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Binomial Distribution for Sampling

• A discrete random variable, x, x = number of defective
that can take on exactly 2 states items in the sample

Binomial Distribution Calculations • A set number of trials, n n=sample size

• A constant probability of
“success”, p, among the trials p=percent defective in POPULATION

Sampling example: Calculate the probability of obtaining a

certain number of defective items in a sample of a
particular size when we know the percent of defective
items in the population

Binomial Distribution for Sampling Binomial Formula

• A discrete random variable, x, !!
that can take on exactly 2 states
Rule of thumb when
sampling: The sample size
• P(x) = 𝑝 # (1 − 𝑝)(!$#)
#! !$# !
n has to be less than 10%
• A set number of trials, n of the population size and
• A constant probability of – x is the number of “successes” in the experiment (number of defects
the population size must
be at least 50. when sampling)
“success”, p, among the trials
– n is the number of trials (sample size when sampling)
Sampling example: Calculate the probability of obtaining a – p is the probability of success (percent of defects in population when
certain number of defective items in a sample of a sampling)
particular size when we know the percent of defective
items in the population

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Example Example
Suppose that a sample of size 4 is randomly chosen from a batch of Suppose that a sample of size 4 is randomly chosen from a batch of
size 100 that is known to be 5% defective. What is the probability that size 100 that is known to be 5% defective. What is the probability that
there is exactly one defective item in your sample? there is exactly one defective item in your sample?
𝑛! 𝑛!
P(x) = 𝑝 # (1 − 𝑝)(!$#) P(x) = 𝑝 # (1 − 𝑝)(!$#) “true” to calculate ≤ or
𝑥! 𝑛 − 𝑥 ! 𝑥! 𝑛 − 𝑥 ! “false” to calculate =
x=1 ,! x=1
P(1) = 0.05- (1 − 0.05)(,$-) =0.1715
n=4 -! ,$- !
n=4 In Excel, P(x)=binom.dist(x,n,p,cumulative indicator)
“=binom.dist(1,4,.05,false)”
p=0.05 p=0.05
Requirements met Requirements met