4)
point (√3, 1) to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 and (c)(6, −2) (d) (−4,6)
the x-axis form a triangle. The area of 10. (c) JEE Main 2019
this triangle (in sq. units) is:
4 1 2 1
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 3
√ √ √

8. (c) JEE Main 2019

Equation of tangent to circle at point (√3, 1) is

√3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4

Equation of common tangent is,

𝑆1 − 𝑆2 = 0
6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 20 = 0 ⇒ 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 10 = 0
Hence, (6, −2) lies on it.

11. If the circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝐾𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝐾 = 0

∴coordinates of the point ( , 0) and 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝐾𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0, (𝐾𝜖𝑅),
√
1 1 4 2
Area = 2 × 𝑂𝐴 × 𝑃𝑀 = 2 × ×1= sq. intersect at the points P and Q, then the
√3 √3
line 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 𝐾 = 0 passes through P and
units
Q, for :
9. If a tangent to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
(a)infinitely many values of K
intersects the coordinate axes at distinct
(b)no value of K
points P and Q, then the locus of the
(c)exactly two values of K
mid-point of PQ is:
(d)exactly one value of K
(a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 0
11. (b) JEE Main 2019
(b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0
(c) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 0 𝑆1 ≡ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 5𝐾𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝐾 = 0
(d) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 0 3 1
9. (a) JEE Main 2019 𝑆2 ≡ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐾𝑥 + 𝑦 − = 0
2 2
Equation of common chord is 𝑆1 − 𝑆2 = 0
Let any tangent to circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 is 𝑦 1
⇒ 4𝐾𝑥 + 2 + 𝐾 + 2 = 0 … (i)
𝑥 cos 𝜃 + 𝑦 sin 𝜃 = 1
Since, P and Q are the point of intersection Equation of the line passing through the
on the co-ordinate axes. intersection points P and Q is,
1 1 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 𝐾 = 0 … (ii)
Then, 𝑃 ≡ (cos 𝜃 , 0)&𝑄 = (0, sin 𝜃)
Comparing (i) and (ii),
1 1
∴mid-point of PQ be 𝑀 ≡ (2 cos 𝜃 , 2 sin 𝜃) 4𝐾 1
= =
2𝐾+1
… (iii)
4 10 −2𝐾
1 1
⇒ cos 𝜃 = 2ℎ … (i) ⇒ 𝐾 = 10and−2𝐾 = 20𝐾 + 10
1
sin 𝜃 = 2𝑘 … (ii) 5
⇒ 22𝐾 = −10 ⇒ 𝐾 = −
Now squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii) 1 5
11
1 1 ∵ 𝐾 = 10or− 11 is not satisfying equation (iii)
+ 2=4
ℎ 2 𝑘 ∴ No value of K exists.
⇒ ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 = 4ℎ2 𝑘 2
∴locus of M is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2

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12. The line 𝑥 = 𝑦 touches a circle at the 14. If an angle of intersection at a point
point (1,1). If the circle also passes where the two circles with radii 5 cm and
through the point (1, −3), then its radius 12 cm intersect is 90°, then the length (in
is: cm) of their common chord is :
13 120 60 13
(a) 3 (b) 2√2 (c) 2 (d) 3√2 (a) 5 (b) 13 (c)13 (d) 2
12. (b) JEE Main 2019
14. (b) JEE Main 2019
Equation of circle which touches the line 𝑦 =
𝑥 at(1, 1) is (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 + 𝜆(𝑦 − 𝑥) = 0
This circle passes through (1, −3)

According to the diagram,

5 5
In ∆𝑃𝐶1 𝐶2 , tan 𝛼 = 12 ⇒ sin 𝛼 = 13
𝑃𝑀 5 𝑃𝑀 60
∴ 0 + 16 + 𝜆(−3 − 1) = 0 In ∆𝑃𝐶1 𝑀, sin 𝛼 = ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑃𝑀 =
12 13 12 13
⇒ 16 + 𝜆(−4) = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 = 4 Hence, the length of common chord
Hence, equation of circle will be, 120
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 + 4𝑦 − 4𝑥 = 0 (𝑃𝑄) =
13
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0
∴ Radius= √9 + 1 − 2 = 2√2
15. A circle touching the x-axis at (3, 0)
13. The locus of the centres of the circles, and making an intercept of length 8 on the
which touch the circle, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 y-axis passes through the point:
externally, also touch the y-axis and lie in (a) (3,10)(b)(3,5)(c)(2,3)(d) (1,5)
the first quadrant, is: (a) JEE Main 2019
(a) 𝑥 = √1 + 4𝑦, 𝑦 ≥ 0
(b) 𝑥 = √1 + 2𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0 Let centre of circle is C and circle cuts the 𝑦-
axis at B and A. Let mid-point of chord 𝐵𝐴 is
(c)𝑦 = √1 + 4𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
M.
(d) 𝑥 = √1 + 2𝑦, 𝑦 ≥ 0
13. (b) JEE Main 2019
Let centre of required circle is (ℎ, 𝑘)
∴ 𝑂𝑂′ = 𝑟 + 𝑟 ′

𝐶𝐵 = √𝑀𝐶 2 + 𝑀𝐵2
√32 + 42 = 5 =radius of circle
∴equation of circle is,
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 52
(3, 10) satisfies this equation.
⇒ √ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 = 1 + ℎ
Although there will be another
⇒ ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 = 1 + ℎ2 + 2ℎ
circle satisfying the same
⇒ 𝑘 2 = 1 + 2ℎ
conditions that will lie below 𝑥-
∴locus is 𝑦 = √1 + 2𝑥 axis having equation (𝑥 − 3)2 +
𝑥≥0 (𝑦 − 5)2 = 52 .

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16. If a circle touches 𝑦 -axis at (0,4) and

passes through (2,0) then which of the
following can-not be the tangent to the
circle
(a) 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 17 = 0 (b) 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 24 = 0
(c) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 6 = 0 (d) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 8 = 0
(d)JEE Main 2020 √3 √3𝑟
⇒ 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑟 × =
2 2
Now equation of 𝐴𝐵 is
𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
√3𝑟 |0+0−3|
So =
2 √5

equation of family of circle √3𝑟 3

⇒ =
(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 + 𝜆𝑥 = 0 2 √5
⇒ passes (2, 0) 2√3
4 + 16 + 2𝜆 = 0 ⇒𝑟=
5
⇒ 𝜆 = −10 12
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 16 = 0 ⇒ 𝑟2 =
5
centre(5,4) ⋅ 𝑅 = √25 + 16 − 16 = 0 19. The line 2x − y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to
the circle at the point (2,5) and the centre
17. The circle passing through the of the circle lies on𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4. Then, the
intersection of the circles𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 = 0 radius of the circle is:
and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 = 0 having its centre on (a) 3√5 (b) 5√3 (c) 5√4 (d) 5√5
the line, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 12 = 0 also passes 19. a JEE Main 2021
through the point:
(a) (−3,6) (b) (−1, 3) (c) (−3, 1) (d) (1, −3)
(a) JEE Main 2020
Let circle be𝑆1 + 𝜆𝑆2 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝜆(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦) = 0
⇒ (1 + 𝜆)𝑥 2 + (1 + 𝜆)𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 4𝜆𝑦 = 0
3 2𝜆
Centre≡ (1+𝜆 , 𝜆+1) (h − 4)
h− 2 ) (2) = −1
Centre lies on2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 12 = 0 then (
2−h
6 6𝜆
− + 12 = 0
𝜆+1 𝜆+1 h=8
⇒ 𝜆 = −3 center (8,2)
𝐶 ≡ −2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 0 Radius = √(8 − 2)2 + (2 − 5)2 = 3√5)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0 20. An angle of intersection of the curves,
It passes through (−3,6) x2 y 2
+ = 1 and x 2 + y 2 = ab, a  b , is :
a 2 b2
18. If the length of the chord of the circle, a+b  a −b 
(a) tan −1   (b) tan −1  
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 (𝑟 > 0) along the line, 𝑦 − 2𝑥 =  ab   2 ab 
3 is 𝑟 then 𝑟 2 is equal to:
(a)
9
5
(b)
24
5
(c)
12
5
(d) 12
 a−b
(c) tan −1 
 ab 
 ( )
(d) tan −1 2 ab

(c)JEE Main 2020 20. (c)

In right ΔCDB - x2 y 2
2
+ 2 = 1, x 2 + y 2 = ab
a b
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2 x1
=0
2y y'
a 2 + 12
b
− x b2
 y1' = 21 ...(1)
a y1
 2 x1 + 2 y1 y ' = 0
( )
2
 y2' + 2 y1 y ' = 0 r = 62 + 3 5
−x
 y2' = 1 ...(2) = 36 + 45 = 9
y1
Here ( x1 y1 ) is point of intersection of
23. If the circle x2 + y2 - 2gx + 6y - 19c = 0, g, c 
both curves R passes through the point (6, 1) and its centre
a 2b 2 ab2 lies on the line x - 2cy = 8, then the length of
 x12 = , y1 = intercept made by the circle on x-axis is
a+b a+b
(a) 11 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2 23
− x1b 2 x1
+ 23. (d)
y1' − y2' a 2 y1 y1 Given circle x2 +y2 -2gx + 6y-l9c = 0
 tan  = =
1 + y1' y2' x 2b2 Passes through (6, 1)
1 + 12 2 12g+19c = 43 ....(1)
a y1
Centre (g, -3) lies on given line
−b2 x1 y1 + a 2 x1 y1 So, g + 6c = 8 ....(2)
tan  = Solve equation (1) & (2)
a 2 y12 + b2 x12
equation of circle x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y - 19 = 0
a −b Length of intercept on x-axis
tan  =
ab = 2 g 2 − c = 2 23

21. A circle C touches the line x=2y at the 24. Let the tangents at the points 𝐴(4, −11)
point (2,1) and intersects the circle C1 :x2 and 𝐵(8, −5) on the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 +
+ y2 + 2y − 5 = 0 at two points P and Q 10𝑦 − 15 = 0 , intersect at the point C.
such that PQ is a diameter of C1.Then the Then the radius of the circle, whose centre
diameter of C is : is C and the line joining A and B is its
(a) 7 5 (b) 15 (c) 285 (d) 4 15 tangent, is equal to
(a) (a)
3√3
(b) 2√13 (c) √13 (d)
2√13
(x − 2)2 + (y − 1)2 + λ(x − 2y) = 0 4 3
C :x2 + y2 + x(λ − 4) + y(−2 − 2λ) + 5 = 0 24. (d)
C1 :x2 + y2 + 2y − 5 = 0 Solution
S1 − S2 = 0 (Equation of PQ) ⇒ 8k = 24
(λ − 4)x− (2λ + 4)y + 10 = 0 Passes Equation of tnagent at A(4, −11)on
through (0,-1) circle is
⇒λ = −7 𝑥+4 𝑦 − 11
⇒ 4𝑥 − 11𝑦 − 3 ( ) + 10 ( )
C :x2 + y2 − 11x + 12y + 5 = 0 2 2
− 15 = 0
245
= ⇒ 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 152 = 0 .......................(1)
4
Equation of tangent at B(8, −5) on
22. Consider a circle C which touches the y-
circle is
axis at (0,6) and cuts off an intercept 6 5 𝑥+8 𝑦=5
on the x-axis. Then the radius of the circle ⇒ 8𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 3 ( ) + 10 ( ) − 15
2 2
C is equal to : =0
(a) 53 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 82 ⇒ 13𝑥 − 104 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 8
22. (b) 28
Put in (1) ⇒ 𝑦 = 3

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2.28
3.8 + 3 − 34 2√13
𝑟=| |=
√13 3

25. Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2, 4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 6 and 3𝑦 = 4𝑥 +

1 be three tangent lines to the circle
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 . Then ℎ + 𝑘 is
equal to
(a) 5 (b) 5(1 + √2) (c) 6 (d) 5√2
25. (a)
Solution
L1 : y = x + 3, L2 ∶ 4y = 3x + 6, L3 : 3y
= 4x + 1
Bisector of lines L2 & L3
4x − 3y + 1 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 6
= ±( )
5 5
(+) 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 3𝑥 − 4ℎ + 6
𝑥+𝑦 =5
Centre lies of Bisector of 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 =
0 & (0)3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 6 = 0
⇒ ℎ+𝑘 = 5

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