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2EMHWLYRVHVSHFtILFRV
ƒ 'HILQLUOtPLWHOtPLWHVODWHUDOHVFRQWLQXLGDG
ƒ *UDILFDUHQFRRUGHQDGDVFDUWHVLDQDV\WDEXODU
ƒ 'HWHUPLQDU SURSLHGDGHV GH ODV IXQFLRQHV ORFDOHV  SRORV SXQWRV GH GLVFRQWLQXLGDG  \
JHQHUDOHV LQWHUYDORV GH FRQWLQXLGDG LQWHUYDORV GH HTXLYDOHQFLD HQWUH IXQFLRQHV  XVDQGR
OtPLWHV
ƒ &RPSDUDUYDORUHVGHIXQFLRQHVHQXQHQWRUQR
ƒ (QFRQWUDU OtPLWHV GH IXQFLRQHV YLQFXODGDV SRU RSHUDFLRQHV D SDUWLU GH ORV OtPLWHV
LQGLYLGXDOHVGHODVFRPSRQHQWHV
ƒ 'HWHUPLQDUHQWRUQRVGHDSUR[LPDFLyQ\HUURUHVHQYDORUHVGHXQDIXQFLyQ

,QWURGXFFLyQDOFRQFHSWRGHOtPLWH

'DGDODIXQFLyQI [  [¢DTXpYDORUVHDFHUFDIVLQRVDFHUFDPRVFRQ[D"

6LQRVDFHUFDPRVD[ GHVGHODL]TXLHUGDGH

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  I [  
 
«« «
 

0LHQWUDVTXHVLQRVDFHUFDPRVD[ GHVGHODGHUHFKDGH

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  [ 
 
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« «
 

(QQRWDFLyQPDWHPiWLFD Lim ( x + 3 ) = 5
x→2

(QIRUPDJHQHUDO Lim f ( x ) HVWXGLDHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHI [ FXDQGR[VHDFHUFDD³D´

x→ a
3RUHVRGHFLPRVTXHFXDQGR[VHDFHUFDRWLHQGHDHOYDORU³D´ODIXQFLyQVHDFHUFDRWLHQGHDO
YDORU/(QWRQFHV/HVHOOtPLWHGHODIXQFLyQ
(QHOHMHPSORDQWHULRUGHFLPRVTXHODIXQFLyQWLHQHOtPLWHILQLWR\HVFXDQGR[WLHQGHD
(QIRUPDJHQHUDO Lim f ( x ) = L VLJQLILFDTXHFXDQGR[HVWiFHUFDSHURGLILHUHGH³D´I [ HVWi
x →a
FHUFDGH/

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Lim f ( x ) = 2
x→3

PLHQWUDVTXHI   

(MHPSOR

[ − 
I [ = ¢DTXpYDORUVHDFHUFDI [ FXDQGR[VHDFHUFDD"
[−

[ I[
  [ − 
/LP =
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 /DIUDFFLyQGHODIXQFLyQVHSXHGHUHGXFLUD
 XQDIUDFFLyQFX\RGHQRPLQDGRUQRVHDLJXDO
  D
 
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/LPLWHVODWHUDOHV

6LQRVDFHUFDPRVDFSRUODL]TXLHUGD
ODIXQFLyQVHDFHUFDD³D´PLHQWUDV
TXHVLQRVDFHUFDPRVDFSRUOD
GHUHFKDODIXQFLyQVHDFHUFDD³E´
(VWRHV
Lim− f ( x ) = a
x→ c

Lim+ f ( x ) = b
x→ c



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3RUORWDQWR
Lim f ( x ) = L sí y sólo sí Lim+ f ( x ) = Lim− f ( x ) = L
x →a x →a x →a

 

Lim f ( x ) = +∞ Lim− f ( x ) = −∞
x→2 x →3
      
Lim+ f ( x ) = +∞
x →3

'HILQLFLyQGHOtPLWHILQLWR

6HGLFHTXHHOOtPLWHGHXQDIXQFLyQI [ FXDQGR[WLHQGHD³D´HVHOQ~PHUR/VL\VyORVtSDUDWRGR
ÝPD\RUTXHFHURH[LVWHSRUORPHQRVXQQ~PHUR™PD\RUTXHFHURTXHGHSHQGHGHÝWDOTXHVH
YHULILFDTXH 0 < x − a < ∂ Ÿ f ( x ) − L < ε
(VWRHTXLYDOHDGHFLUTXH x ∈ E * ( a ; δ ) Ÿ f ( x ) ∈ E ( L ; ε )

/Ý G PLQ^GG`
/
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  D 
   G G

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3UXHEHTXH Lim ( 3 x − 7 ) = 5 3DUDHOORWHQHPRVTXHHQFRQWUDUXQGTXHGHSHQGHGHÝTXH

x →4

YHULILTXH 0 < x − 4 < δ Ÿ ( 3 x − 7 ) − 5 < ε 

 x −  −  < ε ⇔  x −  < ε
⇔  x −  < ε
⇔  [   < ε
ε
⇔ [   < 3RUORWDQWRVLG ÝVHYHULILFD

ODGHILQLFLyQGHOtPLWH
¢3DUDTXpYDORUGHGTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDÝ HQODGHILQLFLyQGHOtPLWHSDUDODIXQFLyQ
I [ = [ −  FRQD "
L = Lim f x = 
x →

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 ⇔  < [ −  < 

(QWRQFHV  ⇔  < [ −  <  
 ⇔  < [ < 
Ÿ δ = \δ  = 

  G PLQ^GG` 

¢4XpSXHGHVXFHGHUHQWUHODIXQFLyQ\VXOtPLWH"

   I [     I [ 
 I D  /     /

  D   D
   

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[→ D

3URSLHGDGHVGHORVOtPLWHV
/DVVLJXLHQWHVUHJODVVRQYiOLGDV

  Lim k = k  N = FRQVWDQWH

x→c

(MHPSOR /LP=
[ →

 
/LP[= F
[ →F

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ÈOJHEUDGHOtPLWHV
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D 
 Lim[ f x + g x ] = L + M
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[ → [ → [ →

E 
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[→F

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F 
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  /LP « » = [ →F  =  FRQ
 0≠
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J [ 0

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G  /LP[I [ ]Q = /Q
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(QWRQFHV /LP I [  I D 
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[ →

[ − 
(MHPSOR /LP ≠ I  SRUTXH²'RP I 
[ → [−

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/tPLWHVODWHUDOHV
(VWRVVRQORVOtPLWHVTXHVHREWLHQHQFXDQGR[WLHQGHD³D´GHVGHXQVRORODGR

/tPLWHVSRUL]TXLHUGD /, 

/LP− I [ = / , ⇔ ∀ε >  ∃ δ ε >  

[ →D

∀[ D  δ < [ < D Ÿ I [  / , < ε

/
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/tPLWHSRUGHUHFKD /' 

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∀[ D < [ < D + δ Ÿ I [  / ' < ε

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[ →D

(MHPSOR Ò1,&2

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/LP I D = +∞ ⇔ ∀0 >  ∃δ >  

[ →D

0  ∀[  < [  D < δ Ÿ I [ > 0

       
       

 DGDDG

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/LP I [ = −∞ ⇔∀1 < ∃δ >  
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1


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−[
(MHPSOR I [ =
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− x ªº − x− −
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= « » = Lim 
= Lim 
= −∞
x→ x− ¬  ¼ x → x −  x → x − 

/tPLWHLQILQLWRSDUD[| ˆ

Lim f x = ∞ ⇔∀m > ∃1 >  

x →∞

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I [ = [

P

    1 

/tPLWHILQLWRSDUD[| ˆ


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/
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1

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SRVLEOHPHQWHHQ[ F6XSyQJDVHWDPELpQTXH Lim g x = Lim h x = L
x →c x→c

(QWRQFHV Lim f x = L
x→c

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ID

ID ID


D D
D
IHVFRQWLQXD IQRHVFRQWLQXD IQRHVFRQWLQXD

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8QDIXQFLyQHVcontinua a la derecha de “a”VL([LVWHI D \ I D = /LP+ I [

[ →D
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(Q[ HVFRQWLQXDDGHUHFKDSRUTXH

I    /LP+ PDQW [
[ →


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(MHPSORODVLJXLHQWHIXQFLyQHVFRQWLQXDDGHUHFKDGH[ SHURQRORHVDL]TXLHUGDGH[ 

       

 

  
   
 

'HFLPRVHQWRQFHV “f es continua en [a;b] si es continua en (a;b) y presenta continuidad a

derecha de a y a izquierda de b´

(MHPSOR I [ =  − [  HV
FRQWLQXDHQ>@SRUTXHHV
FRQWLQXDHQ  \DGHUHFKDGH
\DL]TXLHUGDGH



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GLVFRQWLQXDVesenciales

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x −
HV f x = I  QRH[LVWHSHURVtH[LVWH
− x
x −
Lim = −
x →  − x

­[ −
° [ ≠ 
f x ®  − x
/DIXQFLyQ
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H[LVWHI  \H[LVWH Lim f x
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D

D D

1RH[LVWH /LP I [ 1RH[LVWHOtPLWHILQLWRHQD 1RH[LVWH /LP I [

[→ D [→ D

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Si f es continua en un intervalo [a;b] y el

signo de f(a) es distinto del signo de f(b)
ID (Sign(f(a)) œ Sign(f(b)) entonces debe
existir al menos un “c” del (a;b) tal que
  E f(c) = 0.

I E DF

7HRUHPDGHOYDORULQWHUPHGLR
Si f es continua en [a;b] y k es un número comprendido entre f(a) y f(b) entonces debe existir un c
de (a;b) tal que f(c) = k

)E
IE

N N
ID

ID
DFE DE
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1º) Si una función es continua en un intervalo cerrado, entonces alcanza en dicho intervalo un
máximo y un mínimo.

IE 0D[DEV
0D[ )E 0D[DEV

ID ) D PLQDEV
PLQDEV PLQDEV

DE
DE DE

2º) Toda función continua en un intervalo cerrado, es acotada en dicho intervalo.

,1),1,7e6,026

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sen x WJ [ [ [
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[

 
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HQWRQFHVODUHFWD\ HVDVtQWRWD
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[ → [ [ → [

HQWRQFHV[ HVDVtQWRWDYHUWLFDO

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[ →D [ →D

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/DUHFWDGHHFXDFLyQ\ D[E Dœ HVDVtQWRWDREOLFXDGHODJUiILFDGHXQD

IXQFLyQ\ I [ VL
 /LP[I [ − D[ + E ] = 
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T [
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q x q x
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[ −   [ −  

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