KARNATAKA SCHOOL EXAMINATION AND ASSESMENT BOARD

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II PUC Examination-1, March-2024
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Model Answers
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Subject BIOLOGY «µÀAiÀÄ ¸ÀAPÉÃvÀ VERSION ENGLISH

«µÀAiÀÄ fêÀ±Á¸ÀÛç CODE : 36

Q.No. Marks

PART-A

1) (a) It nourishes the developing pollen grains. 1

2) (b) Xenogamy 1

3) (c) Endometrium 1

4) (b) Spermatids 1

5) (b) A-Fallopian tube B- Tubectomy 1

6) (a) Both Statement I and II are correct 1

7) (b) Heterogametic 1

8) (b) A  S-strains ; B R- Strain 1

9) (c) The original drifted populations become founders. 1

10) (a) MALT 1

11) (c) Aspergilus niger 1

12) (c) II and III 1

13) (d) Natality and immigration increases 1

14) (d) GPP – R 1

15) (b) Endemic 1

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II

16) Polyembryony 1

17) Oxytocin 1

18) Honey bee 1

19) Lichen 1

20) Ectoparasites 1

PART-B

21) In amniocentesis some of the aminotic fluid of the developing foetus 1

is taken to analyse the fetal cells and dissolved substances.
Significances:
 To test the presence of certain genetic disorders such as down
syndrome, Haemophilia, sickle-cell anemia.
 To determine the survivability of the foetus.
(any 1 significance 1 mark each)

22) Karyotype 44 + XXY = 47 1

OR
47, XXY
Symptoms:
 Individual has overall masculine development.
 The feminine development
(development of breast i.e. Gynaecomastia)
 Such individuals are sterile.
(1/2 Mark for each symptoms)

23) (i) To get rid of unwanted pregnancies either due to casual 1

unprotected intercourse or failure of the contraceptive used
during coitus or rapes.

(ii) In certain cases where continuation of the pregnancy could be 1

harmful or even fatal either to the mother or to the foetus or
both.
(1 mark each)

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24)  Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400 cc lived in near east 1
and central Asia between 1,00, 000 – 40, 000 years back.
 They used to hide to protect their body and buried their dead. 1
(1 mark each)
(i) Histamine 1
25)
(ii) Serotonin 1
26) BOD refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if 1
all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidised by bacteria.
Significance:
 BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
 The greater the BOD of waste water, more is its polluting
potential .
(any one significance 1 Mark each)

27) Exonucleases Endonucleases 2

Exonucleases remove Endonucleases make cuts at

nucleotides from the ends of the specific positions within the DNA.
DNA.

28) Decomposition : Decomposers break down complex organic matter 1

into inorganic substance like carbon dioxide, water and nutrients,
the process is called decomposition.
Detritus: Dead plant remains such as leaves, bark, flowers and
1
dead remains of animals, including fecal matter constitute detritus,
which is raw material for decomposition.

PART-C

29)(a) False Fruit True Fruit

2
Thalamus also contributes to Fruits develop only from ovary.
fruit formation.

Parthenocarpic fruit- Fruit develop without fertilization. 1

30) The Chorionic Villi and uterine tissue become interdigitated with 1
each other and jointly from a structural and functional unit between
developing embryo (foetus) and maternal body called placenta.
Hormones secreted by placenta are
 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
 Human Placental lactogen (hPL)
 Estrogens

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 Progestogens.
 Relaxin (½ mark each hormone)
31)  It should be able to generate its replica (Replication).
 It should be stable chemically and structurally.
 It should provide the scope for slow changes (mutations) that
are required for evolution.
 It should be able to express itself in the form of Mendelian
characters.
(Any 3 points 1 Mark each)

32) Homologous Organs Analogous Organs

Have similar anatomical
structure but perform different
functions.
Eg: Forelimbs of whales, bats,
cheetah and humans. (all
mammals)
(Examples 2 Marks)
1
They are not-anatomically similar
structure through they performs
similar function.
Eg:
i) Eyes of octopus and mammals. 2
ii) Flippers of penguins and
dolphins.
iii) Wings of butterfly of birds

33)  Made crops are more tolerant to abotic stresses (cold, drought,
salt, heat)
 Reduce reliance on chemical pesticides (pest resistant crops)
 Helped to reduce post harvest losses.
 Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents
early exhaustion of fertility of soil)
 Enhanced nutritional value of food.
Eg: golden rice i.e., vitamin ‘A’ enriched rice.
(Any 3 points 1 mark each)

34)  Providing the best catalyst in the form of improved organisms 1

usually a microbe or pure enzyme.
 Creating optimal conditions through engineering for a catalyst 1
to act.
 Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein / 1
organic compound.

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35)

Tropic Level 1M
Diagram 1M
Dry weight 1M

36) When alien species are introduced unintentionally or deliberately 1

some of them turn invasive, and cause decline or extinction of
indigenous species.
Example:
1) The Nile perch introduced into lake Victoria in East Africa led to
extinction of more than 200 species Cichlid fish in the lake.
2) Environmental damages caused and threat posed to our native
species by invasive weed species like Carrot grass (Parthenium),
Lantana and water hyacinth (Eicchornia).
3) Illegal introduction of African catfish clarias gariepinus for aqua
culture purpose is posing a threat to indigenous cat fishes.
(Any Two example 1 Mark each)

PART-D
(section-I

37)

(½ mark each for one labeling)

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38) Incomplete dominance is a phenomenon in which F 1 hybrid 1

phenotype that did not resemble either of the two parents and was
in between the two.

Eg: Dog flowers, Snapdragon or Antirrhinum sp. 1

Phenotypic ratio : red : Pink : white

1 : 2 : 1 ½
Genotypic ratio: RR : Rr : rr
½
1 : 2 : 1

39) (a) Salmonella typhi 1

(b) Streptococus pneumoniae
OR 1
Haemophilus influenzae
(c) Rhino viruses 1
(d) Plasmodium vivax
or
Plasmodium malaria
or 1
Plasmodium falciparum
(e) Entamoeba histolytica 1

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40) (i) The human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases.
(ii) The average gene consists of 3000 bases, but sizes vary greatly,
with the largest known human gene being dystrophin at 2.4
million bases.
(iii) The total number of genes is estimated at 30,000–much lower
than previous estimates of 80,000 to 1,40,000 genes. Almost all
(99.9 per cent) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all
people.
(iv) The functions are unknown for over 50 percent of the
discovered genes.
(v) Less than 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins.
(vi) Repeated sequences make up very large portion of the human
genome.
(vii) Repetitive sequences are stretches of DNA sequences that are
repeated many times, sometimes hundred to thousand times.
They are thought to have no direct coding functions, but they
shed light on chromosome structure, dynamics and evolution.
(viii) Chromosome 1 has most genes (2968), and the Y has the fewest
(231).
(ix) Scientists have identified about 1.4 million locations where
single base DNA differences (SNPs–single nucleotide
polymorphism, pronounced as ‘snips’) occur in humans. This
information promises to revolutionise the processes of finding
chromosomal locations for disease-associated sequences and
tracing human history.
(Any Five valuable points 1 mark each)

(a) Schematic structure of a transcription unit

41)
3

(½ marks each labeling)

b) Point mutation Frame shift

Insertion or deletion of one or 2

Point mutation is a change of two bases changes the reading
single base pair in the gene frame from the point of insertion
or deletion.

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42)  Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of

the soil. The main source of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and
cyanobacteria .
 Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms
which is used by the plants forms which is used by the plants
as nutrient.
 Bacteria like Azospirillum and Azotobacter can fix atmospheric
nitrogen while free living in soil, thus enriching the nitrogen
content of the soil.
 Many members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhiza, the
fungal symbiont in these associations absorbs phosphorous
from soil and passes it to the plant.
 Cyanobacteria like Anabaena, Nostoc, oscillatoria etc. in
aquatic and terrestrial environments can fix atmospheric
nitrogen.
 In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important
biofertiliser.
 Blue green algae also add organic matter to the soil and
increase its fertility.
(Any 5 point, 1 mark each)

43) (a) Plasmid 1

(b) Micro injection 1
(c) Biolistics or gene gun 1
(d) Origin of replication 1
(e) DNA ligases 1
44) This interaction confers benefits on the interacting species. 1
 Lichen represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a 1
fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria.
 The mycorrlizae are associations between fungi and roots of 1
higher plants.
 Fig Tree and female wasp. 1
 Mediterrnean Orchid Ophrys and bees or bumble bees (insect) 1

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Section - II
45)  The pistil has the ability to recognize the pollen, whether it is of
the right type (compatible) or of the wrong type (incompatible).
 If it is of the right type, the pistil accepts the pollen and
promotes post pollination events that leads to fertilization.
 If the pollen is of the wrong type, the pistil rejects the pollen by
preventing pollen germination on the stigma or the pollen tube
growth in the style.
 The ability of the pistil to recognize the pollen followed by its
acceptance or rejection is the result of a continuous dialogue-
between pollen grain and the pistil.
 This dialogue is mediated by chemical components of the pollen
interacting with those of the pistil.
 The knowledge gained in this area would help the plant breeder
in manipulating pollen pistil interaction, even in incompatible
pollinations, to get desired hybrids.
(Any Five valuable points 1 mark each)

46) Genetic disorder –Haemophilia 1

 This sex linked and recessive disease, which shows its

transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male
progeny.
 In this disease, a single protein that is a part of the cascade of
proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected.
 Due to this, in a affected individual a simple cut will result in
non-stop bleeding.
 The heterozygous female (carrier) for haemophilia may transmit
the disease to sons.
 The possibility of a female becoming a haemophilic is extremely
rare because mother of such a female has to be at least carrier
and the father should be haemophilic.
(Any Four features 1 mark each)

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47)

½ Mark for each label

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