PARTS OF THE EYE

-CONJUCTIVA
-CORNEA
-CHOROID LAYER
 CONJUNCTIVA
• FEATURES
• A clear (transparent) membrane that covers most of the
front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
• It has two segments:
-bulbar conjunctiva
-palpebral conjunctiva
-conjunctival sac

They help prevent anything to get lost behind your eye.

-has many blood vessels that provide nutrients to the eye
and lids
FUNCTIONS OF THE CONJUNCTIVA
By reflex blinking movement, it:
-moisten and lubricate the front surface- have specialised cells that
secretes a component of tear film

-moisten the inner surface of the eyelids- for easy and regular opening
and closing of the eyes without friction or irritation

-protects the eye from dust, debris and infection causing organisms
THE CORNEA
• A clear, transparent tissue covering the front eye.
• FEATURES
• Clear and avascular- for blood supply (nutrients)
• Contains high concentration of nerves on its surface layer(ciliary
nerve)
• Takes oxygen directly from the environment
• Sensitive to touch and temp and chemical
• Structure: Composed of layers, the cornea has an outer epithelium, a
central stroma, and an inner endothelium. These layers work
together to maintain the transparency and function of the cornea

•
 FEATURES OF A CORNEA
1.Transparency: The cornea is transparent, allowing light to pass through it and into the eye.
This is essential for vision, as the light must reach the retina at the back of the eye to be
processed into visual information.
2.Avascularity: The cornea is avascular, meaning it does not have any blood vessels. Instead, it
receives nutrients and oxygen from the aqueous humour (the fluid in the front of the eye)
and the tear film.
3.Innervation: The cornea is densely innervated with sensory nerve endings, making it
extremely sensitive to touch and pain. This sensitivity helps protect the eye by triggering
reflexes like blinking and tear production.
4.Structure: The cornea is composed of five layers: the epithelium, Bowman's layer, the
stroma, Descemet's membrane, and the endothelium. Each layer plays a specific role in
maintaining the cornea's transparency and shape.
5.Refractive Power: The cornea has significant refractive power, meaning it bends light as it
enters the eye. This refraction is essential for focusing light onto the retina and producing
clear vision.
6.Self-repair: The cornea has a remarkable ability to heal itself after minor injuries or
infections. However, severe damage may require medical intervention, such as a corneal
transplant.
FUNCTIONS OF CORNEA

• Serves as window to allow light to enter the eye

(transparency)
• Focus light on the retina-by refracting light as it
enters the eye (which contributes to vision)
CHOROID LAYER

• FEATURES
Made up of:
-bruch’s membrane
-choriocapillaris
-sattler’s layer
-halter’s layer
FEATURES OF CHOROID
1.Vascularization: The choroid is highly vascularized, meaning it contains a
dense network of blood vessels. These blood vessels deliver oxygen and
nutrients to the retina, which is essential for its function.
2.
3.Pigmentation: The choroid contains a dark pigment called melanin, which
helps absorb light and prevent it from scattering within the eye. This helps
to produce a clear, sharp image on the retina.
4.Support and Protection: The choroid provides support and protection to
the retina by helping to maintain its structure and function. It also helps to
regulate the temperature and pressure within the eye.
5.Waste Removal: In addition to supplying nutrients and oxygen to the
retina, the choroid also helps to remove waste products from the retina.
This helps to maintain the health and function of the retina over time.
•
FUNCTIONS OF CHOROID LAYER
• Provide nutrients for the retina, macular and optic nerve
• Regulate the temperature of the retina
• Control pressure within the eye
• Absorbing light and limiting reflections within the eye that could harm
the vision