Advanced Engineering Mathematics, by Erwin Kreyszig 10th. Ed.

Problem Set 2.7

No. 1

y"+5 y'+6 y = 2e − x

The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+5 y'+6 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 5 + 6 = 0 ( + 3)( + 2) = 0 1 = −3, 2 = −2

y1 = e −3x , y2 = e −2 x

yh = C1 y1 + C2 y2 = C1e −3 x + C2e −2 x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = 2e − x

Set y p = Ce − x

y ' p = −Ce − x y" p = Ce − x

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation y"+5 y'+6 y = 2e − x

( ) ( )
Ce − x + 5 − Ce − x + 6 Ce − x = 2e − x

(C − 5C + 6C )e − x = 2e− x 2Ce − x = 2e − x

C =1

y p = e− x

General sol. y (x ) = yh + y p = C1e −3 x + C2e −2 x + e − x

No. 2
10 y"+50 y'+57.6 y = cos x

The corresponding homogeneous equation 10 y"+50 y'+57.6 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 102 + 50 + 57.6 = 0 10( + 1.8)( + 3.2) = 0

1 = −1.8, 2 = −3.2 y1 = e −1.8 x , y2 = e −3.2 x

y h = C1 y1 + C2 y2 = C1e −1.8 x + C2 e −3.2 x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = cos x

Set y p = K cos x + M sin x

y' p = −K sin x + M cos x

 y" p = −K cos x − M sin x

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation

10 y"+50 y'+57.6 y = cos x

− 10K cos x − 10M sin x + 50(− K sin x + M cos x ) + 57.6(K cos x + M sin x ) = cos x

(− 10K + 50M + 57.6K ) cos x + (− 10M − 50K + 57.6M )sin x = cos x

(47.6K + 50M ) cos x + (− 50K + 47.6M )sin x = cos x

Equalize the coefficients ahead cos x and sin x
47.6 K + 50M = 1 (1)
− 50K + 47.6M = 0 (2)
(1)  50 + (2)  47.6 4765.76M = 50; M = 0.01049

(1)  47.6 + (2)  (− 50) 4765.76M = 47.6; K = 0.009988

y p = 0.009988cos x + 0.01049sin x

General sol. y(x ) = yh + y p = C1e −1.8 x + C2e −3.2 x + 0.009988cos x + 0.01049sin x

No. 3

y"+3 y'+2 y = 12x 2

The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+3 y'+2 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 3 + 2 = 0 ( + 2)( + 1) = 0 1 = −2, 2 = −1

y1 = e −2 x , y2 = e − x

y h = C1 y1 + C2 y2 = C1e −2 x + C2 e − x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = 12x 2

Set y p = K 2 x 2 + K1x + K o

y' p = 2K2 x + K1

y" p = 2K2

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation y"+3 y'+2 y = 12x 2

( )
2 K 2 + 3(2 K 2 x + K1 ) + 2 K 2 x 2 + K1x + K o = 12x 2

2 K 2 x 2 + (6 K 2 + 2 K1 )x + (2 K 2 + 3K1 + 2 K o ) = 12 x 2
 2 K 2 = 12; K 2 = 6

6 K 2 + 2 K1 = 0 K1 = −18

2K 2 + 3K1 + 2Ko = 0 Ko = 21

y p = 6 x 2 − 18x + 21

General sol. y(x ) = yh + y p = C1−2 x + C2e − x + 6 x 2 − 18x + 21

No. 11

y"+4 y = 8x 2 , y(0) = −3, y' (0) = 0

The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+4 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 4 = 0  = 2i

y A = cos x, y B = sin 2 x

y h = Ay A + By B = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x

In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = 8x 2

Set y p = K 2 x 2 + K1x + K o

y' p = 2K 2 x + K1 y" p = 2K2

Substitute y" p , y' p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation

y"+4 y = 8x 2

2 K 2 + 4 K 2 x 2 + 4 K1x + 4 K o = 8 x 2

4 K 2 x 2 + 4 K1x + 2 K 2 + 4 K o = 8 x 2

Equalize the coefficients ahead terms on both sides.

4 K 2 = 8; K2 = 2

4 K1 = 0; K1 = 0

2K 2 + 4Ko = 0; Ko = −1

y p = 2x2 − 1

General sol. y(x ) = yh + y p = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x + 2 x 2 − 1

y ' (x ) = −2 A sin 2 x + 2 B cos 2 x + 4 x
Substitute the initial values, y(0) = −3, y' (0) = 0 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
 y(0) = A cos 0 + B sin 0 + 2  0 − 1 = A − 1 = −3
y' (0) = −2 A sin 0 + 2 B cos 0 + 4  0 = 2 B = 0
A = −2, B = 0 are obtained.

Particular solution y(x ) = −2 cos 2 x + 2 x 2 − 1

No. 12
y"+4 y = −12 sin 2 x, y(0) = 1.8, y ' (0) = 5.0
The corresponding homogeneous equation y"+4 y = 0

Auxiliary equation 2 + 4 = 0  = 2i

1= 2i,  2 = −2i y A = cos 2 x, y B = sin 2 x

y h = Ay A + By B = A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x
In the nonhomogeneous equation r (x ) = −12 sin 2 x
The term sin 2 x is the same as y B = sin 2 x , we modify

y p = x(K cos 2x + M sin 2x)

y' p = K cos 2x + M sin 2x + x(− 2K sin 2x + 2M cos 2x) = (K + 2Mx) cos 2x + (− 2Kx + M )sin 2x

y" p = 2M cos 2x − 2(K + 2Mx )sin 2x − 2K sin 2x + 2(− 2Kx + M )cos 2x

= (2M + 2M − 4 Kx )cos 2 x − (2 K + 2 K + 4Mx )sin 2 x

= (4M − 4 Kx )cos 2 x − (4 K + 4Mx )sin 2 x

Substitute y" p , y p into the nonhomogeneous equation

y"+4 y = −12 sin 2 x

(4M − 4Kx ) cos 2 x − (4K + 4Mx )sin 2 x + 4 x(K cos 2 x + M sin 2 x ) = −12 sin 2 x
(4M − 4Kx + 4Kx ) cos 2 x − (4K + 4Mx − 4Mx )sin 2 x = −12 sin 2 x
4M cos 2 x − 4K sin 2 x = −12 sin 2 x
Equalize each term on both sides.
4M = 0; M=0
− 4K = −12; K =3

y p = 3x cos 2 x

General sol. y(x) = yh + y p = A cos 2x + B sin 2x + 3x cos 2x

y ' (x ) = −2 A sin 2 x + 2 B cos 2 x + 3 cos 2 x − 6 x sin 2 x

Substitute the initial values, y (0) = 1.8, y ' (0) = 5.0 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
y(0) = A cos 0 + B sin 0 + 3  0 cos 0 = A = 1.8
y' (0) = −2 A sin 0 + 2 B cos 0 + 3 cos 0 − 6  0 sin 0 = 2 B + 3 = 5.0
A = 1.8, B = 1 are obtained.

Particular solution y(x ) = 1.8 cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 3x cos 2 x