Hydrometeorological hazards
Geological hazards occur because
of geological processes such as movement in the
tectonic plates and volcanic activity. ...
Meteorological hazards include extreme temperatures,
hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, and severe
storms. Hydrological hazards are hazards involving
water processes.
What to do before, during, and after a
Typhoon.
Before the Typhoon:
 Store an adequate supply of food and clean
water
 Prepare foods that need not be cooked.
 Keep flashlights, candles and battery-powered
radios within easy reach.
 Examine your house and repair its unstable
parts.
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest
weather report.
 Harvest crops that can be yielded already.
 Secure domesticated animals in a safe place.
 For fisher folks, place boats in a safe area.
 Should you need to evacuate, bring clothes, first
aid kit, candles/flashlight, battery-powered
radio, food, etc. 
 
During the Typhoon:
 Stay inside the house.
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest
weather report.
 If safe drinking water is not available, boil water
for at least 20 minutes. Place it in a container
with cover.
 Keep an eye on lighted candles or gas lamps.
 Do not wade through floodwaters to avoid
being electrocuted and contracting diseases.
 If there is a need to move to an evacuation
center, follow these reminders.
 Evacuate calmly.
 Close the windows and turn off the main power
switch.
 Put important appliances and belongings in a
high ground.
 Avoid the way leading to the river.
 
After the Typhoon:
 If your house was destroyed, make sure that it
is already safe and stable when you enter.
 Beware of dangerous animals such as snakes
that may have entered your house
 Watch out for live wires or outlet immersed in
water.
 Report damaged electrical cables and fallen
electric posts to the authorities.
 Do not let water accumulate in tires, cans or
pots to avoid creating a favorable condition for
mosquito breeding.
Genetics
the study of heredity and variation of living organisms
and how genetic information is passed from one
generation to the next
Gene
a part of a chromosome that governs the expression of
a trait and is passed on to offspring; it has a specific
DNA sequence
Asexual reproduction
reproduction that requires only one parent and
produces genetically identical offspring
Sexual reproduction
reproduction that requires two parents and
produces genetically distinct offspring
Gamete
a male or female reproductive cell
Evolution
Change in a kind of organism over time; process by
which modern organisms have descended from ancient
organisms
Genetic variation
A variation of genes among a group of population
caused by mutation which permanently changes the
structure one's gene.

Zygote
a cell formed by the fusion of two gametes

Fertilization
in humans, the joining of male and female haploid
gametes

In vitro fertilization
the technique used to fertilize egg cells outside the
female's body
The functions of plant organs

Stem cell In plants, each organ has several jobs, or functions.

an undifferentiated cell that can develop and become
 Roots keep a plant in the ground. They also take
specialized into different cell types of the body
in water and nutrients from the soil.

 Leaves absorb sunlight, and make food for the

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; present in nearly all living cells,
main constituent of chromosomes, the carrier of
genetic information
Mutation
When a DNA sequence for a gene is changed. Mutations
can be hereditary or somatic (happens during
someone's life). Causes and scale of mutation varies.
plant by photosynthesis. The waste product of
photosynthesis, oxygen, escapes through tiny
holes in the leaves.
 The stem supports the leaves and flowers. It
also transports water and nutrients between
the roots and the leaves.
 Reproductive organs allow a plant to produce
new plants.

Together, the organs of a plant allow it to carry out the

Natural Selection seven processes of life.
Two major mechanisms that drive evolution are natural
selection and genetic drift.
Roots
Roots act like straws absorbing water and minerals from
the soil. Tiny root hairs stick out of the root, helping in
the absorption. Roots help to anchor the plant in the
soil so it does not fall over. Roots also store extra food
for future use.

Stems
Stems do many things. They support the plant. They act
like the plant's plumbing system, conducting water and
nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose
from the leaves to other plant parts. Stems can be
herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody
like the trunk of an oak tree.

Leaves
Most plants' food is made in their leaves. Leaves are
designed to capture sunlight which the plant uses to
make food through a process called photosynthesis.

Flowers
Flowers are the reproductive part of most plants.
Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs called ovules. After
pollination of the flower and fertilization of the ovule,
the ovule develops into a fruit.

Fruit
Fruit provides a covering for seeds. Fruit can be fleshy
like an apple or hard like a nut.

Seeds
Seeds contain new plants. Seeds form in fruit.