You are on page 1of 6

e e a Eå<MDG >J=FL=

Kakl]eY·[Yjl]kaYfg·]·hgflg (/ =
KAKL=E9·;9JL=KA9FG· · y

;GGJ<=F9<9K·<=·ME·HGFLG 2º Q 1º Q

O x
6HMDP H GRLV HL[RV SHUSHQGLFXODUHV HQWUH VL H FRP 3º Q 4º Q
RULJHP FRPXP 2, conforme a gura a seguir:

y
ll 1HVWH FXUVR D UHWD VXSRUWH GDV ELVVHWUL]HV GR H GR
TXDGUDQWHV VHUi FKDPDGD ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV
tPSDUHV H LQGLFDGD SRU E L $ GR H TXDGUDQWHV
O x
VHUi FKDPDGD ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV SDUHV H
LQGLFDGD SRU ES

y
1HVVDV FRQGLo}HV GL] VH TXH H IRUPDP XP VLVWHPD bp bi
FDUWHVLDQR UHWDQJXODU RX RUWRJRQDO H R SODQR SRU HOHV
GHWHUPLQDGR p FKDPDGR SODQR FDUWHVLDQR
x
O
(L[R RX 2[ HL[R GDV DEVFLVVDV

(L[R RX 2 HL[R GDV RUGHQDGDV

2 RULJHP GR VLVWHPD

$ FDGD SRQWR 3 GR SODQR FRUUHVSRQGHUmR GRLV Q~PHURV


Hjghja]\Y\]k
D DEVFLVVD H e RUGHQDGD DVVRFLDGRV jV SURMHo}HV
l 7RGR SRQWR 3 D E GR TXDGUDQWH WHP DEVFLVVD
RUWRJRQDLV GH 3 VREUH R HL[R H VREUH R HL[R UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
SRVLWLYD D ! H RUGHQDGD SRVLWLYD E ! H
$VVLP R SRQWR 3 WHP FRRUGHQDGDV D H e H VHUi LQGLFDGR UHFLSURFDPHQWH
DQDOLWLFDPHQWH SHOR SDU RUGHQDGR D E
3 D E ∈ 4⇔D! HE!
y
b P(a, b)
$VVLP 3 ∈ 4

O a x P
2

1R D
1HVWH HVWXGR VHUi XWLOL]DGR VRPHQWH R VLVWHPD FDUWHVLDQR O 3 x
UHWDQJXODU TXH VHUi FKDPDGR VLPSOHVPHQWH VLVWHPD
FDUWHVLDQR
ll 7RGR SRQWR 3 D E GR TXDGUDQWH WHP DEVFLVVD
2%6(59$d (6 QHJDWLYD D H RUGHQDGD SRVLWLYD E ! H
UHFLSURFDPHQWH
l 2V HL[RV H GLYLGHP R SODQR FDUWHVLDQR HP TXDWUR
UHJL}HV RX TXDGUDQWHV 4 TXH VmR QXPHUDGRV FRPR
na gura a seguir: 3 D E ∈ 4⇔D HE!

alg fgmdda
>j]fl]·= E \mdg·(/

$VVLP 3 ∈ 4 Yl 7RGR SRQWR GR HL[R GDV RUGHQDGDV WHP DEVFLVVD QXOD


H UHFLSURFDPHQWH
y

3 D E ∈2 ⇔D
P
2
$VVLP 3 ∈2

–3 O x y
3 P

lll 7RGR SRQWR 3 D E GR TXDGUDQWH WHP DEVFLVVD


QHJDWLYD D H RUGHQDGD QHJDWLYD E H
O x
UHFLSURFDPHQWH

Yll 7RGR SRQWR 3 D E GD ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV


3 D E ∈ 4⇔D HE
tPSDUHV WHP DEVFLVVD H RUGHQDGD LJXDLV D E H
UHFLSURFDPHQWH
$VVLP 3 ∈ 4

y 3 D E ∈ EL ⇔ D E

–3
O x
$VVLP 3 ∈ EL

y
–2 bi
P
–2
O x
P –2
lY 7RGR SRQWR 3 D E GR TXDGUDQWH WHP DEVFLVVD
SRVLWLYD D ! H RUGHQDGD QHJDWLYD E H
Ylll 7RGR SRQWR 3 D E GD ELVVHWUL] GRV TXDGUDQWHV
UHFLSURFDPHQWH
SDUHV WHP DEVFLVVD H RUGHQDGD RSRVWDV D E H
UHFLSURFDPHQWH
3 D E ∈ 4⇔D! HE

3 D E ∈ ES ⇔ D E
$VVLP 3 ∈ 4

y $VVLP 3 ∈ ES
3 y
O x bp P
2

–2
P
–2 O x

Y 7RGR SRQWR GR HL[R GDV DEVFLVVDV WHP RUGHQDGD QXOD


H UHFLSURFDPHQWH
HGFLG·Ez<AG
&RQVLGHUHP VH RV SRQWRV $ [$ $
H % [% %
6HQGR
3 D E ∈ 2[ ⇔ E
0 [0 0
R SRQWR PpGLR GH AB RX BA WHP VH
$VVLP 3 ∈ 2[ xA + xB yA + yB
[0 H 0
y 2 2

2X VHMD R SRQWR 0 p GDGR SRU

x +x y + yB 
P M A B
, A 
 2 2 
O 3 x  

gd g lm g
a l e l a fg hgflg

hpRQv UD mR 3HOR 7HRUHPD GH 7DOHV SDUD R HL[R SRGHPRV HVFUHYHU

y
$* *0
B
B”(yB)
[* [$ [0 [* ⇒ [* [$ [0
M
M”(yM)
xB + x C
( FRPR [0 WHP VH
A 2
A”(yA)
x +x  xA + xB + xC
[* [$  B C
 ⇒ [*
 2  3
O A’(xA) M’(xM) B’(xB) x
$QDORJDPHQWH SDUD R HL[R WHP VH
6H 0 p SRQWR PpGLR GH AB RX BA SHOR 7HRUHPD GH 7DOHV
SDUD R HL[R SRGH VH HVFUHYHU yA + yB + yC
*
3
$0 0 % ⇒ [0 [$ [% [0 ⇒

xA + xB
[0 [$ [% ⇒ [0
2
y A + yB
<AKLÜF;A9·=FLJ=·<GAK·HGFLGK
$QDORJDPHQWH SDUD R HL[R WHP VH 0
2

E9L=EÞLA;9
3RUWDQWR DV FRRUGHQDGDV GR SRQWR PpGLR 0 GR VHJPHQWR &RQVLGHUHP VH GRLV SRQWRV GLVWLQWRV $ [$ $
H % [% %

AB RX BA VmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH DV PpGLDV DULWPpWLFDV GDV WDLV TXH R VHJPHQWR AB QmR VHMD SDUDOHOR D DOJXP GRV HL[RV
DEVFLVVDV GH H % H GDV RUGHQDGDV GH H% FRRUGHQDGRV

7UDoDQGR VH SRU H % DV UHWDV SDUDOHODV DRV HL[RV

:9JA;=FLJG·<=·ME· FRRUGHQDGRV TXH VH LQWHUFHSWDP HP WHP VH R WULkQJXOR


$&% UHWkQJXOR HP
LJAÜF?MDG
y
6HMD R WULkQJXOR $%& GH YpUWLFHV $ [$ $
% [% %
H yB B
& [& &
2 EDULFHQWUR SRQWR GH HQFRQWUR GDV PHGLDQDV
GR WULkQJXOR $%& WHP FRRUGHQDGDV d
∆y ∆y
xA + xB + xC yA + yB + yC A
[* H *
yA C
3 3 ∆x

2X VHMD R SRQWR p GDGR SRU O xA ∆x xB x

x +x +x y + yB + yC  $ GLVWkQFLD HQWUH RV SRQWRV H % TXH VH LQGLFD SRU G p


G A B C
, A 
 3 3  WDO TXH
 

hpRQv UD mR
(x ) + (y )
2 2
G A
− xB A
− yB
y
C

2%6(59$d (6
G M
l &RPR [% [$ [$ [% D RUGHP HVFROKLGD SDUD
A B D GLIHUHQoD GDV DEVFLVVDV QmR DOWHUD R FiOFXOR GH G
2 PHVPR RFRUUH FRP D GLIHUHQoD GDV RUGHQDGDV
O A’(xA) G’(xG) M’(xM) x

ll $ IyUPXOD SDUD R FiOFXOR GD GLVWkQFLD FRQWLQXD YiOLGD VH


&RQVLGHUDQGR D PHGLDQD AM R EDULFHQWUR p WDO TXH
R VHJPHQWR AB p SDUDOHOR D XP GRV HL[RV RX DLQGD
$* *0 VH RV SRQWRV H % FRLQFLGHP FDVR HP TXH G

alg fgmdda
>j]fl]·= E \mdg·(/

=P=J; ;AGK·<=·>AP9yãG 8)0* 2V SRQWRV $ % H & D E VmR


YpUWLFHV GH XP WULkQJXOR HTXLOiWHUR QR SODQR FDUWHVLDQR
&RQVLGHUDQGR VH HVVD VLWXDomR p 255(72 a rmar que
8)0* 1HVWD ILJXUD HVWi UHSUHVHQWDGR XP
TXDGUDGR GH YpUWLFHV $%& 4
$ E D
3
y
4 7
C % E D
3 6

4
& E D
3
B(3, 4)
D(a, b) 4 3
E D
3 2

O A(0, 0) x
=P=J; ;AGK·HJGHGKLGK
6DEH VH TXH DV FRRUGHQDGDV FDUWHVLDQDV GRV SRQWRV
)89(67 63 6HMDP $ H % GRLV SRQWRV GR
H % VmR $ H% (QWmR p 255(72 a rmar
SODQR FDUWHVLDQR 1HVVH SODQR R VHJPHQWR AC p REWLGR
TXH R UHVXOWDGR GD VRPD GDV FRRUGHQDGDV GR YpUWLFH p
GR VHJPHQWR AB SRU XPD URWDomR GH QR VHQWLGR
1 3
$ % & DQWL KRUiULR HP WRUQR GR SRQWR $V FRRUGHQDGDV GR
2 2
SRQWR VmR

8)0* 6HMD 3 D E XP SRQWR QR SODQR FDUWHVLDQR $ ¹3


WDO TXH D H E $V UHWDV SDUDOHODV DRV HL[RV  5
% 1 + 3 , 
FRRUGHQDGRV TXH SDVVDP SRU 3 GLYLGHP R TXDGUDGR GH  2 

YpUWLFHV H QDV UHJL}HV , ,, & ¹3
III e IV, como mostrado nesta gura:
¹3
y ( ¹3 ¹3

2 0DFNHQ]LH 63
y
IV III

b P
I II A B

O a 2 x

&RQVLGHUH R SRQWR 4 ¹a + b DE
O x
(QWmR p 255(72 a rmar que o ponto 4 HVWi QD UHJLmR
$ , & ,,, A gura mostra uma semicircunferência com centro na
RULJHP 6H R SRQWR p ¹2 HQWmR R SRQWR % p
% ,, ,9
$ ¹2 ¹5
&HVJUDQULR 2V SRQWRV 0 1 3 H 4 GR  VmR RV YpUWLFHV % ¹2 ( ¹5
GH XP SDUDOHORJUDPR VLWXDGR QR SULPHLUR TXDGUDQWH
& ¹5
6H 0 1 H3 HQWmR R YpUWLFH 4 p
$
8)0* 6H $ % & VmR RV YpUWLFHV
% (
1 1 
& GH XP TXDGUDGR HQWmR 3  ,  SHUWHQFH
3 3
$ DR ODGR AB
8)0* $ iUHD GH XP TXDGUDGR TXH WHP $ H%
% DR ODGR BC
FRPR YpUWLFHV RSRVWRV p
$ & DR ODGR CD

% ( j GLDJRQDO AC

& ( j GLDJRQDO BD

gd g lm g
a l e l a fg hgflg

8)0* 6HMD 3 [ XP SRQWR HTXLGLVWDQWH GRV HL[RV 8& % 06 8P WULkQJXOR WHP YpUWLFHV $ %
coordenados e de distância 1 da origem. Pode-se a rmar & (QWmR D PHGLDQD AM PHGH
TXH R Q~PHUR GH SRQWRV TXH VDWLVID]HP HVVDV FRQGLo}HV p
$ XF
$
% XF
% (
& XF
&
XF

8)0* $ GLVWkQFLD HQWUH RV SRQWRV $ D D H% ( XF


p ¹26. Pode-se a rmar que os 3266 9(,6 YDORUHV GH D VmR
$ ¹2 H ¹2 )(, 63 2V SRQWRV < H = SRVVXHP UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
% ¹2 H ¹2 DV VHJXLQWHV FRRUGHQDGDV QR SODQR FDUWHVLDQR
& H P Q Q 6H = p R SRQWR PpGLR GR VHJPHQWR XY HQWmR

H $ P
( H % P

& Q
8)0* 6HMD 4 D XP SRQWR GR TXDGUDQWH
P
2 YDORU GH D SDUD TXH D GLVWkQFLD GR SRQWR 3 D DR
SRQWR 4 VHMD p ( Q

¹2 ¹2

E9L=EÞLA;9
$
% ¹2 ( (UCSal-BA) Na gura, o triângulo ABC é equilátero, sendo

& ¹2 H % UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH RV SRQWRV H

y
C
8)23 0* 2 EDULFHQWUR GH XP WULkQJXOR p R
SRQWR GH HQFRQWUR GH VXDV PHGLDQDV 6HQGR DVVLP
DV FRRUGHQDGDV FDUWHVLDQDV GR EDULFHQWUR GR WULkQJXOR
GH YpUWLFHV H VmR

 4  3
$  0, −  &  0, − 
 3  4
A
 5 1 3 O B x
%  0, −   ,− 
 4 2 2

$V FRRUGHQDGDV GR SRQWR VmR


8)$/ 6HMDP 3 H R SRQWR 4 GH DEVFLVVD ORFDOL]DGR
$ ¹3
QR TXDGUDQWH 6H D GLVWkFLD GH 4 D 3 p LJXDO j GLVWkQFLD
GH 4 DR HL[R GDV DEVFLVVDV HQWmR 4 p R SRQWR % (

5  & ¹3
$  , 4 
2
 5 8)8 0* &RQVLGHUH QR SODQR FDUWHVLDQR FRP RULJHP 2
% 4, 
 2
XP WULkQJXOR FXMRV YpUWLFHV % H WrP FRRUGHQDGDV
&
H UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH 6H 0 H 1 VmR
RV SRQWRV PpGLRV GH AB H BC UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH D iUHD
(
GR WULkQJXOR 201 VHUi LJXDO D

8(&( 6H R SRQWR 3 [ p HTXLGLVWDQWH GRV SRQWRV 5


$ XD
2 0 H1 HQWmR [ p LJXDO D 3

$ 8
% XD
% 5
& & XD

3
XD
( 1GD 2

alg fgmdda
>j]fl]·= E \mdg·(/

K=yãG·=F=E (QHP 8P IRJXHWH IRL ODQoDGR GR PDUFR ]HUR GH


XPD HVWDomR H DSyV DOJXQV VHJXQGRV DWLQJLX D SRVLomR

(QHP -RVp H $QW{QLR YLDMDUmR HP VHXV FDUURV FRP (6, 6, 7) no espaço, conforme mostra a gura. As distâncias
VmR PHGLGDV HP TXLO{PHWURV
DV UHVSHFWLYDV IDPtOLDV SDUD D FLGDGH GH 6HUUD %UDQFD
&RP D LQWHQomR GH VHJXLU YLDJHP MXQWRV FRPELQDP XP z

HQFRQWUR QR PDUFR LQLFLDO GD URGRYLD RQGH FKHJDUmR


GH PRGR LQGHSHQGHQWH HQWUH PHLR GLD H KRUD GD
tarde. Entretanto, como não querem car muito tempo
HVSHUDQGR XP SHOR RXWUR FRPELQDP TXH R SULPHLUR TXH (6, 6, 7)

FKHJDU DR PDUFR LQLFLDO HVSHUDUi SHOR RXWUR QR Pi[LPR


PHLD KRUD DSyV HVVH WHPSR VHJXLUi YLDJHP VR]LQKR
&KDPDQGR GH R KRUiULR GH FKHJDGD GH -RVp H GH R
KRUiULR GH FKHJDGD GH $QW{QLR H UHSUHVHQWDQGR RV SDUHV
(0, 0, 0)
[ HP XP VLVWHPD GH HL[RV FDUWHVLDQRV D UHJLmR 2345 x
LQGLFDGD D VHJXLU FRUUHVSRQGH DR FRQMXQWR GH WRGDV DV
SRVVLELOLGDGHV SDUD R SDU [
y
Chegada de
Antônio &RQVLGHUDQGR TXH R IRJXHWH FRQWLQXRX VXD WUDMHWyULD
P Q
1 PDV VH GHVORFRX NP SDUD IUHQWH QD GLUHomR GR
(13h)
HL[R [ NP SDUD WUiV QD GLUHomR GR HL[R H NP SDUD
IUHQWH QD GLUHomR GR HL[R ] HQWmR R IRJXHWH DWLQJLX D
SRVLomR
$
O R % (
0 1 Chegada
(12h) (13h) de José &

1D UHJLmR LQGLFDGD R FRQMXQWR GH SRQWRV TXH UHSUHVHQWD


R HYHQWR -RVp H $QW{QLR FKHJDP DR PDUFR LQLFLDO ?9:9JALG
H[DWDPHQWH QR PHVPR KRUiULR FRUUHVSRQGH
>apY„‚g
$ j GLDJRQDO 24

% j GLDJRQDO 35 % % $ $ %

& DR ODGR 34

DR ODGR 45 Hjghgklgk
( DR ODGR 25
$ %

2 PDSD GH FHUWD FLGDGH IRL GLYLGLGR HP TXDWUR TXDGUDQWHV $ &


SRU PHLR GH GXDV UHWDV SHUSHQGLFXODUHV H QXPHUDGDV TXH
VH FRUWDP QR SRQWR FDGD XP GHOHV FRUUHVSRQGHQGR
D XP TXDGUDQWH GR SODQR FDUWHVLDQR 2 VHQWLGR SRVLWLYR GR
$
HL[R p R QRUWH H R VHQWLGR SRVLWLYR GR HL[R p R OHVWH
Edi cações que, nessa cidade, estiverem a mais de um & &
TXLO{PHWUR D RHVWH H D PDLV GH XP TXLO{PHWUR DR QRUWH
(
GR SRQWR HVWDUmR ORFDOL]DGDV QR

$ SULPHLUR TXDGUDQWH $

% VHJXQGR TXDGUDQWH

& WHUFHLUR TXDGUDQWH K]„‚g·=f]e


TXDUWR TXDGUDQWH
$ % %
( SRQWR

gd g lm g

You might also like