Extremophile Bacteria

An extremophile is an organism that

has adapted to live in an extreme
environment. They have specialised
adaptations.
One type of extreme environment is
extreme heat. Bacteria has managed
to survive extreme temperatures, and
usually high temperatures would kill
or denature enzymes and proteins,
but they can still function.
Another type is bacteria surviving cold
environments. Often cold environments can freeze over the internal structures of the cells, so
they have adapted by having a type of anti-freeze secreted in order for them to survive such
extreme cold temperatures, and that they don’t die with their internal structures freezing over.
Some other organisms can also manage to survive extremely salty environments, by being
adapted with their cytoplasm so that water doesn’t move out of their cells into salty
environments and instead keep it, or they will swell up and burst, but they adapted to prevent
this.
Deep sea volcanic vents have extremophile bacteria which feed on the chemicals released from
the volcanic vents. They managed to survive in the ocean floor where volcanic gasses of magma
chambers leave hot gasses. The bacteria managed to survive the extreme heat and pressure
and darkness from the bottom of the ocean. The extreme environment makes it difficult for
species to even move from one vent to the other, so for each vent there is a specific species of
bacteria.