MATH 10 WORKSHEET 3

NAME ________________________________ SECTION:______________________________ SCORE:________________

LESSON 6: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
A. Unlock the hidden message by solving the probability of
Definition: Probability is the likelihood of an event to each problem. (Express your answer in lowest term)
happen. The probability runs on a scale from 0 to 1 or
0% to 100%. NOT - Landing a tail in toss of fair coin

 Impossible event has the probability of 0 or 0% BE - Getting an odd number less than 4 in a roll of fair
 Sure event has the probability of 1 or 100%. die
AS - Getting a number less than 7 in a roll of fair die
Terms to Remember
CAREFUL - Getting a three in a roll of fair die
 Experiment it is an activity by which an UNWISE - Getting a number greater than 10 in a roll of fair
observation or measurement can be made. die
 An outcome is a result of an experiment. HOW - Drawing a face card in a standard deck of cards
 Sample space is a set all possible outcomes BUT - Drawing an ace of hearts from a standard deck of
 Event is a subset of a sample space cards
WISE - Drawing a heart from a standard deck of cards
Types of events
 Simple event – an event with single outcome YOU - Drawing a number card in a standard deck of cards
Ex. roll a die and get a 2; the team winning a LIVE - Drawing 1 red marble from an urn containing 3 red
match marbles and 2 blue marbles
 Compound event – an event with two or more
outcomes. Hidden message:
Ex. tossing three coins and getting at least 2
heads; rolling an even number less than 5 on a _______ ___________ ________ ______ _________
die; and drawing a red ace from a deck of cards
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟗 𝟏
Number of Sample Space 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟓
The number of sample space, n(S), in:
 Tossing a coin is 2;
 Tossing three distinct fair coins simultaneously ______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
is 8;
 Rolling a fair die is 6; and 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
 Drawing a card from standard deck is 52. 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 𝟓𝟐 𝟒
PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT
If each of the outcomes in a sample space is equally LESSON 7: UNION OF EVENTS
likely to occur, then the probability of an event E, The union of events A and B, denoted AᴜB, is the set of
denoted as P(E) is given by: all basic outcomes in either A or B, or both. It
corresponds to combining descriptions of the two
P(E) = number of outcomes in the event (desired outcomes) events using the word “or”.
size of sample space (total number of outcomes)
U A B
Examples:
What is the probability of getting:
 a head in a single toss of fair coin? P(head) = ½
Figure 1. Union of Events A and B
 an even number in rolling a die? P(even) = 3/6 or ½
Examples:
 an ace in a standard deck of cards? P(ace) = 4/52 or
1. If you roll a die. You get a “5” or an even number.
1/13 Event A = {5} Event B = {2,4,6}
MATH 10 WORKSHEET 3
NAME ________________________________ SECTION:______________________________ SCORE:________________

Since it uses “or”, therefore it is a union of event.

AᴜB = {2,4,5,6}
2. Draw an ace or a club in a standard deck of cards?
Event A = {Ace of hearts, ace of diamonds, ace of
clubs, ace of spades}
Event B = {Ace of clubs, 2 of clubs, 3 of clubs , 4 of
clubs, 5 of clubs, 6 of clubs, 7 of clubs, 8 of clubs, 9 of
clubs, 10 of clubs, Jack of clubs, Queen of clubs, King
of clubs }
Event B = {Ace of clubs, 2 of clubs, 3 of clubs , 4 of
clubs, 5 of clubs, 6 of clubs, 7 of clubs, 8 of clubs, 9 of
clubs, 10 of clubs, Jack of clubs, Queen of clubs, King
of clubs }
Therefore, A∩B = { Ace of clubs }
B. Write UE if the events are union and IE if the events are
intersection.

Therefore, AᴜB = {4 Aces and 12 Clubs}
LESSON 8: INTERSECTION OF EVENTS
The intersection of events A and B, denoted A∩B, is the
set of all basic outcomes contained within both A and
B. It corresponds to combining descriptions of the two
events using the word “and”.
______ 12. Spinning a wheel with parts labelled 1 to 6. It stop
at 3 or a prime number
_______13.Choosing a red or a yellow candy in a bag of NIPS
containing 5 red, 8 blue and 10 yellow candies.
_______ 14. Picking a date in a calendar and the date of your
birthday.

U A _______ 15. A team wins in a volleyball match or a team

B loses.
_______ 16. Selecting a card from a standard 52 – card deck
that is a heart or an ace.

Figure 2: Intersection of Events A and B
Examples:
1. When a die is rolled. The number rolled is even and is
greater than two.
Event A(even number) = {2,4,6}
Event B(greater than two) = {3,4,5,6}
C. Read and analyze the problem carefully. Then, answer
the following questions:
Suppose you roll a pair of dice. Let A be the event that you
observe an even number. Let B be the event that you observe
a number greater than seven.

Since it uses an “and”, therefore, it is an intersection of 17. Event A = __________________________________

event.
A∩B = {4,6}
2. If you roll a die. You get a “5” and an even number. 18. Event B = _________________________________
Event A = {5} Event B = {2,4,6}
Therefore, A∩B = { }
19. What is the union of events A and B?
 Since there are no common elements between
Event A and Event B, the intersection is empty
or null set, { }. AᴜB = _____________________________

3. Draw an ace and a club in a standard deck of cards. 20. What is the intersection of events A and B?
Event A = {Ace of hearts, ace of diamonds, ace of
clubs, ace of spades} A∩B = _____________________________
MATH 10 WORKSHEET 3
NAME ________________________________ SECTION:______________________________ SCORE:________________

LESSON 9: PROBABILITY OF UNION OF TWO EVENTS D. Find the probability of the union of the following two
events.
Given any two events A and B, the probability of the
union of the events A and B is given by 21. What is the probability of getting a result of a number
less than 5 or an even number when you roll a fair die?
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
which sometimes written as
𝑷(𝑨 𝒐𝒓 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩)

We have learned that the union of events A and B, 22. What is the probability of getting a result of three or an
denoted as 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩, contains all the elements of the even number when you roll a fair die?
events A and B.
However, the sum of the individual probabilities of
A and B, denoted 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩), double counts each of
the common elements of the events A and B. So, we
have to subtract the intersection of events A and B.

Examples
1. What is the probability of rolling a four or an even 23. What is the probability of drawing a face card or a black
number in a single roll of a fair die? card in a single draw from a standard deck of playing cards?

24. What is the probability of randomly selecting a card from

a standard 52 – card deck that is a heart or an ace?

𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)

1 3 1
𝑃(4 ∪ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) = + −
6 6 6
4 1
𝑃(4 ∪ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) = −
6 6
4−1
𝑃(4 ∪ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) =
6
𝟑 𝟏 25. Suppose you roll two fair dice simultaneously. What is the
𝑷(𝟒 ∪ 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏) = 𝑜𝑟
𝟔 𝟐 probability of getting a double (two of the same number) or
2. What is the probability of rolling a two or an odd having a sum of ten?
number in a single roll of a fair die?
𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩) − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
*Since, there are no intersection in events A and events
B, therefore 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝟎
1 3
𝑃(2 ∪ 𝑜𝑑𝑑) = +
6 6
𝟒 𝟐
𝑷(𝟐 ∪ 𝒐𝒅𝒅) = 𝒐𝒓
𝟔 𝟑