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Vaf Fonksiyonlar 3
Vaf Fonksiyonlar 3
:adafe]q]fda=ĕalkardacd]j%AA
dDUSÖPYH%|OP%LoLPLQGHNL Örnek - 4
(þLWVL]OLNOHULQ*HQHOd|]P PQROPDN]HUH
h ax + b veya ax E[FELoLPLQGHNLLIDGHOHULQoDU-
2
P[QÃP[²Q
S×P×YH\DE|OPKDOLQGHNLHüLWVL]OLNOHULQo|]P
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
NPHVLEXOXQXUNHQKHUoDUSDQ×QYHSD\GDGDNL
LIDGHQLQN|NOHULEXOXQXSLüDUHWWDEORVXQD\D]×O×U n n
–
m m
+ – +
Örnek - 1
n n
a m,- m k
(x2²[²Ã²[
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
–1 1 8
+ – + –
Örnek - 5
²²@»>@
²²@ >@
(x + 2) · (x - 4)
x ≤0
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
–2 0 4
Örnek - 2 – + – + ²²@C@
²²@ @
(x2²[Ã[
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
²²@» {3}
²²@
Örnek - 6
2 4 – – – +
²^`
– + + ROXU ²²@»
²²@ »
»^`
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
NOT UYARI
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
Örnek - 10
–2 1 3 (x2 – 3x + 7)(x – 5) > 0
– + – +
(x – 2)(x2 + 5x + 4) < 0 HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
² ² » ²
5
– +
Örnek - 8
4 5
≤
x-5 x-4
68 HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
5
Örnek - 11
4
- ≤0
x-5 x-4 4 5 9 (4 – x)(x2[P!
-x + 9 + – + –
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVL±•ROGXāXQD
≤0
^x 4h^x 5h
(4, 5) » J|UHPKDQJLDUDOÖNWDGHāHUOHUDOÖU"
4 [ ROPDO×
+ –
D<0
4 – 4·m < 0
m>1
Örnek - 9 m A
15 18
- + 2 ≥-2
x x
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
²[ ²[ [
[ ² [
3 x =6
x= 3
2 b- ∞, l , ^6, ∞h - {0}
2
+ – +
UYARI
h D!LVHDx!G×U
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
Örnek - 12
%ÿ/*ÿ
3 x - 5 ·(x - 4)
>0
(x 2 + 2x - 3) (x - 1) h ax2E[F GHQNOHPLQLQJHUoHNN|NOHUL
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāODPD\DQ[LQDODELOHFHāLIDUNOÖ YDUVDG×U\RNVDG×U
WDPVD\ÖGHāHUOHULWRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
–3 1 4
+ – – +
GHQNOHPLQLQJHUoHNN|NOHULROPDGÖāÖQDJ|UHP
nin DODELOHFHāLGHāHUOHULQNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
%ÿ/*ÿ
ROPDO×
a > 1 ve ax > ayLVH[!\GLU
DROPDO×
h
(–(m + 1))2 – 4·1·(–2m – 2) < 0
h 0 < a < 1 ve ax > ayLVH[\GLU (m + 1)2 + 8(m + 1) < 0
(m + 1) (m + 9) < 0
–9 –1
+ – +
(–9, –1)
Örnek - 13
2
c m ≥c m
1 x - 5x
1 -4
5 5
69
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQWDPVD\ÖODUÖQWRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
x2²[²
1 4
UYARI
+ – +
ýüDUHWWDEORVXQGDPXWODNGHÿHULQN|NOHULoLIWNDWO×
ROXU
N|NJLELGHÿHUOHQGLULOHELOLU
Örnek - 14
Örnek - 16
<c m
2 1 2x + 2
2x +x
4 x 2 ·(x - 5)
≤0
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[GHāHUOHULQLQROXþWXUGXāX x-3
NPH\LEXOXQX] HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQGHāHUOHULQNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
2 0 3 5
2 x + x 2 - 4x 4
x2 + 5x + 4 < 0 – – – +
x = –4 x = –1
²@²^`
+ – +
(–4, –1)
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
Örnek - 17 Örnek - 19
GHÿHULJ|VWHUPHN]HUH
x ² –4 6
+ – + $þDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVL\XNDUÖGDWDPRODUDNYH-
ULOPHPLþRODQLþDUHWWDEORVXQDDLWHþLWVL]OLNRODEL-
OLU"
$þDāÖGDNLHþLWVL]OLNOHULQKDQJLOHULLþDUHWWDEOR-
VXQGDWDUDOÖE|OJH\HDLW[GHāHUOHULQLVDāODU" (x + 8) 2
,. ≥0
3-x
x+4 x+3
, >0 ,,. <0
x-6 x-8
x-6
,, >0 x+8
x-4 ,,, ≤0
x-3
,,, (x + 4)(x – 6) < 0
(x + 8) 2
,9
x-4
>0 ,9 ≤0
x+6 (x - 3) 3
(x + 8) 2
9. >0
(x - 3) 3
x+8
9, ≤0
(x - 3) 5
Örnek - 18
ýüDUHWWDEORVXQGD 7HNNDWO×N|NGkKLO oLIWNDWO×N|N-
OHUGkKLO 7DQ×PV×]\DSDQGHÿHULJ|VWHUPHN]HUH
x ² –4 –2 5 NOT
+ + – +
h %LUGHQID]ODVOLIDGHQLQEXOXQGXÿX
HüLWVL]OLNOHUGHGHÿLüNHQGHÿLüWLUPH\|QWHPL
$þDāÖGDNLHþLWVL]OLNOHULQKDQJLOHULLþDUHWWDEOR- NXOODQ×ODELOLU
VXQGDWDUDOÖE|OJH\HDLW[GHāHUOHULQLVDāODU"
(x + 4) 3 ·(x + 2) 2
,. ≤0
(x - 5) Örnek - 20
x 2 + 6x + 8 6·4 x - 23·2 x - 4
,, <0 x-5
>0
(x - 5) (x + 4)
eþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāODPD\DQ[LQDODELOHFHāLNDoIDUN-
,,,
(x + 4) 4 · (x + 2) 5 OÖWDPVD\ÖGHāHULYDUGÖU"
≤0
(x - 5) 3
2x – 4 = 0, x = 2
(x + 4) 6 · (x + 2) 3 2 5
,9 7
≤0
(x - 5) + – +
(x 2 + 8x + 16) · (x + 2) 2, 3, 4, 5
9. ≤0
x-5 >
LONHüLWVL]OLÿLVDÿODP×\RU WDQH
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
L]kl%)- ÿcaf[a<]j][]\]f:aj:adafe]q]fda=Ŧalkardacd]j%AA
EK ÖDEV: 9H9QLEYl]eYlacK:'*&:¹d¾e'L]kl-%.
$ % &² '²•»(»•)
0 1 2
'² (² – + – +
2x2 + y2 = 19 <DQ×W (
x2 – y2 = 8
x2 = 9
x=±3
²[[
[ LoLQ\
YH² <DQ×W' HþLWVL]OLN VLVWHPLQL VDāOD\DQ [ WDP VD\ÖODUÖQÖQ
WRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
x2 + xy = 15
xy + y2 = 10 $ % & ' (
–2 8
GHQNOHP VLVWHPLQLQ o|]P NPHVL DþDāÖGDNL- – + –
OHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
- 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 ... 8
$^` %^²` : 33
<
<DQ×W'
&^²` '^²²`
(^²²`
2 [[²[²
x + xy = 15
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[GRāDOVD\ÖODUÖQÖQWRSODPÖ
2
+ xy + y = 10
x + 2xy + y2 = 25 NDoWÖU"
2
x + y = 5 x + y = –5
x ^x + yh = 1
15 $ % & ' (
[Ã[²²[²
x = 3 x = –3
[²[²
²² <DQ×W( 1 6
+ – +
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21
x2 – 4y2 = 12 <DQ×W'
x – 2y = 2
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
36 - x 2 4xÃx – 10 < 0
2
≥0
x + 3x - 4
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPHVL DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQ
eþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPHVL DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQ KDQJLVLGLU"
KDQJLVLGLU"
A) (–• %² &
$ >²
'• (²•²
% ²@ (2x + 5)(2x – 2) < 0
& >²»>•) 2x – 2 = 0
1
' >²²»@ – +
( 5²^²`
<DQ×W $
–6 –4 1 6
– + – + –
^x 2h
[–6, –4) »@ <DQ×W' 5 < 25 x + 4
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQ
x2 - 9
<0 KDQJLVLGLU"
x+2 +3
$² %² &
eþLWVL]OLāLQLQHQJHQLþo|]PNPHVLDþDāÖGDNL-
OHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU" ' (5
x2 < 2x + 8
$• % &² x2 – 2x– 8 < 0
_[_!G×U + – +
–3 3
(–2, 4) <DQ×W %
+ – +
² <DQ×W&
7x – 5 Ã[²
x 8
<
8 x
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQ
HþLWVL]OLāLQL VDāOD\DQ HQ E\N GRāDO VD\Ö GH-
KDQJLVLGLU"
āHULNDoWÖU"
A) (–• % &•)
$² % & ' (
'²• (
x 8
- <0 –8 0 8 2
8 x
– + – + x = 7 olur. – +
x 2 - 64
<0
8x
<DQ×W' ² <DQ×W$
(x - 3) 2 ·(x - 7)
x 2 - 36
≤0 >0
2x - 4 (5 - x) 4
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
L]kl%). ÿcaf[a<]j][]\]f:aj:adafe]q]fda=Ŧalkardacd]j%AA
EK ÖDEV: 9H9QLEYl]eYlacK:'*&:¹d¾e'L]kl-%.
x 2 + y 2 + 7y = 17 4x2 – 25 < 0
x
y
=3 HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[LQDODELOHFHāLNDoIDUNOÖ
GHQNOHPVLVWHPLQLVDāOD\DQ[GHāHULDþDāÖGDNL- WDPVD\ÖGHāHULYDUGÖU"
OHUGHQKDQJLVLRODELOLU"
$ % & ' (
$² %² &² '² (² –
5 5
2 2
x2 + y2 + 7y = 17 x = 3y + – +
9y2 + y2 + 7y = 17
-2 - 1 0 1 2
10y2 + 7y – 17 = 0 1 42444444433 <DQ×W&
5 tan e
(y – 1) (10y + 17) = 0
17
(y = 1) y = -
10
= –1, 7 2x2[²
y = 5 – 3x 2
x – (5 – 3x) = 3 2 + – +
x2 – (25 – 30x + 9x2) = 3 –8x2 + 30x – 28 = 0 5
:- , 2D
c 7 2
x1·x2 = a = <DQ×W'
2
<DQ×W&
–2x2 + 50 < 0
x2 + xy + y2 = 13
GHQNOHPVLVWHPLQLVDāOD\DQ[\WRSODPÖQÖQGH- HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[LQDODELOHFHāLGHāHUOHULQ
āHULNDoWÖU" NPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
x2 + 3x + 10 > 0 –x2[D²
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[LQDODELOHFHāLGHāHUOHULQ
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPHVL WHN HOHPDQOÖ ROGX-
NPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
āXQD J|UH D QÖQ DODELOHFHāL WDP VD\Ö GHāHUL
$² %² &5 NDoWÖU"
'R - ' - 1
10
( $² %² &² '² (²
3
DROGXÿXQGDQ[WPUHHOVD\×GHÿHUOHULQLDODELOLU D ROPDO×
<DQ×W& 64 – 4·(–1)(2a – 2) = 0
(x + 2) 3 - 27
16 = 2 – 2a
>0 a = –7 olur.
(x 2 + 4) · (x - 1) 4 <DQ×W%
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPHVL DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQ
KDQJLVLGLU"
<XNDU×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQLüDUHWWDEORVXYH-
(x – 2)2 < |x – 2| + 2
ULOPLütir.
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
L]kl%)/ ÿcaf[a<]j][]\]f:aj:adafe]q]fda=Ŧalkardacd]j%AA
EK ÖDEV: 9H9QLEYl]eYlacK:'*&:¹d¾e'L]kl-%.
36 - x 2 x2 + 6y + 14 = 0
≥0
x2 + x - 2 y2 – 4x – 1 = 0
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
GHQNOHPVLVWHPLQLVDāOD\DQ[YH\GHāHUOHULLoLQ
$>²²»@ %²²» [\WRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
&>²²@»> '>²²@»@ $² %² &² '² (
(@»² x2 + 6y + 14 = 0
y2 – 4x – 1 = 0
36 – x2 = 0 x = 6 x = –6 x2 + x – 2 = 0
x = 1 x = –2 x2 – 4x + y2 + 6y + 13 = 0
–6 –2 1 6 (x – 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 0
[–6, –2) » (1, 6]
– + – + – x = 2 ve y = –3 x + y = 2 + (–3) = –1 <DQ×W$
<DQ×W$
2x2 + 3y2 = 14 ýüDUHWWDEORVXQGD WHNNDWO×N|NJ|VWHUPHN]HUH
x2 – y2 = –3 x ² –4 x0 5
GHQNOHP VLVWHPLQL VDāOD\DQ [ \ VÖUDOÖ LNLOLVL
NRRUGLQDWG]OHPLQGH,,,E|OJHGHEXOXQGXāXQD f(x) – + + –
J|UH[\WRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
$² %² &² '² (² \XNDU×GDI[IRQNVL\RQXQXQLüDUHWWDEORVXYHULOPLüWLU
2x2 + 3y2 = 14 %XQDJ|UHDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLI[IRQNVL\R-
3 / x2 – y2 = –3 QXRODELOLU"
5x2 = 5 A) (x + 4)(x + 2)(x – 5) B) (5 – x)(x + 3)(x + 4)
x2 = 1
x = 1 [ ² ,,,E|OJHGH[ ²ROXU C) (x + 4)(3 – x) (x – 5) '²[[[²
2 2
c m
1 x - 2x
GHQNOHPVLVWHPLQLVDāOD\DQ\GHāHULDþDāÖGDNL- ≥ 9 -x - 6
3
OHUGHQKDQJLVLRODELOLU"
3 5 7 9 HþLWVL]OLāLQLQHQJHQLþo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
A) B) C) ' (
2 2 2 2 A) (–•²@ %>²@ &>²@
x+y=3 y=3–x
'>• (>•@
x2 – (3 – x)2 – 4x·(3 – x) = –11
x 2 `9 6x + x 2 j - 12x + 4x 2 = 11 ¡ 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 2x – x ²[²
2 –2 6
+ – +
1 5 x2²[² >²@ <DQ×W%
x = 1 için y = 2 x= için y =
2 2 <DQ×W%
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
(x 2 + 4x + 4) · (x - 3) 3 DEYHFELUHUJHUoHNVD\ÖROPDN]HUH
≤0
x-1 4x + a x - c
·3 ≤0
x+b
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPHVL ± @ ROGXāXQD
$>² %>²@²^` &²•@ J|UHDEWRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
$² %² &² '² (²
'²•@²^` (²•@²^`
–2 1 3
^x + 2h2 ^x - 3h3 a = –8 b=3 <DQ×W $
≤0 + – – +
x-1
² @ ²^` <DQ×W '
[²Ã[²Ã[Ã[
[²Ã[2²[PÃx > 0 HþLWVL]OLāLQLQHQJHQLþo|]PNPHVLDþDāÖGD-
NLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPHVL • ROGXāXQD
$ %² &²
J|UHPKDQJLDUDOÖNWDGHāHUDOÖU"
'² (²
$• %• &•)
2 2 2
( 2) ( ) 24 0 ¡ a – 2a – 24 < 0
–2 3
'• (>•) + – +
(x 5) (x 2 6 ) ·7 x 0
1 24444
2
.
44444433 ² <DQ×W(
DROPDO×
²ÃÃP
P <DQ×W(
x2 N|NGDKLO WDQ×PV×]\DSDQGHÿHULJ|VWHUPHN]HUH
x+7 ≥
x-6
x ² –3 –1 2
HþLWVL]OLāLQL VDāODPD\DQ [ GHāHUOHULQLQ NPHVL
DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
ĥcaf[a<]j][]\]f:aj
:adafe]q]fda=ĕalkardacd]j%AAA
Örnek - 3
%ÿ/*ÿ
3x2P
y
3x2 + m – 5 < 0
y = ax2 + bx + c
D
²ÃÃP²
P²
PROXU>
x
0
Örnek - 1
ax2 – 4x + a > 0 %ÿ/*ÿ
HþLWVL]OLāLGDLPDVDāODQGÖāÖQDJ|UHDQÖQDODELOH-
h +HU[JHUoHNVD\×V×LoLQD[2E[FLVH
ceāLGHāHUOHUNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
YHDG×U
y
YHD!ROPDO×
DYHD!ROPDO×
(–4)2 – 4·a·a < 0 ¡ 16 – 4a2 < 0 ¡ 4 < a2
–2 > a veya a > 2 x
0
D!ROGXÿXQGDQD!ROXU
y = ax2 + bx + c
Örnek - 4
–2x2[P
Örnek - 2
3 HþLWVL]OLāL KHU [ JHUoHN VD\ÖVÖ LoLQ VDāODQGÖāÖQD
2x + > 5m
x J|UHPKDQJLDUDOÖNWDGÖU"
LIDGHVLQLQ o|]P NPHVL SR]LWLI JHUoHN VD\ÖODU
NPHVLROGXāXQDJ|UHPQLQDODELOHFHāLGHāHUOHU
DROPDO×
KDQJLDUDOÖNWDGÖU" 1 – 4·(–2)·m < 0
1 < –8m
1
3 2x 2 - 5m
mx
x+3 - >m
2 + x > 5m ¡ x >0 8
1 1
m <- b- ∞, - l
x > 0 ise 2x2 – 5mx + 3 için DROPDO× 8 8
24
25m2 – 4·2·3 < 0 25m2 < 24 m2 <
25
2§6 2§6 §
m < ¡- <m< olu
olur.
lu
5 5 5
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
Örnek - 5 *UDILāL9HULOHQ)RQNVL\RQXQÿþDUHW
f(x) = –5x2[P
7DEORVXQX2OXþWXUPD
y
fonksiyonu GDLPDGHQNoNGHāHUOHUDOGÖāÖQD
y = f(x)
J|UH P QLQ DODELOHFHāL GHāHUOHU NPHVLQL EXOX-
QX] x
a b 0 c d
–5x2 + 4x + m < 2
–5x2 + 4x + m – 2 < 0
D<0
16 – 4·(–5)·(m – 2) < 0 h I[ ROGXÿXQGD
> m ¡ e -∞, o [ D
6 6
4 < –5m + 10 ¡
5 5
[ E
[ F
WHNNDWO×N|NOHUGLU
[ GoLIWNDWO×N|NWU[HNVHQLQHWHÿHW
$NVLGXUXPGD´²µLOHEDüODQ×U
x ² a b c d
f(x) – + – + +
Örnek - 6
–3x2[P! Örnek - 7
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[JHUoHNVD\ÖVÖROPDGÖāÖQD $üDÿ×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
J|UH P QLQ DODELOHFHāL GHāHUOHU NPHVLQL EXOX- y
QX] y = f(x)
1
D
²Ã²ÃP
²Ã²ÃP ²P x
–2 0 1 3
4 4
- ≥ m c- ∞ ∞,, D olur.
3 3
\ I[LQLþDUHWWDEORVXQXROXþWXUXQX]
–2 1 3
– + – +
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
Örnek - 8 Örnek - 10
y y
y = g(x)
y = f(x)
1
x 1 x
–1 0 1 4 –3 –2 0 3 4
–1 y = f(x) –1
<XNDU×GDGLNNRRUGLQDWG]OHPLQGH\ I[YH\ J[
<XNDU×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
IRQNVL\RQODU×Q×QJUDILNOHULYHULOPLüWLU
%XQDJ|UH[±ÂI[!HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ
%XQD J|UH I[ÂJ[ HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P N-
[LQDODELOHFHāLNDoIDUNOÖWDPVD\ÖGHāHULYDUGÖU"
PHVLQLEXOXQX]
–1 1 4 6 –3 –2 1 3 4
– + – + – – + – + – +
Ç.K = {0, 5}
IDUNO×WDPVD\×GHÿHULYDUG×U ²²»²
²² ²»
²
Örnek - 9 Örnek - 11
y
y
y = f(x)
2 2 y = f(x)
x x
–3 0 2 –2 0 1 4
\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
<XNDU×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU %XQD J|UH
f (x - 2)
≤ 0 HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P N-
x+1
f (x)
%XQD J|UH ≥ 0 HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P NPH- PHVLQLEXOXQX]
x-4
VLQLEXOXQX] I[²QLQN|NOHULI[LQN|NOHULQLQID]ODV×G×U
–1 0 3 6
–3 2 4
+ – + – +
+ – – +
(–1, 0] » [3, 6]
²²@»
²²@ »^`
^`»»
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
Örnek - 12 Örnek - 14
y y
y = f(x)
1 y = f(x)
x
–1 0 4
x
–1 0 3 7 15
\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
<XNDU×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
%XQD J|UH [ ± ÂI±[ HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ o|]P
%XQDJ|UH
NPHVLQLEXOXQX] 2·f (- x)
>0
–4 1 2 x+4
– – + – HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[WDPVD\ÖODUÖNDoWDQHGLU"
–15 –7 –4 –3 1
(–15, –4) » (–3, 1) – {–7}
– + + – + –
DUDO×NWDWDPVD\×YDUG×U
<DQ×W%
80 Örnek - 15
y
Örnek - 13
y = g(x)
$üDÿ×GD\ I[YH\ J[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILNOHUL y = f(x)
YHULOPLüWLU
y
y = g(x) x
–7 0 3 5 10
5
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
L]kl%)0 ÿcaf[a<]j][]\]f:aj:adafe]q]fda=Ŧalkardacd]j%AAA
EK ÖDEV: 9H9QLEYl]eYlacK:'*&:¹d¾e'L]kl0
2x2²[P! y
HþLWVL]OLāLGDLPDVDāODGÖāÖQDJ|UHPQLQDODELOH-
FHāLGHāHUOHUNPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
A) c - , 3 m C) c , 3 m
1 1
%•) 6
2 2 x
–2 0
'• (•)
DROPDO×ROPDO× ²²ÃÃP –1 y = f(x)
1
²P P£P!
2
<DQ×W& \ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿL\XNDU×GDYHULOPLüWLU
y f (x)
y = f(x) BXQDJ|UH ≥ 0 HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[LQ
x-1
DODELOHFHāLWDPVD\ÖGHāHUOHULQLQWRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
8
A² % & ' (
–2 1 6
– + – –
0 x [–2, 1) » {6} (–2) + (–1) + 0 + 6 = 3
4 <DQ×W'
\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿL\XNDU×GDYHULOPLüWLU
%XQDJ|UHI[!HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVL 81
DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
$5²^` %5²^` &5²^`
'5²^` (5
x = 4, f(x) in kökü ise x = 2 de f(2x) in köküdür.
2
R – {2}
+ +
y
<DQ×W $
y
y = f(x)
x
–8 –1 0 7
x
–4 –1 0 5
y = f(x)
–2
<XNDU×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿL\XNDU×GDYHULOPLüWLU
f (x + 4)
%XQDJ|UH[±ÂI[HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[ %XQD J|UH ≤ 0 HþLWVL]OLāLQL VDāOD\DQ
x2 - 1
LQDODELOHFHāLNDoIDUNOÖWDPVD\ÖGHāHULYDUGÖU" WDPVD\ÖODUÖQNDoWDQHVLWHQNoNWU"
$ % & ' ( $ % & ' (
–4 –1 4 5
f(x) in kökleri –8, –1, 7 f(x + 4) ün kökleri –12, –5, 3
+ – + – +
–12 –5 –1 1 3
[–12, –5] » (–1, 1) » {3}
[–4, –1] » [4, 5] + – + – + –
²²²² WDQH <DQ×W% <DQ×W'
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
2
3x - 4a > - y
x
LIDGHVLKHU[SR]LWLIJHUoHNGHāHULLoLQVDāODQGÖ-
y = f(x)
āÖQDJ|UHDQÖQDODELOHFHāLHQE\NWDPVD\Ö
GHāHULNDoWÖU"
$² % & ' ( x
–4 0 2 5
2
3x – 4a + x > 0 x > 0 için 3x2²D[!ROPDO×
3 3
16 a2 – 4·3·2 < 0 ¡ -
D<0
2
<a<
2
¡ a = 1 olur.
<XNDU×GD\ I[IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILÿLYHULOPLüWLU
<DQ×W&
%XQDJ|UH
25 - x 2
≥0
f 2 (x)
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[WDPVD\ÖODUÖNDoWDQHGLU"
$ % & ' (
(QD]NDoWDQHHþNDUHQLQDODQODUÖWRSODPÖLoOH-
–5 –4 2 5
ULQGHQWDQHVLQLQoHYUHX]XQOXNODUÖWRSODPÖQÖQ – –
+ + +
HNVLāLQGHQGDLPDE\NWU"
Ç.K = [–5, 5) – {–4, 2} 8 tane
y
y = g(x)
y = f(x)
2
x
–4 0 1 6
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
=ĕalkardacKakl]ed]ja%C¹cd]jaf
ĥĕYj]ld]jafafĥf[]d]fe]ka
(þLWVL]OLN6LVWHPOHUL
%ÿ/*ÿ
h %LUGHQID]ODYHULOHQHüLWVL]OLNOHULQo|]PNPH-
OHULD\U×D\U×EXOXQXSNHVLüLPOHULDO×Q×U%|\OHFH
DUDQDQo|]PNPHVLEXOXQXU h PQROPDN]HUH
PD[2E[FQ
HüLWVL]OLÿLQLQo|]PNPHVL
1) PD[2E[F
Örnek - 1 2) ax2E[FQ
HüLWVL]OLNOHULQLQo|]PNPHOHULQLQNHVLüLPOHUL
x–4>0
DO×QDUDNEXOXQXU
x2²[
-d ax + b
h x≠ ROPDN]HUHm < < n LoLQD\Q×
HþLWVL]OLNVLVWHPLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX] c cx + d
DG×PODULQFHOHQLU
x>4 2 5
x2²[ + – + Örnek - 3
(4, 5] 4 < x2[
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
4 < x2 + 3x x2 + 3x – 4 > 0 83
(x – 1)(x + 4) > 0 x2²[²
[²[
x –6 –4 1 3
4 < x + 3x
2 + + – + +
x2[ + – – – +
Örnek - 2
x2 – 3x > 0
Örnek - 4
x2 + 5x – 6 < 0
x+2
-3 < <2
HþLWVL]OLNVLVWHPLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX] x-2
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
x=3x=3
x = 1 x = –6 x+2 x + 2 + 3x - 6
-3 < ve >0
x ² –6 0 1 3
x-2 x-2
4x 4 x+2 x + 2 - 2x + 4
x2 – 3x + + – – + > 0¡ <2 <0
x-2 x-2 x-2
x 1 2 6
x2 + 5x – 6 + – – + +
4x – 4 ²»
² »
+ – + +
x–2
(–6, 0) olur. –x + 6 – – + –
x–2
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
Örnek - 5
%ÿ/*ÿ
[[2 + 4x < –x
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX] h QSR]LWLIELUGRÿDOVD\×ROPDN]HUH
[[2 + 4x x2²[² a ≥ 0 ise 2n
a !R
x2 + 4x < –x x –5 –1 0 2
+
x2[ a!R ise a !R
x2 – x – 2 + + – – +
[[
x(x + 3) + – – + +
h.|NQGHUHFHVLWHNLVHN|NQLoLQV×I×U\DSDQ
GHÿHULüDUHWWDEORVXQGD\D]×ODUDNo|]P
NPHVLEXOXQXU
Örnek - 6
NOT
- 2x 2 + 14x - 20
>0
x-3
x + 2 ·(x - 3) ≥ 0 hQSR]LWLIGRÿDOVD\×YHDJHUoHNVD\×ROPDN
]HUH 2n + 1 a LIDGHVLJHUoHNVD\×G×U
HþLWVL]OLNVLVWHPLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
x –2 2 3 5
–2x2 + 14x – 20
+ + – + –
x–3
|x + 2|·(x – 3) – – – + +
84
(3, 5) » {–2}
Örnek - 8
5
x - 2 ·(x + 1)
<0
x2 - 9
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
–3 –1 2 3
+ – + – +
Örnek - 7
(–3, –1) » (2, 3)
x-7
<0
x+2
(x 2 - 9) ·5 x - 1
≥0
x-1
HþLWVL]OLNVLVWHPLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
x –3 –2 1 3 7
x–7
|x + 2| – – – – – +
+$7,5/$70$
(x2 – 9)·5x – 1 – + + – + +
x–1
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
Örnek - 11
UYARI
x - 3 > x 2 - 5x - 6
.|NQGHUHFHVLoLIWLVHN|NQLoLQLQV×I×UGDQE\N
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
HüLWROPDGXUXPXD\U×FDLQFHOHQLSHüLWVL]OLÿLQ
o|]PQGHQEXOXQDQNPH\OHNHVLüLPLDO×Q×U
x2²[²
²[²ROGXÿXQGD[²!ROXU
ROGXÿXQGD[²!ROXU
–1 6
x2 6x 9 > x2 5x 6
+ – +
x < 15
[
+$7,5/$70$
hQSR]LWLIGRÿDOVD\×DYHDŒ5ROPDN
]HUH
2n
a LIDGHVLJHUoHNVD\×G×U
Örnek - 9 %ÿ/*ÿ
x + 3 · (x + 4)
≤0
3 x - 81 ax2E[F GHQNOHPLQLQJHUoHNN|NOHUL[1 ve x2
ROVXQ
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
b c
h x1 + x2 =- ve x 1 ·x 2 = dÕr.
a a
[ [² c
–4 4 h x 1 ·x 2 = < 0 ise ¢ = b 2 - 4ac ROXS!ROXU
a 144424443 + 85
+ – +
h .
|NOHU]×WLüDUHWOLLVH\LLQFHOHPH\HJHUHN
>² \RNWXU
Örnek - 12
P[2[P2 – 9 = 0
Örnek - 10 GHQNOHPLQLQ ELUL SR]LWLI GLāHUL QHJDWLI LNL JHUoHN
N|N YDUVD P QLQ DODELOHFHāL GHāHUOHU NPHVLQL
3 − x ·c x + 7 + 1 m
EXOXQX]
≥0
(4 x + 7) · ` 3 x + 1 + 1 j –3 –1 3
c m2 - 9
a < 0¡ 1+m < 0 – + – +
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
²²»²
²² ²
²[ [
" x A R LoLQ_[_!YHx!
3
x 0 ise
ise x 2 –2
+ –
(–2, 3]
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
Örnek - 13 Örnek - 16
2
(a – 5)x + ax – a + 2 = 0 x2P[P
GHQNOHPLQLQJHUoHNN|NOHUL[1 ve x2GLU GHQNOHPLQLQJHUoHNN|NOHUL[1 ve x2GLU
x1 < 0 < x ve |x1| < xROGXāXQDJ|UHDQÖQDODELOHFH- 1
+
1
≥2
x1 x2
āLGHāHUOHUNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
oOGXāXQDJ|UHPQLQEXOXQGXāXGHāHUDUDOÖāÖQÖ
a 0 2 5 EXOXQX]
c b
a < 0 ve a >0 –a + 2 – – + –
a–5 x1 + x 2 - ^m + 3h 3m 5
–a
– + – x1·x 2 ≥ 2 ¡ m + 1 ≥ 2 ¡ m + 1 ≤ 0
a–5 +
(0, 2)
DROPDO×
–5
–1 3 (m + 3)2²ÃÃP
+ – + m2P
5
DROGXÿXQGDQVDÿODU :- , - )
3
%ÿ/*ÿ
h .|NOHUD\Q×LüDUHWOLLVHLQFHOHQLU
+$7,5/$70$
Örnek - 14
h ax2E[F
x2[P
DROPDN]HUHGHQNOHPLQN|NOHUL[1 ve x2ROVXQ
GHQNOHPLQLQELUELULQGHQIDUNO×LNLQHJDWLIN|NYDUG×U
¢
86 x1 - x2 = dÕr.
%XQD J|UH P QLQ DODELOHFHāL GHāHUOHU NPHVLQL a
EXOXQX]
c
D > 0 ve a > 0
m+5
36 – 4·1·(m + 5) > 0 >0
1
m<4 m > –5 Örnek - 17
–5 < m < 4 x2²[P
GHQNOHPLQLQELUELULQGHQIDUNO×JHUoHNN|NOHUL[1 ve x2GLU
ROGXāXQDJ|UHPQLQDODELOHFHāLGHāHUOHUNPH-
Örnek - 15 VLQLEXOXQX]
x P[P
2
D
GHQNOHPLQLQELUELULQGHQIDUNO×LNLSR]LWLIN|NYDUG×U
<8 16 - 4·1· ( + 1) 8 12 - 4m 8
a
%XQDJ|UHPQLQDODELOHFHāLWDPVD\ÖGHāHUOHUL- ²P!YHPELUELULQGHQIDUNO×N|NOHUROGXÿXQGDQ
QLQWRSODPÖNDoWÖU" 12 – 4m < 64 ¡ –4m < 52 ¡m > –13
–13 < m < 3
c -b
D > 0, a > 0 ve a > 0 ¡ (m + 2)2 – 4·1·(m + 7) > 0
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
L]kl%)1==ŦalkardacKakl]ed]ja%C¹cd]jafÿŦYj]ld]jafafÿf[]d]fe]ka
Ŧa
EK ÖDEV: 9H9QLEYl]eYlacK:'*&:¹d¾e'L]kl,%/
OHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU" HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQ
KDQJLVLGLU"
$> %@ &>²@
$>@ %²@» >•)
'>² (²@ &²@ '²•)
x –1 2 4 (>•)
x–2 – – + + x–4>0 x2²[²
–1 10 [ROXU
+ – – +
x2 – 3x – 4
@ <DQ×W% + – + x2 8x 16
16 x 2 - 9x - 10
P²[ [P – 25 = 0
2 2
x > - 26
[YH[!²LVH[ROXU <DQ×W(
GHQNOHPLQLQELULSR]LWLIGLāHULQHJDWLIROPDN]HUH
LNLJHUoHNN|NROGXāXQDJ|UHPQLQDODELOHFHāL x - 1 ·(x + 2)
≤0
GHāHUOHUNPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU" 2x - 8
HþLWVL]OLāLQLVDāOD\DQ[WDPVD\ÖGHāHUOHULQLQ
$² %²
WRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
&5²>@ '²»•)
$ % & ' (
(²•²» [²] –2 3
–5 4 5 + – +
c m 2 - 25
a < 0¡ m-4 < 0 – + – + >£ ROXU <DQ×W'
(m + 1) 2 m x
²²» <DQ×W( x -9· x - 1 · (2 + 1)
2+ 2-m + m-2
≤0
[WDQHUQQKHUELULQLQVDW×ü×QGDQHOGHHGLOHQ
4 x - 5·2 x + 4
RUWDODPDNkU e - 2x o OLUDG×U
m
>0
20 x+5
PŒ5ROPDN]HUHHþLWVL]OLNVLVWHPLQLVDāOD\DQ
%X UQOHULQ WDPDPÖ VDWÖOGÖāÖQGD HOGH HGLOHQ
[JHUoHNVD\ÖODUÖQÖQEXOXQGXāXHQJHQLþNPH
NkU7/GHQD]ROGXāXQDJ|UHPQLQDODELOH-
DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
FHāLHQE\NWDPVD\ÖGHāHULNDoWÖU" $ %> &²
$ % & ' ( '@ (²
²PYHP²LVHP ROPDO×
m
c - 2x m ·x 40 2æ20x ²P[ D!G×U
2
3
20 x2 9 · x 1· ^2 x 1h
I. ≤ 0 ¡ x ≥ 1olmal›
2
DROPDO×£P2 – 4·2æ20·40æ20 < 0
^2 x 1h^2 x
4h ^2 x 1h^2 x 4h
m2£_P_£P ROXU II. >0 III. >0
x+5 x+5
<DQ×W( <DQ×W'
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
(Q E\N GHāHULQL [ VLPHWUL HNVHQLQGH DODQ
1 x+1
- ≤ <2
2 x-1
\ I[SDUDEROQQ[HNVHQLQLNHVWLāLQRNWDODUGDQ
HþLWVL]OLāLQLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX]
ELUL$ROGXāXQDJ|UHI[HþLWVL]OLāLQLQ
A) c - 3, - E , (3, 3)
1
3 o|]PNPHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
( ;- , 1 m , (1, 3)
1
–1 11 x –2 10 x
3
-
1 x+1
≤ için
3x 1
≥ 0¡
x+1
< 2 için
-x + 3
<0 <DQ×W $
2 x-1 x-1 x-1 x-1
1
c- ∞, - D , ( , ∞)
3 <DQ×W$ f(x) = ax2E[F
2
x – 8 < x – 5x < 2x + 18 IRQNVL\RQXYHULOL\RU
HþLWVL]OLāLQo|]PNPHVLQLEXOXQX] I[ LoLQ[1 ve x2GHQNOHPLQJHUoHNN|NOHULGLU
$²»• %»•) x1 < 0 < x _[1_ ! [ ROGXāXQD J|UH DþDāÖGDNL
&²» '²» LIDGHOHUGHQKDQJLOHULGRāUXGXU"
(»•) b
, >0
2 2 a
x – 8 < x – 5x için x – 6x + 8 > 0
c
x2 – 5x < 3x + 18 için x2 – 7x – 18 > 0 ,, < 0
a
<DQ×W&
,,,b 2 - 4ac > 0
x P[P²
2
' ;0, E ( R - c 0, m
1 1
2 2
x1 + x 2 ^m + 1h
x1·x 2 - 1 ≥ 0 ¡ - 2m 1 - 1 ≥ 0 (m2 + 1) ²ÃÃP²
2
m ²P
- 3m
≥ 0 ¡ ≥ 0 olmal›
2m 1
<DQ×W& A B
<DQ×W%
Fonksiyonlar $<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ
¤KQEKgj\m
EK ÖDEV: 9H9QLEYl]eYlacK:')%*&:¹d¾e'@aZjalL]kld]j
$YH%QRNWDODU×Q×QRULMLQHX]DNO×NODU×ELUELULQHHüLW
%XQDJ|UHDEYHFVD\ÖODUÖQÖQLþDUHWOHULVÖUDVÖ\- 3
ROXS x = LNHQEXSDUDEROHQNoNGHÿHULQLDO-
ODDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU" 5
PDNWDG×U
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%XQDJ|UH RUDQÖNDoWÖU"
x1
'²² (²²
$ % & ' (
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89
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p(x) = (x – a) 2 – b
SDUDERONXOODQ×ODUDN
p(x + a) + b
p(x + a) – b
p(x – a) – b
%XQDJ|UH ELoLPLQGHWDQ×PODQDQoSDUDEROQWHSHQRNWDODU×
DODQ× ELULPNDUH RODQ ELU oJHQLQ N|üH QRNWDOD-
I. (fof)(x) = 2
U×G×U
II. (fof)(x) = 1
III. (fof)(x) = 0 %XQDJ|UHDEWRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
HþLWOLNOHULQGHQKDQJLOHUL\DOQÖ]FDLNLIDUNOÖ[GH-
A) 6 B) 9 C) 12 D) 15 E) 18
āHULLoLQVDāODQÖU" $<7
$<DOQ×], %<DOQ×],, &<DOQ×],,,
',YH,, (,,YH,,,
$<7
$<70$7(0$7ÿ.9ÿ'(2$1/$7,0)$6ÿ.h//(5ÿ Fonksiyonlar
'LN NRRUGLQDW G]OHPLQGH WDQ×P NPHOHUL JHUoHO
6x + 1
21
VD\×ODUGDQROXüDQIJYHKIRQNVL\RQODU×Q×QJUDILNOH- (x + 1) 2
ULüHNLOGHYHULOPLüWLU HþLWVL]OLāLQL VDāOD\DQ WP JHUoHO VD\ÖODUÖQ N-
PHVLDþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
A) (–1, 4) B) (–1, 6) C) (0, 4)
D) (0, •) E) (2, •)
/<6
IIRQNVL\RQXKHU[Œ@LoLQ
f(x) = 2x + 1
ELoLPLQGHWDQ×PODQ×\RUYHKHU[JHUoHOVD\×V×LoLQ
%XQDJ|UH[A>±@ROPDN]HUH f(x) = f(x + 3)
I[ÃJ[! HüLWOLÿLQLVDÿO×\RU
J[ÃK[ %XQDJ|UHIIIWRSODPÖNDoWÖU"
HþLWVL]OLN VLVWHPLQLQ o|]P NPHVL DþDāÖGDNL- A) 8 B) 12 C) 15 D) 18 E) 21
OHUGHQKDQJLVLGLU"
/<6
A) (–2, –1) B) (–1, 0)
C) (1, 2) D) (–2, –1)»(1,2)
E) (–1, 0)»(1, 2)
$<7
NDoWÖU"
x
a
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
/<6
%XQDJ|UH_I[_±IRQNVL\RQXQXQJUDILāL
DþDāÖGDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLRODELOLU"
A) y B) y
GGTÁGNUC[ÆNCTM×OGUK×\GTKPFGDKTHHQPMUK[QPWJGT x x
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1
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10 11 12 13 14
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C
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1 2 3 4 5 6
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12 13 14 15 16 17 4 5 6
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9 5 y=
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5
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A C A ' ' ' ( B 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
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