Wcms 108275

karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc
esovePAsMrab;GñkGan
GgÁkarBlkmGnþrCati
km<úCa 2007
karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc
esovePAsMrab;GñkGan
km<úCa
2007
matikar
matikar
GarmÖkfa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 7
esckþIEføgGMNrKuN >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 8
1> esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10
1>1> ehtuGVI)anCasmaKmGaCIvkm~mansar³sMxan; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 10
1>2> eKalbMNgrbs;esovePAGñkGan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 11
1>3> karcab;Garm~N_rbs;Pñak;garrdæaPi)al nigPñak;garGPivDÆepSg²eTotelIsmaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>> 12
m:UDul 2 ³ critlkçN³smaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13
2>1> mUlehtuénkarbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 13
2>2> RbePTsmaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 15
2>3> smaKmshRKinRsþI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 15
2>4> karEsVgyl;GMBITunsgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 16
m:UDul 3 ³ karGPivDÆsmaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 18
3>1> vdþénsmaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 18
3>2> yuT§saRsþsmaCikPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 19
3>3> yuT§saRsþsþIBIshB½n§shCIB nigbNþaj >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 21
3>4> karekItmannUvkarlM)ak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 23
m:UDul 4 ³ ebskkm nigeKaledArbs;smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 24
4>1> TsSn³vis½yrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 24
4>2> ebskkm~rbs;smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 25
4>3> karkMNt;eKalbMNg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 25
m:UDul 5 ³ lkçnþik³smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>27
5>1> lkçnþik³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 27
5>2> siT§ nigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCik >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 28
m:UDul 6 ³ karelIkTwkcitþ[RsþIcUlrYm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 30
6>1> karEsVgyl;smaCik >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 30
6>2> karsRmbsRmYlkarcUlrYmrbs;smaCik >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 30
6>3> RsþIkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 32
3
karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkm~FuntUc³ esovePAsMrab;GñkGan
m:UDul 7 ³ PaBCaGñkdwknaM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 35

7>1> sar³sMxan;énPaBCaGñkdwknaMl¥ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 35
7>2> EbbbTepSg² enAkúñgkardwknaM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 36
7>3> bBaðaCak;lak;Tak;TgnwgkardwknaM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 37
emeronTI 8 ³ karR)aRs½yTak;Tg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 38
8>1> karTMnak;TMngEdlmanRbsiT§PaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>38
8>2> ]bs½KÁénkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 40
8>3> viFIeFVI[karR)aRs½yTak;Tgkan;EtRbesIr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>42
8>4> karerobcMkic©RbCMu >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 42
m:UDul 9 ³ karseRmccitþelIesvakmnanarbs;smaKmGaCIvkm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 45
9>1> esvakm~TUeTAEdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~pþl;CUnsmaCikxøÜn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 45
9>2> karsMerccitþelIesvakm~nanarbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 46
9>3> kRmiténkarGnuvtþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 47
9>4> kareFVIkic©snüa[GñkxageRkA >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 48
9>5> dMbUn~anGaCIvkm~ nigkarRbwkSaeyabl; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 48
9>6> karelIkkMBs;EpñkBaNiC¢km~ nigGPivDÆTIpSar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 50
9>7> karhVwkhVWn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 51
9>8> esvasgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54
m:UDul 10 ³ karpþl;esvaBaNiC¢km >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 55
10>1> karelIkkMBs;PaBRbkYtRbECg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 55
10>2> skm~PaBBaNiC¢km~rYmKña >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 55
10>3> TMnak;TMngGaCIvkm~ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 57
10>4> karRKb;RKgrYmKñaelIGclnRTBü nigeRKOg]bkrN_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 59
m:UDul 11 ³ karpþl;esvats‘Umti >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 60
11>1> karbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigkarts‘Umti >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 60
11>2> karsnÞna nigBieRKaHeyabl; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 62
11>3> karbBa©úHbBa©Úl[manc,ab;KaMRTeynD½r (Gender-friendly Legislation) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>63
m:UDul 12 ³ karTTYlxusRtUv nigParkic©nanaenAkñúgsmaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>65
12>1> tYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;EpñknanaenAkñúgsmaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 65
12>2> karsMerccitþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>68
12>3> taragBiBN’nakargar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>69
4
matikar
m:UDul 13 ³ karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúrbs;smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 73

13>1> sar³sMxan;énkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúl¥ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 73
13>2> Epnkarfvika >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 74
13>3> karBüakrN_BIlMhUrsac;R)ak; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 75
13>4> esovePAebLa nigesovePAcMNUlcMNay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>76
13>5> r)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 77
13>6> kargarrdæ)alsMrab;smaCikPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 79
13>7> nItiviFIsvnkm~>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 80
m:UDul 14 ³ RbPBcMNUl >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>82
14>1> RbPBfvikaxagkñúug nigxageRkA >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 82
14>2> viFIbgðajsmaKmGaCIvkm~rbs;Gñk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 83
14>3> karerobcMKMeragsMeNI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 83
m:UDul 15 ³ karcuHbBa¢IsmaKmGaCIvkmrbs;GñkenAkm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>85
15>1> karENnaMrbs;rdæaPi)al >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 85
15>2> plRbeyaCn_énkarcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 86
m:UDul 16 ³ karrIklUtlas; nigvisalPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>87
16>1> viPaKcMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay »kas nigkarKMramkMEhg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>87
16>2> karviPaKGñkBak;B½n§ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 89
16>3> EpnkaryuT§saRsþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 90
]bsm½<n§ k ³ lkçnþik³smaKm]sSahkm~tUc nigmFümPñMeBj >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 93

]bsm<½n§ x ³ bTbBa¢a nignItiviFInana edIm,IbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm~kñúgRbeTskm<úCa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>99
5
GarmÖkfa
GarmÖkfa
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anTTYlsÁal;fakarGPivDÆshRKasKWCakUnesaryuT§saRsþ sMrab;kat;bnßy
PaBRkIRk nigeFVI[esdækic©lUtlas; . shRKasRbePTenHbegáItkargarCaeRcInsMrab;RsþInigburs
CYyKaMRTkarGPivDÆesdækic©Cati nigeqøIytbeTAtamtMrUvkarrbs;GtifiCn)aneRcIny:ageTotpg .
smaKmGaCIvkm~tUc² manskþanuBlcUlrYmcMENkkñúgkarGPivDÆEpñkshRKasFuntUc . smaKm
GaCIvkm~d¾tUcmYy KWCasm<n½§PaBs~½RKcitþrvagshRKinnana. smaKmGaCIvkm~edIrtYkñúgnamsmaCik
GaCIvkm~ karBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;BYkeK nigpþl;esvakm~epSg²sMrab;GPivDÆGaCIvkm~BYkeK.
smaKmGaCIvkm~CYysmaCikxøÜn edIm,IbegáInkarRbkYtRbECg nigcab;yk»kasTIpSarnana .
smaKmGaCIvkm~ KWCameFüa)aycaM)ac;sRmab;karGPivDÆesdækic©TIpSar .
sBVéf¶smaKmGaCIvkm~rebobenH mancMnYntictYcb:ueNÑaHenAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa ehIy
smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgenHminGaceFVICMnYjtamEbbTMenIb)aneLIy . manEtsmaKm 3 b¤ 4 kñúgcMeNam
smaKmTaMgenaH Edl)anGnuvtþnUvtYnaTICamUldæanTaMg 2 rbs;eK ³ CasMelgtMNag[smaCik nigpþl;
esvaKaMRTGaCIvkm~. CaTUeTA sMelgtMNagrbs;BYkeKmansPaBTn;exSay ehIyBuM)ancUlrYmkñúgkar
begátI eKalneya)ayrbs;rdæaPi)aleT . esvakm~KaMRTrbs;BkY eKcMeBaHsmaCikshRKin enAEtminGac
eqøIytbeTAtamtMrUvkarnanarbs;smaCikeLIy . smaKmGaCIvkm~esÞIrEtTaMgGs; kMBugRbQmmuxnwg
karxVHxatEpñkFnFanmnusS nighirBaØvtßú edIm,ITTYl)annUv\T§iBld¾FMeFg .
esovePA :karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc : pþl;karENnaMGMBIviFIksagsmaKm[
rwgmaMeLIg nigmanRbsiT§PaB EdlGaceqøIytbeTAtamtMrUvkarrbs;shRKinCaRsþInigburs .
esovePAenHnwgbgðajRbFanbTmYycMnYn EdlmansarHsMxan;cMeBaHsmaKmGaCIvkm~ EdlekItman
enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCarYcmkehIy RBmTaMgCYydl;shRKasTaMgLayNa Edlcg;cab;epþImsmaKm
f~ImYy .
7
esckþIEføgGMNrKuN
esovePAGñkGanenHRtUv)ancgRkgeLIg edayEp¥keTAelIÉksarepSg² Edl)anerobcMedaykm~vFi I

In-Focus Program (IFP/SEED) rbs;GgÁkarBlkm~GnþrCati. rvagqñaM 1995 nig 2005
GgÁkarBlkm~GnþrCati )aneFVIkarsikSaGMBIkargar nigrcnasm<n§½énsmaKmGaCIvkm~enARbeTsepSg²
nigkMNt;nUvKnøw³EdleFVI[)aneCaKC½y enAeBlEdlshRKineFVIkarshkarCamYyKña .
esovePAGñkGanRtUv)anerobcM nigsRmbsRmYledayelak KIs va:n;edIrI (Kees van der Ree) énKMerag
IFP/SEED . KMnitsMxan;² EdlTak;TgCaBiesseTAnwgsmPaBeynD½renAkñúgkarsmaKm TTYl)an
BIelak Mr. Gerry Finnegan énKMerag IFP/SEED .
esovePAGñkGanenH )anEklMGeTACaGtßbTEx~r edayTIRbwkSamYyRkum dwknaMedayGñkRsI ehg
silTi (Ms. Heng Seltik) GñksMrbsMrlY KMeragelIkkMBs;karGPivDÆn_mxu rbrrbs;RsþI nigsmPaBeynD½r
(WEDGE) elaksux sumitþ GñksMrbsMrYlKMeragKaMRTshRKasFuntUckñúgRbeTsEdndIsNþremKgÁ
(ISED) elakBuF Kat nigGñkRsILay NavIn mkBIRksYg]sSahkm~ Er: nigfamBl GñkRsI Cut
lagvNÑI mkBIRksYgkic©karnarI elak Esm supa mkBIshB½n§nieyaCknigsmaKmBaNiC¢km~km<úCa
nigTTYl)anCMnYyEpñkbec©keTsBIGñkRsI lInda DIELn (Ms. Linda Deelen) kariyal½yGnu
tMbn;GasIuxagekIt énGgÁkar ILO .
TIRbwkSaepSg²eTot Edl)anbegáItkrNIsikSaenAkñúgesovePAGñkGan rYmman ³
nam nigeKatþnam GgÁkar
Qn exma mCÄmNÐlGPivDÆn_mnusS-EdndI
can; NariT§ GgÁkareGsGwumGIuexmbUDa
Ca suP½Rkþ shB½n§nieyaCk
nut sIutan; smaKmsib,krkm<úCa
eha sIuNat smaKm]sSahkm~FuntUc nigmFüm PñMeBj
m:n bUrINa GgÁkarTsSn³BiPBelakkm<úCa
8
esckþIEføgGMNrKuN
rs; bUram smaKmkm<úCaGPivDÆesdækic©eRkARbB½n§

eGom can;mUnI KN³km~karsMrbsMrYlGPivDÆn_TIRkug
eFOn bUnit smaKm]sSahkm~FuntUc nigmFüm PñMeBj
Tun lkçiNa KMeragsnSMsMécGusenAkm<úCa
9
esckþIepþIm
1>1> ehtuGVI)anCasmaKmGaCIvkmmansar³sMxan;
enAkñúgRbeTsCaeRcIn karkat;bnßycMnYnkargarpøÚvkar nigkarKMramkMEhgBIPaBRkIRk )anbgçM[
RbCaBlrdæCaeRcIn cab;epþImmuxrbrGaCIvkm~tUctacpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eK . PaKeRcInbMputénrbrGaCIvkm~
RbePTenH )anFøak;cUleTAkñúgGVIEdleKehAfa : esdækic©eRkApøÚvkar (Informal Economy) : ehIy
enAkñúgEbbbTxagelIenH BYkeKminGacTTYl)annUvesvakm~TaMgLay dUcEdlshRKaspøÚvkarTTYl
)aneT dUcCa ³ B½t’man TIpSar esvahirBaØvtßú karkarBartampøÚvc,ab; .l. viFIsMxan;edIm,ICYyeK[)an
eCaKC½ycMeBaHkarcaj;eRbobenH KWCYyBYkeK[rYbrYmKña begáItGgÁkaredIm,ICYyxøÜnÉg sRmab;BYkeK
pÞal;Etmþg .
shRKasxñattUc KWCaFm~tamansPaBTn;exSaykñúgkarRbkYtRbECgCamYynwgédKURbkYtRbECg
FM² . xønÜ eKpÞal;kT¾ n;exSaysmtßPaBEdr edIm,IkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;xnÜø enAeRkam\T§Bi lneya)ay
kñúgkarRbQmmuxTl;nwgPaKImçageTotEdlmanGMNac edaysarEtBYkeKmansMelgtic. shRKas
tUc²pÞal;xøÜneKnImYy² CaFm~taRtUv)ankat;ecjBIplRbeyaCn_ Edl)anmkBIkarrYmRbPBFnFan
cUlKña . plRbeyaCn_EbbenH rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkarKaMRTTIpSar RbePTepSg²énkarFanar:ab;rg nig
kic©FanasRmab;km©I . karbegáIt[mansmaKm KWGacCYyshRKasFunmIRkU FuntUc nigFunmFüm
begáInkmøaMgesdækic© nigsßanPaBsgÁménshRKinmñak;² k¾dUcCaedIm,ITTYl)annUvGtßRbeyaCn_
eBjeljénGMNacbNþajkargar nig shRbtibtþikar .
smaKmGaCIvkm~ KWCaGgÁkarGaCIvkm~s~½RKcitþ EdlRbtibtþikaredIm,IEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_rYm CYy
nigKaMRTKñaeTAvijeTAmk edIm,IGPiivDÆGaCIvkm~ nigeFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvbriyakasGaCIvkm~ .
niyayedayxøI smaKmGaCIvkm~ rYmman ³
- GgÁkarTaMgLay EdlKaMRTsmaCikenAkñúgskm~PaBplitkm~ nigskm~PaBGaCIvkm~epSg²
eTot
- GgÁkarTaMgLayNaEdlkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCik nigeFVICatMNag[BYkeK .
- GgÁPaBTaMgLayNa EdlsMrbsMrYl nigRtYtBinitüskm~PaBGaCIvkm~rbs;smaCik.
10
esckþIepþIm
edayeyagtamesckþIENnaMrbs;Ék]tþmrdæmRnþIRksYgBaNiC¢km~ naykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúg
RbeTs)ane)aHBum<pSayesovePA : ENnaMsþIBInItiviFIénkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~ : . TegVI
enHCYysMrYlsmaKmGaCIvkm~ kñúgkarcuHeQ~aHtampøÚvkarCamYyRksYgBaNiC¢km~ . esovePAENnaM
enH)an[niymn½ysmaKmGaCIvkm~dUcteTA ³
- smaKmGaCIvkm~mann½yfa nItibuKÁl rUbv½nþbuKÁl EdlmanGaCIB b¤viC¢aCIv³dUcKña ehIyRbmUlpþúM
KñabegáItCasmaKm edIm,IEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_[smaCiksmaKm
- smaKmGaCIvkm~ KWCaGgÁkarÉkraCü mincMNuHKNbkSneya)ay nigeFVIskm~PaBCapl
RbeyaCn_dl;smaCikrbs;smaKmenH elImuxsBaØaviC¢aCIv³ .
1>2> eKalbMNgrbs;esovePA
edaysarsmaKmGaCIvkm~CaeRcIn CatMNag[shRKastUc² BYkeKEtgEtxVHxatCMnaj nig
FnFan edIm,IRKb;RKgsmaKm[)anRtwmRtUvedayxønÜ Ég . smaKmGaCIvkm~PaKeRcIn)anrIkduHdaleLIg
edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtUvkarbnÞan; ehIy)aneRbIR)as;dMeNaHRsayd¾l¥ kñúgxN³eBlmYyd¾xøI.
eTaHbICay:agenHk¾eday ebIsinCaeKRtUveFVIdMeNIrEvgq¶ayCagenHeTAeTotenaH ehIykøayCaGgÁPaB
manRbsiT§PaBmYy eKKYrEtRkeLkemIledayRbugRby½tñeTAelIral;TidæPaBTaMgGs; rbs;GgÁPaBBYkeK
nigRKb;bBaðanana EdleKRbEhlCanwgRbQmmux . GñkdwknaMrbs;BYkeKcaM)ac;RtUvbegáInCMnaj
RKb;RKg nigeronsURtbTBiesaFn_ BIGgÁPaBepSg²eTot .
esovePAGñkGanenH )anRtUveroberogeLIg edIm,ICYyfñak;dwknaMsmaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgLay
EdlmanRsab; nigf~I edIm,I ³
- yl;ehtupl nigtRmUvkar EdlfitenABIeRkaykarbegáIteLIgnUvsmaKm tamry³karkMNt;
esckþIRtUvkar nigbBaðaTaMgLayrbs;smaCik
- begáItskm~PaB nigesvakm~smrmünana sRmab;smaCikrbs;BYkeK
- crcarCamYYyrdæaPi)al nigGgÁPaBepSg²eTot ehIycUlrYmkñúgkarbegáIt nigkarGnuvtþn_eKal
neya)aynana Edlb:HBal;dl;plRbeyaCn_smaCikBYkeK
- RKb;RKgFnFanmnusS nigFnFanhirBaØvtßúrbs;eK[)anRbesIreLIg
- eFVIEpnkaryuT§saRsþ edIm,IBRgIksmaKmrbs;;eK
11
1>3> karcab;GarmNr_ bs;Pañ k;garrdæaPi)al nigPñak;garepSg²eTot elIsmaKmGaCIvkm

raCrdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa mankarcab;Garm~N_y:agxøaMg cMeBaHkarCMruj[mansmaKm
GaCIvkm~ eRBaHeKKiteXIjfa smaKmKWCaviFankard¾sMxan;kñúgkarGPivDÆshRKasFunmIRkU FuntUc
nigFunmFüm. raCrdæaPi)al)anKaMRTnUvkarGPivDÆshRKasTaMgenH nigkMBugEterobcMnUvesckþIRBag
GnuRkitümYy edIm,IelIkTwkcitþdl;GaCIvkrnana kñúgkarbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm~ .
GgÁPaBGPivDÆTaMgLay kMBugEtTTYlsÁal;nUvtMélénkarCYysmaKmGaCIvkm~ [QaneTAdl;
RbsiT§PaBx<s;bMputrbs;BYkeKkan;EteRcIneLIg ³
- kareFVIkargarCamYysmaKmGaCIvkm~ naM[karcMNaymanRbsiT§PaBCag ehIyQaneTArk
nirnþPaB CaCagGaCIvkm~eRcIn EtCalkçN³buKÁl .
- smaKmGaCIvkm~ CYy[GaCIvkrmñak;²)aneronsURtBIKñaeTAvijeTAmk .
- karCYysmaKmGaCIvkm~mYy GaceFVI[karEbgEckRbPBFnFanTaMgLaymanlkçN³es~I²Kña
kñúgcMeNamGaCIvkm~CaeRcIn CaCagkarTTYl)ancMeNjplRbeyaCn_d¾eRcInelIslubsMrab;Et
GaCIvkm~mYy b¤ BIrEtb:ueNÑaH .
esovePAGñkGanenH GaceRbIR)as;enAkñgú vKÁhkwV hVnW b¤ski aç sala . edayELk esovePAsMrab;RKU
bNþúHbNþal : karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkm~FuntUc : RtUv)ancgRkgeLIgsRmab;eKalbMNgenHEdr .
12
m:UDulTI 2 ³ critlkçN³smaKmGaCIvkm~
m:UDulTI 2 ³ critlkçN³smaKmGaCIvkm
2>1> mUlehtuénkarbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm
eKalbMNgsMxan;²énkarbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm~ GacEbgEckCa 3 Rkum ³
k> edIm,IKaMRTsmaCik kñúgkarGPivDÆskm~PaBplitkm~ nigGaCIvkm~ ³
- edIm,Ipþl;nUvesvaGPivDÆGaCIvkm~dl;shRKasxñattUc dUcCakarbNúþHbNþal dMbUn~an TIRbwkSa
B½t’man nig bNþajnana
- edIm,IGPivDÆTIpSar nigBaNiC¢km~ ]TahrN_karerobcMyuT§nakareXasnaTIpSarrYmKña karpþl;
B½t’manTIpSareTA[smaCik b¤kardak;sMeNIrYmKñaeTArdæaPi)al
- edIm,IEckrMElkFnFannana dUcCatamry³karGPivDÆn_smÖar³plitkm~rYmKña b¤EckrMElk
]bkrN_ nigsMPar³epSg².
x> edIm,ICatMNag[ nigkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCik ³
- edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðarYm EdlminGacedaHRsay)anRbkbedaykareBjcitþBIsMNak;shRKin
nana RbsinebIkaredaHRsaybBaðaenaH RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedaybuKÁlmñak; ² .
- edIm,IkarBarsiT§ b¤plRbeyaCn_rbs;shRKinFuntUc .
- edIm,IeFVICatMNag[smaCik enAkñúgkarerobcM nigGnuvtþeKalneya)ay .
K> edIm,IsMrbsMrYlskm~PaBGaCIvkm~nanarbs;smaCik ³
- begáItsþg;darKuNPaB sMrab;BRgIkTIpSarplitplrbs;smaCik .
- edIm,IkMNt;tMélplitpl nigesvanana sMrab;eCosvagkarRbkYtRbECgCaeRcIn EdlnaM[b:H
Bal;dl;R)ak;cMeNj
- BinitüsmtßPaBplitrbs;smaCik nigeFVI[tMélplitplenAsßitesßr .
manmeFüa)ayepSg²eTot EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~NamYy Gaccab;epþImdMeNIrkareLIg)an
enAkm<úCa³
- shRKinnanamanbBaða b¤»kasrYmKña nigseRmccab;epþImbegáItsmaKmmYy edIm,IedaHRsay
bBaða b¤kþab;yk»kasrYmKñaTaMgenaH .
- smaKmrIkcMerInhYsBIshRKasÉeTot kñgú karpøas;brÚþ nigBiPakSarvagRbCaBlrdæ nig Pñak;gar
rdæaPi)al .
13
- Pñak;garKaMRTkarGPivDÆn_Gacpþlm; eFüa)ay edIm,IerobcM BiPakSa nigCYyedaHRsayesah‘yu

sMrab;dMeNIrkar dUcCakariyal½y b¤elxaFikardæan .
- TisedArbs;Pñak;garrdæaPi)alkñúgkarbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm~ .
krNIsikSa ³ viFIepSg²kñúgkarbegáItsmaKmGaCIvkm~
smaKmdwkCBa¢nÚ pøvÚ eKakkm<Cú a (CAMTA - Cambodian Trucking Association) )ankekIteLIg
edaymankareRCamERCgBIRksYgsaFarNkarnigdwkCBa¢Ún edIm,IbegáInnUvkarCYyGb;rM ENnaM
pSBVpSaydl;Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚveKakTaMgGs; [yl;kan;Etc,as;GMBIcracr nigc,ab;nanarbs;rdæ
EdlTak;Tgnwgvis½ydwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚveKakkm<úCa edayshkary:agCitsñiT§CamYysßab½nrdæaPi)al .
smaKmenH)anbegáIteLIgnaéf¶TI 17 kBaØa 2004 edayRkumh‘uncMnYn 13 nigmanrfynþFun
F¶n;sMrab;RbtibtþikarcMnYn 600 eRKOg . eKalbMNgsMxan;énkarbegáItsmaKmenH KWedIm,I ³
k> rYbrYmGñkdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijpøÚveKakTaMgGs; edIm,ICYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk rkSakarBarnUvsiT§esrIPaB
karBarplRbeyaCn_ kñúgmuxrbrGaCIB nigviC¢aCIv³ CaGñkpþl;esvakm~dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚveKakTaMgGs;
x> cUlrYmpþl;mtieyabl; kñúgGgÁRbCuMfñak;Cati nigGnþrCati Tak;Tgnwgvis½yesvadwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚveKak
K> cUlrYmelIksMeNIGPivDÆn_vis½yesvakm~dwkCBa¢Únrbs;smaCiksmaKm CUnrdæaPi)al edIm,Irk
meFüa)ayeFVI[)ansMercnUveKalkarN_dwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijTaMg4KW ³ suvtßiPaB pasukPaB qab;
rh½s nigtémøsmrmü .
cab;taMgBIsmaKmenH)ankekIteLIg smtßPaBsmaCiknimYy² )anrIkcMerInKYr[kt;sMKal; .
BYkeK)anshkarKñakñúgkarEbgEckkargareTAtamlT§PaB EdlRkumh‘unnimYy²GacTTYlyk)an
ehIyesvakm~énsmaKmenH)anRKbdNþb;RbEhl 60-70 PaKryelIépÞRbeTsTaMgmUl nig
RbEhl 80PaKryénkardwkCBa¢ÚnelIpøÚvCatielx 4 .
smaKmGaCIvkm~kinRsUvextþbnÞaymanC½y
smaKmGaCIvkm~m:asIunkinRsUvextþbnÞaymanC½y RtUv)anbegáIteLIgeRkamkarpþÜcepþImKMnit
nigmankarCYy]btßmBÖ EI pñkGPivDÆn_vsi y½ ÉkCnrbs;km~vFi GI PivDÆn_s_ hRbCaCati UNDP enAqñaM 1998 .
smaKmenHmansmaCikcMnYn 24 nak; EdlCaGaCIvkrm:asIunkinRsUv manTItaMgenAkñúgextþbnÞay
manC½y . RbFansmaKmRtUv)aneRCIserIstamry³kare)aHeqñatkñgú ry³eBl 3qñamM gþ . eKalbMNgén
karbegátI smaKmenH KW ³
1> edIm,IbRgYbbRgYmGaCIvkrm:asInu kinRsUvTaMgGs; kñgú karEsVgrkdMeNaHRsayrYm nigCYyKñaeTAvij
eTAmk .
2> EsVgrknUvplRbeyaCn_rmY sMrab;smaCiksmaKm
3> EsVgrkTIpSarkñgú Rsuk nigGnþrCatisrM ab;GaCIvkrTaMgGs;
14
4> EsVgrk\NTansMrab;smaCiksmaKm
5> eFV[I RbesIreLIgnUvbec©keTsplitrbs;ma: sInu kinRsUv
smaKmTIPñak;gareTscrN_km<úCa
smaKmTIPañ k;gareTscrN_km<Cú a (CATA) RtUv)anbegátI eLIgenAqñaM 1996 . kñgú eBlbc©bú ,nñ
smaKmenHmansmaCiksrubcMnnY 119 Rkumh‘nu Edlkñgú enaHmansmaKmTIPañ k;gareTscrN_keU r:
RbcaMextþesomrabcMnYn 17 . eKalbMNgsMxan;rbs;smaKmenHKW elIkkMBs;vis½yeTscrN_
pþlB; t½ m’ anTak;TgnwgkargareTscrN_eTA[smaCik pþle; svaRbwkSaeyabl;EpñkpøvÚ c,ab; nigkarBar
plRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCik .
2>2> RbePTsmaKmGaCIvkm
manRbePTsmaKmCaeRcIny:ag dUcCa ³
- smaKmTaMgLayNa EdlepþatEteTAelIkic©karBaNiC¢km~NamYyCak;;lak; ]> smaCikTaMg
Gs;KWCaCageQI ¦
- smaKmTaMgLayNaEdlmanTItaMgCak;lak; dUcCakarEdlmanshRKasCaeRcInenAEk,r²Kña
b¤ tMbn;NamYysMrab;RbkYtRbECgCamYysmaKmfñak;Catinana .
- manEtRsþI b¤bursEtb:ueNÑaH b¤TaMgRsþI nigTaMgburs
smaKmtUc²PaKxøHKWCasmaCikrbs;shCIB b¤shB½n§fñak;Cati . shCIBb¤shB½n§TaMgenHman
tYnaTIkñúgkarkñúgkarbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigts‘UmtienAfñak;Cati ehIyBYkeKGacCYysmaKmkñúgkarBRgwgCMhr
nigbegáItyuT§saRsþrYmKña . sPaBaNiC¢km~KWCaGgÁkar EdltMNagplRbeyaCn_GaCIvkm~enAtMbn;
PUmisaRsþNamYy .
2>3> smaKmshRKinRsþI
CajwkjyvamanRbeyaCn_sRmab;RsþI kñúgkarcUlCasmaCiksmaKmGaCIvkm~ b¤begáItsmaKm
GaCIvkm~sMrab;RsþI . enARbeTskm<úCa eKEtgniyayfa : RsþIvilcRgáanminCuM : mann½yfa RsþIminGac
eTANaq¶ayBIpÞH)aneLIy eRBaHBYkeKmantYnaTIemI;lEfkUnecA nigEfTaMpÞHsEm,g . karcUlrYmenAkñúg
smaKmGaCIvkm~ eFVI[RsþImanlT§PaBCYbRbCuMKña nigbegáItTMnak;TMngGaCIvkm~ RBmTaMgedaHRsaybBaða
epSg²)aneTogTat; .
enAkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~mYy EdlmansmaCikcRmuH RsþIEtgEtRtUveKyl; nigcat;TukfaCamnusS
Tn;exSayCagburs . enAkñúgkrNIenH RsþIePTkRmRtUv)aneKGnuBaØat[kan;kab;muxtMENgsMxan;²
Nas; . Cajwkjy karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;BYkeK Rbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgkargarpÞH . RsþIGacxVHxat
TMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg kñúgkarbeBa©jmtienAcMeBaHmuxshesvikCaburs . elIsBIenHeTAeTot RsþIEtgEt
15
mankatBVkic©BIr KW karEfrkSakUnecApg nigTTYlbnÞúkskm~PaBesdækic© dUcCadMeNIrkarGaCIvkm~

tUctacCaedImenH . enHmann½yfa RsþImaneBlevlatictYcsRmab;cUlrYmRbCuM nigskm~PaBepSg²
eTotenAkñúgsmaKm .
karbegáItsmaKmdac;edayELk²sMrab;shRKinCaRsþI GacCYyRsþI[manTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg
nigGacbegáIteLIgnUvlkçx½NÐkan;EtRbesIrEfmeTotsRmab;BYkeK edIm,ITak;TajplRbeyaCn_eBj
eljBIRbPBFnFan nigsmtßPaBrbs;BYkeK .
krNIsikSa³ smaKmshRKinRsþI
smaKmGaCIvkm~RsþFI nu tUc nigmFüm KWCasmaKmRsþTI mI yY enAkñgú RbeTskm<Cú a Edl)an
kekIteLIgnaqñaM 2005 . smaKmenHmantYnaTIsxM an;kgúñ karpþlR; bPBFnFannanadl;RsþGI aCIvkr
dUcCa³
- bNþajkargar nigsamKÁPI aB
- mCÄmNÐlFnFan
- evTikasMrab;karsikSaRsavRCaveronsURt nigEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_
- elIkkMBs;mxu rbr nig»kassMrab;RsþI
smaCiksmaKmenHebIkcMhcMeBaHRsþTI eU TA Edl ³ k> manbTBiesaFn_kargary:agtic 1qñaM
x> manGaCIvkm~Rsbc,ab; b¤CaGñkCMnajkar K> RtUv)aneKcat;taMg b¤mankarpþlG; nusasn_BbI Ku lÁ ki
smaKmNamñak; . smaCiksmaKmenHEckCa 2 RbePT ³ smaCikEdlrYbrYmKñaCaRkumh‘nu nigsma
CikCabuKlÁ . mkTl;ngw eBlenH smaKmmansmaCikcMnnY 35 nak; EdlmanGaCIvkm~epSg²Kña .
BYkeKxøHCatMNagRkumh‘nu TaMgmUl EtGñkxøHeTotminEmneT .
GñkdwknaMfañ k;xs< r; bs;smaKmenHman ³ RbFanmñak; GnuRbFanBIrnak; elxamñak; nighirBaØki mñak; .
KN³km~karnItRi btibtþi RtUv)aneFVeI LIgtamry³kare)aHeqñat. smaCikmñak;²RtUvEtTTYl)ansMelg
CaeRcIn mansmaCikPaBy:agticmYyqñaM nigmanekrþQ × a~ Hl¥eTotpg eTIbGacmansiTQ § reQ~aHe)aHeqñat.
RbFanx<sb; pM tu manGNtþri y³eBl3qñaM .
smaKm)anTTYlkarKaMRTBIkm~vFi GI PivDÆvisy½ ÉkCnenAtamtMbn;TenøemKgÁ (MPDF) km~vFi GI Pi-
vDÆrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati nigRksYgBak;Bn½ e§ pSg²eTot .
2>4> karEsVgyl;GMBITunsgÁm
{TunsgÁm : KWCaKMnitf~ImYy Edl)ansikSamþgehIymþgeTotkñúgqñaMf~I²knøgmkenH . TunsgÁmmin
sMedAeTAdl;FnFan EdlCasm<n½ P§ aBesdækci ©enaHeT . vaKWCakarKaMRTKñaeTAvijeTAmk EdlekItmankñgú
cMeNambuKÁlÉkCnkñúgsgÁmmYy .
16
eyIgTaMgGs;Kñadwgfa edImTunfvikaKWCamUldæansRmab;eCaKC½yGaCIvkm~ b:uEnþvaKWCaGVIEdlCn

RkIRkxVHxat. eTaHbICay:agenHkþI CnRkIRkGacmantémøGVImYyepSgvij dUcCabNþajkargar
sRmab;karCYyKña . esckþIlM)akGacjaMug[mansm<½n§PaBnwgKña RBmTaMgkarCYyxøÜnÉg ¬eTaHbICaenA
eBlxøH vaGacman\Ti§BlbRBa©as;mkvijpgEdr dUcCamnusSc,aMgKñaeTAvijeTAmk edIm,ITTYl)anpl
RbeyaCn_d¾tictYc ¦ .
smtßPaBksagbNþajkargarCamYyGñkdéT karRbmUlFnFan nigCMnajnanarbs;RKYsar nigGñk
Citxag GacpþcMú lU KñakøayCaFnFanmYyRbePTeTot . enAelImlU dæanénTunsgÁm rcnasm<n½ d§ cU CasmaKm
GaCIvkm~mYy GaccUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_edImTunesdækic© .
bBaðamYykñúgbNþabBaðanana EdlshRKinFuntUcRbQmmuxKWkarenAÉkaEtmñak;Ég . enAeBl
nrNamñak;eFVIkarenAkñúgRkumh‘und¾FMmYy CaFm~tamanmnusSdéTeTotenACMuvijxøÜn EdlTTYlxusRtUveTA
elIkic©karepSgTak;TgnwgkarRKb;RKgGaCIvkm~ . GñkxøHTTYlkargarTIpSar xøHeTotTTYlkargar
CaGñkepJIrtaragtémøecjeTAeRkA ehIyGñkxøHeTotTTYlxusRtUvxagEpñkdwkCBa¢Ún . shRKasFuntUc
RtUvEtbMeBjkargarTaMgGs;enHedayxøÜgÉg . enHCakarlM)akmYy ebIsinCaeKmanCMnajEtmYy
EpñkEtb:eu NÑaH ¬]> CMnajxagEpñkplit¦ b:Eu nþmni ecHEpñkepSgeTot ¬]> CMnajTIpSarsRmab;plitpl¦ .
enAkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~ shRKintUc²GacRbmUlpþúMFnFan nigCMnajrbs;BYkeK ehIyeRbIR)as;FnFan
TaMgenHCamYyKña .
shRKinmñak;² EdlkøayeTACasmaCikénsmaKmGaCIvkm~mYyrYcehIy k¾enAEtRbECgCamYyKñaBI
erOgGtifiCn nigGñkpÁt;pÁg; . GaCIvkrnimYy² manyuT§saRsþsMrab;GaCIvkm~erOg²xøÜn ehIymincg;Eck
rMElkbTBiesaFn_CamYyédKURbkYtRbECgeLIy . smaKmGaCIvkm~ RtUvedIrtammaKa’d¾RbesIrmYy .
eKKYrEtelIkTwkcitþsmaCik[cUlrYmEckrMElkKMniteyabl; nigbBaðaepSg² b:uEnþeKRtUvEtdwgfa
smaCikminGacEckrMElkGVI²TaMgGs;enaHeT . bBaðaCak;lak;mYycMnYnrbs;GaCIvkrmñak;² GacelIk
ykmkBiPakSamYyTl;nwgmYy sþIBIdMbUn~anGaCIvkm~ CamYynwgGñkBieRKaHeyabl; Edl)ancuHhtßelxa
elIkic©RBmeRBogrkSakarsm¶at;.
17
m:UDulTI 3³ karGPivvDÆsmaKmGaCIvkm
3>1> vdþCIvitrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm
smaKmk¾dUcCamnusSeyIgEdr ³ smaKmRtUv)anbegáIteLIg lUtlas; eFVIkarnigrIkduHdal b:uEnþ
smaKmTaMgenHk¾GacRbQmmuxnwgbBaðaCaeRcInpgEdr dUcCa)at;bg;PaBrwgbwugrbs;xøÜn ehIyk¾søab;
eTA . vamanKuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtiþenAkñúgtMNak;kalnImYy² énkarGPivDÆn_smaKmGaCIvkm~
d¾tUcmYy .
vdþsmaKmGaCIvkm~FuntUcmYyKW ³
- karcab;bdisn§i
- kumarPaB
- yuvv½y
- eBjv½y
- cas;TMu
- RTuDeRTam EdlGacnaMeTArkkarbiTTVar b¤karbegátI eLIgCaf~I
karcab;bdisn§i KWenAeBlEdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~RtUv)anbegátI eLIg . manmnusSmñak; b¤ BIr bInak;man
KMnti begátI GgÁPaBmYy edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðarYmKña . buKlÁ ki sßabnaTaMgenHmansarHsMxan;Nas;kgñú kar
ebþCaJ citþ edIm,IbegátI CarUbragsmaKmenHeLIg . eKeFVkI aredays~R½ Kcitþ ehIysmaCikmancMnnY tictYc
Nas; .
GMLgú eBlkumarPaB manskm~PaBmYycMnnY elcecjeLIg . smaKm)ankøayCaGgÁPaBmYy Edl
BiPBelakxageRkAemIleXIj . manesckþsI aTr nigkarebþCaJ citBþ sI maCikTaMgLay . enAtMNak;kalenH
18
m:UDulTI 3³ karGPivvDÆsmaKmGaCIvkm~
vamansar³sMxan;kgúñ karbegátI eKalkarN_epSg²sMrab;GnuvtþrmY Kña nigeFI[V R)akdfasmaCik)anTTYl

RbeyaCn_es~²I Kña . enAGMLguú eBlkumarPaB vaGacmanTMnas;edaysarfasmaCikGacminRBmeRBogKña
eTAelIeKalbMNg nigviFeI FVkI arenAkñgú smaKmGaCIvkm~ . karR)aRs½yTak;Tgd¾l¥ manPaBcaM)ac;
edIm,I[smaCiknanaeFVkI areq<aHeTAkan;eKaledArYm .
enAkñgú PaByuvv½y smaKmenAxVHxatbTBiesaFn_ ehIyRbEhlCamankMhsu CaeRcIn . b:Eu nþ
mansmaCikCaeRcIn)ancUlrYmenAdMNak;kalenH . smaKmRtUvkøayCaGgÁkarGaCIBmYy EdlmanRbB½n§
kargarc,as;las; enHmann½yfamanEpnkarl¥ nigkargarrdæ)all¥ . meFüa)ayf~²I sMrab; eFVkI arR)aRs½y
Tak;TgCamYybuKlÁ ki RtUvEtbegátI eLIgedIm,IFana[mankarcUlrYmRbkbedayRbsiTP§ aBBIbKu lÁ ki .
enAeBlQandl;PaBeBjv½y smaKm)anTTYlbTBiesaFn_RKb;RKan; . manekrþQ × a~ Hl¥BcI eM Nam
smaCiknanarbs;xnÜø . smaKmmansmtßPaBpþle; svaRbkbedayKuNPaB nigbMEbkskm~PaBrbs;xnÜø
CaeRcIny:ag. enHKWCadMNak;kalKYr[cab;Garm~N_ ehIymanRbsiTP§ aBsRmab;smaKmGaCIvkm~ .
enAeBlQandl;vy½ cas;TMu smaCiksmaKmGac)at;bg;esckþsI aTr EdlBYkeKmanBIeBlmun
BIeRBaHfamankarRbQmmuxtictYcEtb:eu NÑaH . fVeI bIsmaKmenAEtbnþplþ e; svarbs;xnÜø eTA[smaCik
TaMgLay k¾bEu: nþsmaKmGacmankarBi)akeRcIn edIm,IeKogKresckþRI bwgERbg nigkarebþCaJ citrþ bs;
smaCik . smaKmGaccg;BRgwgcMnnY GñkBak;Bn½ § ehIybegátI édKUsaß bnaCaeRcIneTot .
v½yRTuDeRTam KWCakarb:nu b:gbegátI Caf~eI LIgI vij b¤kC¾ adMeNIrkarmYyQaneTArkTIbBa©b; edaysar ³
- : EbbGPiCnniym : KWenAeBlEdlGñkdwknaMsmaKmTaMgLay mankarts‘UsVitsVaj
edIm,IkarBarGMNacrbs;BkY eK ehIyxkxanmin)anbegátI skm~PaBf~²I eTot b¤TTYlhaniPy½ .
- : kariyaFib,etyüniym : enAeBlc,ab; nigbBaØtTi aMgLay køayCaktþasMxan;CagplRb
eyaCn_nanarbs;smaCik . K~annrNamñak;ha‘ nTTYlykKMnti pþcÜ epþmI f~²I eLIy . kar]btßmÖ
mUlniFi nigkarKaMRTBIrdæaPi)alkan;EtmanPaBlM)akeLIg . RbsinebIsmaKm )at;bg;plRbeyaCn_
nanasRmab;smaCikrbs;xøÜn manGgÁPaBdéTepSgeTotGacnwgekIteLIgedIm,IbMeBjcenøaH
xVHxatTaMgenH .
- : karbMEbkecj : GacekIteLIgenAeBlsmaKmmansmaCikf~²I begátI saxarbs;xnÜø b¤enAeBlEdl
esvakm~nanamanPaBm©as;kar .
3>2> yuT§saRsþsmaCikPaB
GaRs½yeTAelIRbePTsmaKmGaCIvkm~FuntUc vaGaccaM)ac;RtUveRCIserIssmaCikmYycMnYntam
lT§PaBEdlGaceFVI)an b¤k¾pÞúymkvij KWRtUvKitKUrGMBIKuNPaBénkarcUlrYm [)anx<s;BIsMNak;
smaCik EdlmanRsab; .
karbegáIncMnYnsmaCikGacCakarsMxan;kñúgkal³eTs³ ³
19
- smaKmGaCIvkm~cg;;bgðajdl;rdæaPi)al nigGgÁPaBédKUTaMgLay faeKKWCasßab½nsMxan;Cag

eK EdltMNag[shRKasFunmIRkU nigmFüm ehIysßab½nenHdMeNIrkarRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB
nig)annaMmknUvplRbeyaCn_Cak;Esþgdl;smaCikTaMgGs; .
- skm~PaBrbs;smaKmRtUvkarmaRtdæanénGtßRbeyaCn_.
- esvakm~rbs;smaKmKWsßitenAeRkamkareRbIR)as;edaysmaCikcas; ¬kMBugmanvtþman¦
karepþateTAelIKuNPaBénkarcUlrYmedaysmaCikcas; KWsMxan;enAeBl ³
- lT§PaBrs;ranbnþeTot)anrbs;smaKm KWEp¥kelIsmaCikRKb;²Kña EdlRtUvRbkan;yknUvkar
eyaKyl;KñaeTAvijeTAmk dUcCaTIpSarrYmKñasMrab;plitplTaMgLay .
- smaKmcg;rkSatMélplitpl nigesvakm~rbs;smaCik[enAhñwgdEdl edaykMNt;cMnYnGñk
plit b¤Gñkpþl;esva
- smaCikGaCIvkm~cg;)ankarkarBar nigpþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;smaCikxøÜn ehIymincg;køayCa
GgÁPaBmYy EdlmanTRmg;x<s;eBkeT . enHKWCakrNImYy EdlsmaCikTaMgLaymankar
saTrcMeBaHkareBjcitþrbs;Gñkneya)ayrYcCaeRsceTAehIy karN_enHnwgBi)akkarBar
RbsinebIGgÁPaBkøayCaGgÁPaBsaFarN³ehIyenaH .
krNIsikSa ³ yuT§saRsþTak;TajsmaCik
smaKmshRKinRsþxI añ ttUcnigmFüm manEpnkarcg;RbmUlpþsMú maCik[)aneRcIntamEtGaceFVeI TA
)an edIm,I[smaKmmansMelgkan;EtrwgmaMkgúñ kareFVCI atMNag nigcrcarCamYyGñkBak;Bn½ § .
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
smaCikPaBrbs;RkumGaCIvkm~xHø EdlKaMRTedaysmaKmkm<Cú aGPivDÆesdækci e© RkARbB½n§ (CAID)
mancMnnY kMNt; . ]TahrN_ enAÉcMNtGakasyandæanGnþrCatiPeMñ Bj smaCikrbs;RkumGñkebIkbr
mancMnnY RtwmEt 31 nak;beu: NÑaH . GñkebIkbrTaMgGs;mansMelokbMBak;ÉksNæan nigmYksuvtßPi aB
Edlpþle; dayGgÁkarGPivDÆn_rbs;RbeTsGalømW g: . karkMNt;cnM nY enH eFVeI LIgedayEp¥keTAelItrM vU kar
rbs;GtifCi n edIm,IeFV[I R)akdfa GñkebIkbryanynþmanGtifCi nRKb;RKan; . Rkummansþgd; artMél
esvakm~ edayK~ankarRbkYtRbECgKñakñúgcMeNamsmaCik .
manlT§PaBCaeRcInsRmab;e)aHCMhaneTAmux EdlGacnaM[mankarTak;TajsmaCikf~I b¤edIm,I

BRgwgkarebþCJacitþrbs;smaCikcas; manCaGaTiKW ³
- karelIkTwkcitþ mandUcCaGMeNaytictYc sRmab;smaCikcas;Edl)anENnaMsmaCikf~I
- begáItskm~PaBepSg²sRmab;GñkminEmnCasmaCik Edlpþl;dl;eKnUvcMNab;Garm~N_CaGtß
RbeyaCn_sRmab;karkøayCasmaCiksmaKmGaCIvkm~.
- esah‘uyd¾tictYc sRmab;cayvayenAqñaMdMbUgsRmab;smaCikPaB
20
- rUbsBaØab¤eQ~aHsmaKmEdlsmaCiksÁal; nigeFVI[smaCikmñak;²manGarm~N_faxøÜnCa
smaCik enAkñúgRkum - vabegáItKMnitfaRkumCarbs;eK
- karpSayBaNiC¢km~GMBIsmaCikf~I enAelITMB½rTsSnavdIþedayminbg;éfø
- EckcaynUvB½t’mansMxan;² sþIBIbBaðaCati EdlnwgGacmankarb:HBal;dl;GaCIvkm~TaMgLay
eTA[smaCikfI~² .
- km~viFIENnaMkargardl;smaCikfI~² pþl;dl;eKnUvB½t’mansþIBIesvakm~ nigplitplrbs;
smaKm
3>3> yuT§saRsþsþIBIshB½n§ shCIB nigbNþaj
smaKmGaCIvkm~ CaFm~tacab;epþImenAfñak;mUldæan . mYyry³eRkaymk eKrkeXIjfakaredaH
RsaybBaðaCaeRcIn RtUvkarCamUldæannUvsmaCikcMnYneRcInKña fvika nigFnFanmnusSbEnßm b¤\T§iBl
neya)aybEnßm . eKnwg)aneXIjGtßRbeyaCn_énkarshRbtibtþikarCamYyGgÁPaBRbhak;RbEhlKña
kñúgkarEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_ B½t’man nigbegáItKMnitpþÜcepþImrYmKña . bnÞab;mk karN_enHkøayCamUldæan
RKwHkñúgkarbegáItGgÁPaBkñúgkMritTI 2 dUcCashB½n§ nigGgÁPaBGnþrCMnaj ehIyBRgwgGMNacrbs;
vis½yshRKasFuntUc nigmFüm .
EbbEpnskm~PaBrbs;shB½n§ nigshCIB eRbobeFobnwgsmaKmGaCIvkm~mlU dæan manCaGaTiKW ³
- karviPaKeKalneya)ayrdæaPi)alfñak;CatisþIBIEpñkÉkCn
- sRmbsRmYlkarbBa©úHbBa©Úlkñúgvis½yesdækic©fñak;Cati bTbBaØtiþ RbB½n§Bn§dar
- erobcMkarpøas;bþÚr nigTsSnkic©eTAkan;smaKmGaCIvkm~kñúgRsuk b¤enAeRkARbeTsEdlsÞat;
CMnajkñúgkareFVICMnYj
- begáItkarTMnak;TMngGnþrCati
- eFVIkm~sikSa[cMEpñk GMBIktþasMxan;² kñúgkarbegáItshRKasFuntUc
shB½n§ nig shCIBmanbBaðamYycMnYn EdlxusEbøkBIsmaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgenaH manCaGaTiKW ³
- karcMNayelIskm~PaBeFVICMnYjmankRmitx<s; edaysarkarTMnak;TMngKñaCamYysmaCikman
témøéføeBk .
- GacnwgmanplRbeyaCn_pÞúyKñaeRcIneTot rvagRkumepSg²CasmaCik .
- karcMNaynwgGacekIneLIgx<sE; fmeTot eRBaHfamankargars~R½ Kcittþ ci tYc ehIyR)ak;ebovtSr_
RbEhlGaceLIgx<s; .
21
shB½n§ nigshCIBmanrcnasm<n½§epSgKña manlkçnþik³ mhasnñi)at nigKN³km~karRbtibtiþ

erog²xøÜn . kñúgkrNICaeRcIn smaCiksmaKmCasmaCiksßabnik ehIy)anbBa¢ÚntMNagrbs;xøÜn[eTA
eFVIkarenAkñúgshCIBnigshB½n§enaH .
RbsinebImincaM)ac;edIm,IbegáItnUvrcnasm<½n§Rsbc,ab;edayELkBIKña vaRbEhlCagayRsYlCag
kñúgkarbegáIt :bNþajkargar : mYy . enAeBlEdlsmaKmCasmaCikrbs;bNþaj seRmcerobcM
skm~PaBrYmKñamYy CaTUeTAeKnwgEckrMElkkarTTYlxusRtUv kñgú cMeNamsmaKm EdlcUlrYmepSgeTot .
viPaKTanGacRtUvbg; edIm,ITUTat;karcMNayrYmKña . smaKmGaCIvkm~mYyGacCaPñak;garnaMmux sRmab;
bNþaj nig sRmbsRmYlskm~PaBbNþaj .
krNIski Sa³ yuT§saRsþsþIBIshB½n§ shCIB nigbNþaj

shB½n§nieyaCk nigsmaKmBaNiC¢km~km<úCa KWCasmaKmBaNiC¢km~ EdlÉkraCünigsV½yt
eday)ancuHbBa¢kI ar nigTTYlsÁal;edayraCrdæaPi)alkm<Cú a. shB½nR§ tUv)anbegátI eLIgenAqñaM 2000
edaysarmankarekIneLIgénPaBcaM)ac; Edlvisy½ ÉkCnRtUvrYbrYmkMlaMgsamKÁKI añ CaFøgú mYy . shB½n§
)ankøayCasmaKmFMCageKbMptu EdlCatMNag[nieyaCkenAkñgú RbeTskm<Cú a kñgú enaHmanshB½n§
tMNag[Rkumh‘nu srubcMnnY Cag 700 Rkumh‘nu EdlrYmmanshRKasxñattUc nig mFüm Rkumh‘nu CMnjY
naMmuxrbs;CnCatiEx~r nigRkumh‘unBhuCati mü:ageTotsmaKmBaNiC¢km~sMxan;²cMnYnCag10 k_Ca
smaCikrbs;shB½nE§ dr .
TsSnvisy½ rbs;shB½n§ KWedIm,IBRgwgnigrYbrYmvisy½ ÉkCnenAkñgú RbeTskm<Cú a tamry³kareFVI
CatMNag nigeFVsI hRbtibtþki ard¾manRbsiTPi§ aBCamYyrdæaPi)alkm<Cú a nigsßab½nBiPBelak EdlBak;
B½nT§ aMgGs; . elIsBIenH shB½nm§ aneKalbMNgBRgwgsmtßPaBsmaCik edIm,IGacRbkYtRbECgkñgú
sklPavUbnIykm~esdækci © . shB½nm§ ankarebþCaJ citkþ gúñ karsMerc[)annUvTsSnvisy½ rbs;xnÜø tam ÷
1/ sRmbsRmYlvis½yÉkCneGaymanPaBrYbrYmKñaEtmYy
2/ elIkkMBs;TMnak;TMngviC¢aCIv³l¥ edIm,IFanaeGay)annUvbriyakasGaCIvkm~d¾manPaBsuxdum
3/ tMNageGaysmaCikenAsßab½n EdlRtUvmansMelgrbs;nieyaCk
4/ pþl;karRbwkSaeyabl; ksagsmtßPaB nigpSBVpSayB½t’man
tamry³karcUlCasmaCikrbs;shB½n§nieyaCknigsmaKmBaNiC¢km~km<úCa smaCikTaMgGs;
nwgTTYl)annUvesvakm~mYycMnYndUcCa³ esvaRbwkSaeyabl;Tak;TgnwgKtic,ab; nigRbwkSaeyabl;
B½t’man sþIBIB½t’manTIpSar nigsßanPaBGaCIvkm~ karbNþúHbNþal nigbNþajTMnak;TMngkñúg
nigeRkARbeTs nigesvaénkareFVICaGñktMNagenAkñúgsnñisiT§eTVPaKI nigRtIPaKIfñak;Cati CamYYy
Pñak;garraCrdæaPi)al nigsßab½nGnþrCati .
22
3>4> karekItmannUvkarlM)ak
smaKmEdlmankarRKb;RKgl¥ GacBRgIkskm~PaBxøÜn)an GacTak;TajsmaCikf~I² nigRbmUl
bEnßmnUvFnFanmnusS nighirBaØvtßú . smaKmnwgekIteLIgBIdMNak;kaldMbUg (embryonic) eRkApøÚvkar
mYy rhUtdl;køayCasßab½npøÚvkarmYy EdlmankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmuxsgÁm nigesdækic© .
GgÁPaBmandMeNIrkartamCMhanRbhak;RbEhlKña nigCYbRbTHnUv]bsKÁRsedogKña. smaKm
GaCIvkm~ nwgmanbTBiesaFn_lM)ak²mYycMnYn ³
- smaCikf~Inwgcg;cUlrYmCamYyGgÁPaB k¾b:uEnþeKRbEhlCaminmanKMnit nigPaBskm~dUc
smaCiksßabnikGgÁPaBenaHeLIy .
- CabzmGgÁPaBGacTTYlxusRtUveTAelIEttMbn;Citxag b¤vis½ymYyb:ueNaÑH b:uEnþvtþmansmaCik
f~I KWmann½yfakarBRgIkskm~PaBeTAkñúgtMbn;f~I nigvis½yepSgeTot. dUcenH GgÁPaBcaM)ac;
RtUvbegáItKN³km~akaredayELksRmab;tMbn; b¤vis½yenaH ]TahrN_KN³km~karsRmab;
shRKaseFVIEdk ¬Efb¦ nwgmantMNagenAkñúgKN³km~karRbtibtþi EdlmkBItMbn; nigvis½y
TaMgenaH .
- CadMbUg kargareRcInbMputnwgRtUv)anbMeBjedayRkumtUc²énGñks~½RKcitþ . enAeBlGgÁPaB
enHkan;EtrIkcMerIneLIg eKRtUveRCIserIsbuKlÁ ki CMnajbEnßm . PaBtantwgnwgekItmaneLIgrvag
buKÁlik nigGñkdwknaMEdl)aneRCIserIs enAeBlEdlbuKÁlikmanB½t’manCaeRcIn enAkñúgéd nig
manTMnak;TMngeRcInCamYysmaCik kñúgxN³EdlKN³km~karRbtibtþiCaGñkmanGMNaceFVI
esckþIseRmc .
- enAeBlEdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~begáItskm~PaBepSgeTot vanwgmankarlM)aksRmab;smaCik
nana k¾dUcCasRmab;GñkdwknaMtammUldæankñúgkarcg;dwgnUvGVI EdlekIteLIgenAfñak;elI.
karxitxMRbwgERbg KWCatRmUvkarsRmab;sRmbsRmYlskm~PaBepSg²Kña nigrkSakarpþlB; t½ m’ an
dl;smaCikdUcCatamry³RBwtþib½Rt .
- enAeBlGgÁPaBkan;EtrIkFMeLIg karTMnak;TMngrvagsmaCik nigGñkdwknaMkan;EtticeTA² .
eTaHCarvl;y:agNak¾eday GñkdwknaMRtUvEtBüayamTak;TgCamYynwgPaBCak;EsþgenAmUldæan
mincMeBaHPaBeCaKC½yEdl)anTTYly:agNaenaHeT . GñkdwknaMTaMgGs;RtUvyl;GMBIGtß
RbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikEdlRkCageK .
- enAeBlGgÁPaBmankarrIkcMerIn mUlniFiBIRbPBeRcInKñakøayCakarsMxan; sRmab;sV½yPaBrbs;
GgÁkar . karBwgEp¥keTAelIRbPBcMNlU EtmYyeRcIneBk KWbNþal[GgÁPaBgayrgeRKaHeRcIn
kñúgkarpøas;bþÚreKalneya)ay b¤buKÁlikkñúgGgÁPaBdéTeTot . bnSMénéføsmaCikPaB
skm~PaBrkR)ak;cMNUl nigmUlniFirbs;Gñkpþl;CMnYy GacCYy[GgÁPaBbnþskm~PaBrbs;
xøÜnedayÉkraCü edayEp¥kelIGaTiPaBrbs;smaCik EtminEp¥kelIGaTiPaBrbs;Gñkpþl;
mUlniFieLIy .
23
m:UDulTI 4 ³ ebskkm nigeKaledA

rbs;smaKm
4>1> TsSn³vis½yrbs;GgÁPaB
smaKmGaCIvkm~GacTTYleCaKC½y)an edayBwgEp¥keTAelIsmaCikmaneKaledArYmKñamYYy Edl
bBa¢ak;faetIsmaKmcg;)anGVI. viFImYyedIm,IeFVI[R)akdfa smaCikmaneKaledArYmKñaenaH KWkarÉkPaB
KñaeTAelIRbeyaKTsSn³ .
TsSn³eRbobdUcCasubinþmYy b¤rUbPaBmYy Edlmanlk½çx½NÐl¥RbesIrbMputsMrab;smaCik.
RbeyaKTsSn³ KWCaXøab¤RbeyaKd¾xøImYy EdlbgðajGMBIesckþIsgÇwmrbs;smaCiksMrab;GnaKt
BYkeK. RbeyaKxøI² EdlgaycgcaMmandUcCa : GaCIvkm~xagEpñkÉkCn EdleBareBjeTAeday
karRbkYtRbECg : b¤ : »kasGaCIvkm~es~I²Kña sMrab;RsþI nigburs : GacCaEpñkénRbeyaKTsSn³ .
TsSn³rbs;GgÁkar GacmanlkçN³dUcxageRkamenH ³
- KuNtMél
- lM)akkñúgkareFVI[sMerc)an
- manRkmsIlFm’
RbeyaKTsSn³ KYrEt ³
- mankarcUlrYmcMENkBIsmaCik ehIysmaCikTaMgGs;yl;dwg
- elIkTwkcitþ
- gayeFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
24
m:UDulTI 4 ³ ebskkm~ nigeKaledArbs;smaKm
4>2> ebskkm
GñkEdlenAkñgú GgÁPaB caM)ac;RtUvEtyl;c,as;las;GBM GI IV EdlBYkeKTaMgGs;Kañ xitxMeFI.V ebskkm~
KWCaBaküeBCn_c,as;las;mYysMNMuEdlbUksrubeKaledA nigeKalbMNgsMxan;²rbs;GgÁPaB .
RbeyaKebskkm~ manlkçN³Cak;lak;CagRbeyaKTsSn³ .
ebskkm~eqøIynwgsMNYrdUcxageRkam ³
- etIGñkCanrNakñúgnamCaGgÁPaBmYy?
- ehtuGVI)anCaGñkekIteLIg ?
- etIGñkeFVIGVI ?
- etIGñkbMerIGñkNa?
GgÁkarmYycMnYndak;bBa©ÚlTsSn³ nigebskkm~CamYyKña EtxøHeTotEjkdac;BIKña . TsSn³man
lkçN³TUeTACag ehIymaneKalbMNgCMrujTwkcitþsmaCik . cMENkÉebskkm~ manninñakareq<aH
eTArkkarkMNt;EdlGacGnuvtþ)an kñgú karkMNt;RkumeKaledA EdlsmaKmnwgeFVkI arCamYy nigmeFüa)ay
sMxan;² EdlnwgRtUveRbIR)as; edIm,ICMnHnUvral;karlM)aknana . vabMerI[GñkTaMgGs; EdlBak;B½n§
nwgkargarsMxan; ²enAkñúgGgÁkar .
xN³EdlRbeyaKTsSn³CMruj[smaCikRsémGMBIGnaKt RbeyaKebskkm~KYrCMruj[BYkeKeFVI
skm~PaB. smaCikTaMgGs;Kb,IcUlrYmtamkm~viFImYycMnYnkñúgkic©RBmeRBogelIGVI Edlebskm~enH)an
Eføg.
4>3> karkMNt;eKalbMNg
eKalbMNgmanlkçN³Cak;lak; nigmanCMhannana EdlGacvas;Evg)an sMrab;CYyGñkkñúgkar
sMercebskkm~rbs;Gñk. muneBlkMNt;eKalbMNgrbs;smaKm smaCiknanaRtUvEtkMMNt;bBaða
rYmCamunsin eTIbmanPaBgayRsYl kñúgkarkMNt;eKalbMNg edayRKan;Etpøas;bþÚrBIbBaða[eTACa
RbeyaKviC¢man .
]TahrN_ ³
ebIsinCaGñkmanm:asIunkinRsUvCYbRbTHnwgbBaðarYmmYyKW eKK~anlT§PaBTTYl)anesvahirBaØvtßú
enaHeKalbMNgmYyrbs;smaKmenHKW :KaMRTsmaCik[TTYl)anesvahirBaØvtßú : .
]TahrN_ ³
Gñktm,ajsURtTaMgLaymanbBaðadUcKñamYy KWeKeRbIR)as;bec©kviCa¢ minTan;sm½y enaHeKalbMNg
mYyrbs;smaKmGñktm,ajsURtenHKW : pþl;karKaMRT[smaCikkñúgkarGPivDÆn_bec©keTstm,aj : .
25
eKalbMNgrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvEtmanlkçN³lM)aknwgsMerc)an nigBak;B½n§eTAnwgtMrUvkar
rbs;smaCik . eKRtUvEtbBa©ÚlkarlM)aknana EdlminGacedaHRsay)anedayGaCIvkrmñak;²
b:uEnþGacsMerc)an edayeRbIR)as;kMlaMgrwgmaMrbs;Rkum .
eKalbMNgrbs;smaKmGacpøas;bþÚr)aneTAtameBlevla edaysarbBaðaEdlsmaCikCYbRbTH
k¾mankarpøas;bþÚrEdr .
krNIsikSa ³ TsSn³nigebskkm~rbs;smaKGaCIvkm~
TsSn³nigebskm~rbs;shB½n§nieyaCknwgsmaKmBaNiC¢km~ CAMFEBA KWCasmaKm
ÉkraCümYy EdlmaneKaledABRgwgvis½yÉkCnenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa nigBRgwgsmtßPaBsmaCik
rbs;eyIg edIm,I[BYkeKGacRbkYtRbECgkñúgsklPavUbnIykm~esdækic© .
eKalbMNgrbs; CAMFEBA KW ³
1/ sRmbsRmYlvis½yÉkCn[manPaBrYbrYmKñaEtmYy
- edaHRsayRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBnUvral;bBaðaEdlb:HBal;dl;suxPaB nigplRbeyaCn_
rbs;smaCikRBmTaMgnieyaCikTaMgGs;
- sRmbsRmYlkñúgkarpSBVpSay[Tan;eBlevlanUvB½t’mansþIBIc,ab; nigbTbBaØtif~I²
- pþl;»kasdl;smaCikkñúgkarksagbNþaj nigbegáItTMnak;TMngCamYyKñanigKña
2> elIkkMBs;TMnak;TMngviC¢aCIv³l¥ edIm,IFana[)annUvbriyakasGaCIvkm~d¾manPaBsuxdum
- elIkkMBs;sIlFm’l¥kñúgbriyakasGaCIvkm~rvagnieyaCk nigkm~kr-nieyaCit
- elIkkMBs;kEnøgkargar[RbkbedaysuxPaB nigsuvtßiPaB
3> tMNag[smaCikenAsßab½nEdlRtUvmansMelgrbs;nieyaCk
- EsVgrkkarTTYlsÁal; nigbegáItTMnak;TMngd¾manRbsiT§PaBCamYyraCrdæaPi)al nigRksYg
EdlBak;B½n§
- EsVgrkGasn³eFVICatMNagnieyaCkkñúgKN³km~aFikarCati RtIPaKI
- sMrbsMrYlCamYyédKUshCIBRbkbedaysiT§PaB
- eFVICatMNagd¾manRbsiT§PaBrbs;vis½yÉkCnenAlMdab;fñak;Cati nigGnþrCati
4> pþl;karRbwkSaeyabl; ksagsmtßPaB nigpSBVpSayB½t’man
- pþl;RbwkSaeyabl; nigkarENnaMdl;rdæaPi)al sþIBIkarbegáIteKalneya)ayepSg²Tak;Tg
nwgsgÁm nigesdækic©
- pþl;vKÁbNþúHbNþalEdlBak;B½n§dl;smaCik
- pþl;B½t’manf~I²Tak;TgnwgsßanPaBBaNiC¢km~ nigsgÁm
- pþl;karRbwkSaEpñkc,ab; nigBieRKaHeyabl;dl;smaCik
26
m:UDulTI 5 ³ lkçnþik³smaKm
5>1> lkçnþik³
lkçnþik³pþl;[GgÁPaBnUvrcnasm½<n§ nigc,ab;mUldæanTaMgLay .
- lkçnþik³KWCaGVIEdlsmaCiksßabnikRBmeRBogKña nwg[køayeTACacritlkçN³rbs;GgÁPaB
EdlbgðajBIviFIénkarseRmcnanaRtUveFVIeLIg nigGVIEdlCasiT§i nigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCik
nigrbs;Gkñ dwknaM .
- vapþlC; amUldæansRmab;karBiPakSaTaMgLay elIkarBRgIkGgÁPaBenAeBlGnaKt
- vapþl;B½t’mandl;BiPBelakxageRkAGMBIviFInana EdlGgÁPaBenHRtUvdMeNIrkareLIg .
- vaCYyRkum[GacTTYl)ankarcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar RbsinebIenaHKWCakartRmUv .
lkçnþik³PaKeRcInmanB½t’mandUcxageRkamenH ³
- eQ~aHsmaKm
- TIkEnøg nigkalbriecäTénkarbegáItsmaKm
- Gas½ydæan
- ebskkm~nigeKaledAnana
- critlkçN³rbs;smaKm
- smaCiksßabnik
- smaCikPaB KWebIkcMhCUndl; ///
- smaCikf~ITaMgLayGac)anTTYlkarGnuBaØateday ///
- siT§inigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCik
- tYnaTInanarbs;mhasnñi)at KN³km~karRbtibtþi nigrcnasm<½n§epSg²eTot RBmTaMgviFInana
EdlBYkeKRtUv)ane)aHeqñateRCIserIs
- Rkumxus²KñaenAkñúgsmaKm ¬dUcCaRsþI yuvCn b¤RkumGaCIvkm~tUc²¦ RtUv)aneRCIserIs[eFVICa
tMNag enAkRmitxus²Kñakñúgrcnasm½<n§ ¬KN³km~kar b¤Rkumkargar¦
- viFInanaEdlFnFanhirBaØvtßú nigFnFansmÖar³epSg² RtUvcat;eTAkñúgrcnasm½<n§
- viFInanasRmab;karEckrMElkplkéRm b¤eRbIR)as;plkéRm
- nItiviFInanaEdlRtUvGnuvtþtam RbsinebIsmaKmenHRtUvrMsay
27
B½t’manPaKxøHGacdak;enAkñúgsMeNAÉksaredayELk Edlmanc,ab;nigbTbBaØtþiépÞkñúg sUmGan

]TahrN_enAkñúg]bsm<n½§ ¬k ¦ .
5>2> siT§i nigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCik

siT§inigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCiksmaKmGaCIvkm~ nwgRtUveFVIkarseRmcedaymhasnñi)at CaBiess
smaCiksßabnik EdlCaGñkseRmcelIlkçnþik³ b¤edayKN³km~karRbtibtþi . siT§inigkatBVkic©TaMg
enHKYrEtkt;RtaeTAkñúglkçnþik³ .
l½kxç N
½ TÐ aMgLaysRmab;kaø yCasmaCikmñak; GacmanlkçN³bt;EbnenAkñgú smaKm EdlebIkcMh
b¤manlkçN³twgEtgenAkñúgsmaKmmincMh . lkç½x½NÐTaMgenHGacrab;bBa©Úl ³
- dMeNIrRbtibtþikarRbePTd¾Cak;lak;rbs;GaCIvkm~
- karrs;enA b¤kareFVIkarenAtamtMbn; b¤TIkEnøgCak;lak;
- shRKasmanTMhMBitR)akdmYy ]TahrN_ cMNUlGtibrma b¤ cMnYnnieyaCitkm~kr .
smaKmGacEbgEcksmaCikCaRkumepSg²dUcCa ³
- smaCikkitþiys CasmaCikEdl)ancUlrYmcMENkCaeRcIneTAkñúgsmaKmkalBIGtItkal
ehIy mincaM)ac;bg;éføsmaCikPaBeT
- smaCikskm~ CasmaCikEdlcUlrYmy:agskm~enAkñúgkargarrbs;smaKm ehIyRtUv)aneK
eRCIserIsCaRkumRbwkSaPi)al
- smaCikminskm~ GacCasmaCik Edlbg;R)ak;viPaKTanyWty:avCagsmaCikskm~ . BYkeK
GacmansiT§e)aHeqñat b:uEnþminmansiT§QreQ~aH[eKe)aHeqñateLIy .
katBVkic©Gacrab;bBa©Úl ³
- karbg;éføviPaKTandMbUgsRmab;katsmaCikPaB
- karbg;éføviPaKTanRbcaMEx b¤RbcaMqñaM
- karcUlrYmGgÁRbCMu EdlmancMnYnGtibrima ¬RtUvbBa¢ak;¦
28
- eKarBtameKalkarN_GnuvtþmYycMnYn nigeFVIskm~PaBGaCIvkm~EdlmanPaBes~aHRtg;
- )anTTYlkarhVwkhVWnenAkRmitBitR)akdmYycMnYn b¤bTBiesaFn_
siT§iGacrab;bBa©Úl ³
- karcUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkareFVIesckþIseRmc
- kare)aHeqñatenAkñúgmhasnñi)at nigkareRCIserIssmaCikKN³km~karRbtibtþi b¤GñktMNag
epSg²
- karTTYl)anplkéRmBIesvakm~nanarbs;GgÁPaB kñúgl½kçx½NÐGnueRKaH
- karykcitþTukdak;es~I²Kña enAkñúgcMeNamsmaCikTaMgGs; .
krNIski Sa³ siT§inigkatBVkic©smaCikrbs;smaKm

GaCIkrEdlmansiT§icUlCasmaCiksmaKmGaCIvkm~m:asIunkinRsUvkñúgextþkMBg;cam)anKW ³ 1-
RtUvmanm:asIunkinRsUvrbs;xøÜnpÞal; ehIymanTItaMgkñúgextþ 2- GñkEdleFVIGaCIvkm~elIplrbr
RsUvnigGgár 3- mankarcuHeQ~aHGaCIvkm~Rsbc,ab; . smaCikmñak;²RtUvbg;R)ak;30>000 erol
sMrab;smaCikPaBenARKadMbUg . smaCikRtUvbMeBjkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn nigKaMRTsmaKm edIm,IbegáIn
ekr×þeQ~aHsmaKm .
kñuúgkrNIsmaCikNamYyenAkñúgsmaKm Edlcg;laQb;BIsmaCikPaBrbs;smaKm KWRtUv
dak;BaküsMlu aElgBIsmaCikrbs;smaKmeGay)anmunry³eBlmYyEx nigeFV[I R)akdfa eKminman
Cak;CMBak;R)ak;;smaKmeLIy . smaKmmansiT§ikñúgkarbeNþjsmaCikBIsmaKm kñúgkrNIsmaCik
Namñak;rMelaPelIlkçnþik³rbs;smaKm .
29
m:UDulTI 6 ³ karelIkTwkcitþRsþI[cUlrYm
6>1> karEsVgyl;smaCik
GñkdwknaMsmaKm KYrmanTMnak;TMngnigkarBiPakSay:ageTogTat; CamYysmaCiknanarbs;xøÜn .
BYkeKKYrrkSakartamdaneTAelIGVIEdlraMgsÞHmin[smaCikcUlrYm nigmUlehtuGVIEdlCMruj[smaCik
cUlrYmCamYysmaKm . etIsmaCikTaMgenHmankarrMBwgTukdUcemþcxøH? BYkeKKYrEtdwgcemøIysRmab;
sMNYrTaMgenH ³
- etIsmaCikmñak;² manmUlehtucm,gGVIxøH edIm,IcUlrYmCamYysmaKmGaCIvkm~enH?
- etIskm~PaB b¤esvakm~NamYYy EdlsmaCikBicarNaeXIjfaCa : plRbeyaCn_sMxan; : ?
- etIkarCRmujTwkcitþrbs;smaCikmankRmitNaEdr EdlcUlrYmCaEpñkmYyénsmaKmGaCIvkm~
enH ? b¤sYrmüa:gvijeTot etIsmaKmGaCIvkm~manRbsiT§PaB kñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðasMxan;²
mYycMnYnrbs;Kat;Edrb¤eT? b¤fa etIsmaKmpþl»; kasGVIxøHdl;smaCik ?
- etImanmUlehtucm,gGVIxøH EdlshRKasxøHmincUlrYmCamYysmaKm ?
shRKinGacmanktþaCRmujTwkcitþxusEbøkBIKña sRmab;karcUlrYmCamYysmaKmenH . sRmab;
shRKinxøH lT§PaBBiPakSaelIRbtibtþki arGaCIvkm~CamYym©as;GaCIvkm~RsedogKña GacCaplRbeyaCn_
mYy cMENkshRKinxøHeTot plRbeyaCn_GacmanlkçN³Rtg;²Etmþg dUcCacg;begáIncMNUlGaCIvkm~
tamry³esvakm~nana EdlsmaKmpþl;[. EtshRKinxøHeTotEdlxVHRTBübBa©aMsRmab;R)ak;km©I
Gaccab;Garm~N_cUlrYmsmaKmGaCIvkm~ RbsinebIsmaKmenHmanmUlniFiFana edIm,ICYy[BYkeKGac
TTYl)anR)ak;km©I .
6>2> sRmbsRmYlkarcUlrYmrbs;smaCik
smaKmGaCIvkm~mYy KYrKb,IRbkan;ykRbB½n§mYy sRmab;pþl;karBieRKaHeyabl;dl;smaCik .
enHKb,ICaskm~PaBCab;lab; EdlGñkdwknaMEsVgrkviFIepSg² edIm,Isþab;smaCik CYyBYkeKkñúg
karelIkeLIgBIkgVl;nana nigRtYtBinitüemIlfa etIsmaKmGaCIvkm~kMBugEteqøIytby:agsmRsm
eTAnwgtMrUvkarrbs;smaCikxøÜnEdrb¤eT . eTaHbICamuneBlGgÁPaBenHRtUvbegáIteLIg caM)ac;RtUvman
EbbTbfy:agRbugRby½tñmYy edIm,IniyayCamYyRkumeKaledA GMBIGVIEdlsmaCikPaBrMBwgfa
nwgekIteLIgy:agNaenaH .
30
shRKinFuntUc nwgcUlrYmCamYysmaKmGaCIvkm~ enAeBlEdlBYkeKmanGarm~N_fa GgÁPaBenaH

)anebþCJacitþ edIm,IeFVIkareq<aHeTArkdMeNaHRsaybBaðananarbs;BYkeK nigbegáIt»kasf~I²sRmab;BYkeK
. BYkeKnwgcUlrYmy:agskm~enAkñúgsmaKm RbsinebIBYkeKmanGarm~N_fa GñkdwknaMrbs;BYk ³
- sþab;BYkeK
- GeBa¢IjBYkeKeGaycUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkareFVIesckþIseRmcnana
- BicarNaGMBIBYkeK enAeBlbegáItskm~PaBTaMgLay sMedACYyseRmc)annUveKalbMNgrYm
rbs;GgÁPaB
- pþl;karykcitþTukdak;es~I²Kñadl;smaCikRKb;RbePTTaMgGs; ³ FMCag tUcCag manTItaMgenATI
Rkug manTItaMgenACnbT manrdæCam©as; manÉkCnCam©as; burs RsþI .
karebþCJad¾skm~rbs;smaCik KWCaktþapþl;GayuCIvitsRmab;karrs;ranrbs;GgÁPaB . karcUlrYm
rbs;smaCikGacman ³ kareFVEI pnkar kareFVeI sckþsI eRmc nigkarGnuvtþskm~PaB k¾dcU CakarRtYtBinti ü
nig vaytémøskm~PaBTaMgenaH .
smaKmGaCIvkm~GacsRmbsRmYlkarcUlrYmrbs;smaCikxøÜn tamviFIepSg²Kña ³
- begátI KN³km~karmUldæanmYyeTAtamtMbn;Cti xag b¤tamvisy½ tUc² edIm,IBPi akSabBaðaCak;lak;
rbs;BYkeK .
- begátI RkumkargarmYyY edIm,Iski SabBaðaNamYy nigesñeI sckþsI eRmcCUneTAKN³km~karRbtibtþ.i
- erobcMsnñisiT§ nigkarBiPakSananaeTAelIRbFanbT EdlKYreGaycab;Garm~N_ .
- sRmbsRmYl[smaCikbeBa©jKMnitGaCIvkm~f~I² nigKaMRTBYkeK edIm,IGnuvtþKMnitTaMgenaH.
skm~PaBTaMgLay EdlGnuBaØat[smaCik)ancUlrYm nigBRgwgsmaKmenaH man ³
- karbegáIt nigEckcaynUvbBa¢IeQ~aHTaMgLayrbs;smaCik nwgCYy[smaCik)ansÁal;Kña
ehIyvak¾CYykñúgkarpSBVpSayGMBIGaCIvkm~rbs;BYkeK .
- kare)aHBum<RBwtþib½Rt nwgCYypþl;Bt’manf~I² GMBIkarGPivDÆn_nanaenAkñúgGgÁPaBshKmn_ nig
]sSahkm~ dl;smaCik RBmTaMgCYybMerICa]bkrN_pSBVpSay dl;Gkñ EdlminEmnCasmaCik.
- karerobcMhagRbmUlpþMúKña b¤BiBN’BaNiC¢km~ edIm,IpSBVpSayBIplitplnanarbs;smaCikdl;
GtifiCnf~I² .
- kareFVIkic©shkarCamYysmaKmdéTeTot . ]TahrN_ edIm,IerobcMBiBN’BaNiC¢km~ b¤esñI[
BYkeK cuHpSBVpSayBIGgÁPaBrbs;Gñk enAkñúgGtßbTpSBVpSayTaMgLayrbs;BYkeK .
- karerobcMGgÁRbCMuepSg²CamYyshRKin nigsmaKmÉeTot² edIm,IBRgIk\T§iBlrbs;smaKm
dUcCapþl;»kasTIpSar[eTAsmaCik .
- enATINaEdlmanGuInfWENt ksagbNþajTMnak;TMng edIm,IsMrbsMrYlkarBiPakSarbs;smaCik
GMBIbBaðanana EdlTak;TinnwgplRbeyaCn_smaCiknigsmaKm .
31
smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgLayGacmaneKalneya)ay edayeyagtamtMNak;kalxus²Kña énkar

cUlrYmrbs;smaCik ³ smaCikbc©bú ,nñ smaCikGnaKt smaCikskm~ smaCikminskm~ . smaKmKYrtamdan
smaCikEdlminskm~ ehIyriHrkmUlehtuepSg² EdlnaM[smaCikTaMgenaHxVHkarcUlrYm . karN_enHnwg
CYyelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgrbs;smaKmEfmeTot GMBIsmaCikTaMgLayenAeBlGnaKt .
smaCikKN³km~karRbtibtþi nwgmankarTTYlxusRtUvx<s;CagsmaCikFm~ta ehIyKb,ITTYl
)ankarKaMRT tamry³karR)aRs½yTak;Tg nigkarTMnukbRmugepSg²eTot. eTaHCay:agenHkþI smaCikKYr
emIleXIj faBYkeKCaGñksegátelIkatBVkic©rYmrbs;smaCikTaMgGs; nigmantmøaPaBkñúgkareRbIGMNac
rbs;xøÜn .
6>3> RsþIkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm
RsþInigbursCashRKin CYnkalRbQmmuxnwgbBaðaxusEbøkKña dUecñHsmaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvpþl;esva
km~Cak;lak;mYycMnYn . vamanerOgr:avmYycMnYnsMrab;BicarNa enAeBlmankarsRmbsRmYleTAelIkar
cUlrYmrbs;RsþIenAkñúgGgÁPaB ³
- enAkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~PaKeRcIn EdlmansmaCikPaBCab;lab;enaH RsþIkRmnwgkan;kab;mux
tMENgsMxan;² dUcCaRbFan b¤GnuRbFanenHNas; . vaCaktþasMxan;kúñgkarTTYlsÁal;faRsþI
nigburs nwgnaMmknUvtémø (Values) xusEbøkBIKañ kñgú karcUlrYmbegátI smaKm . dUecñHvaCakarsMxan;
EdlRsþIRtUvkan;kab;muxtMENgsMxan;²enaH .
- RsþIGacBi)akkñúgkarbeBa©jeyabl;TaMgLay enAcMeBaHmuxshesvikCaburs. dUecñH KYrerobcM
RkumBiPakSaedayELksRmab;RsþInigsRmab;burs naM[karbeB©ajKMnitTaMgLayGacRbRBwtþ
eTAedayPaBeCOCak; RBmTaMgK~ankarrMxan . tMNagRkumnImYy² GaceLIgbgðajKMnitTaMgenH
dl;smaCikRkumFMedIm,IBiPakSa .
- KN³km~karrbs;RsþI KYrRtUvbegáIteLIgenAkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~ edIm,IBiPakSabBaðananarbs;RsþI;
CashRKinTaMgLay nigbegáItdMeNaHRsay EdlGacGnuvtþeTA)an dUcCakarEfTaMkumarCaedIm
32
- Rkumrbs;RsþIPaKxøHGacmansmaCikCabursBIrbInak; RtUv)ancat;taMgsRmab;eFVIkarCak;lak;
EdlkargarenaHRsþIminGaceFVI)an edaymUlehtuvb,Fm’ nigsasna dUcCakargarF¶n;²
eFVIedayéd b¤EsVgrkTIpSarsRmab;plitpl EdlRtUveFVIenAqayBIpÞH .
- enAeBlmanRsþIcUlrYmkñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmc smaKmGaCIvkm~KYrerobcMGgÁRbCMumYycMnYn
EdlKitKUrGMBIeBlevla nigTIkEnøg EdlgayRsYldl;karbMeBjkatBVkic©RKYsarrbs;BYkeK .
bursGaccUlrYm)anenAcugresol cMENkÉRsþIvijCajwkjab; ¬enAEtCakrNIenAkñúgRKYsar
PaKeRcInenARbeTskm<úCa ¦ kMBugEterobcMmðÚbGaharsMrab;RKYsar nigkargarpÞHenAeBlenaH.
- smaKmGaCIvkm~ Kb,Idak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgrebobvar³bBaðarbs;RsþI dUcCakarEfTaMkumar snþisux
sMrab;RsþICaGñklk;enAtamcieB©aImfñl; nigviFIrYmbBa©ÚlnUvkarGPivDÆn_shRKasrbs;RsþI
nigkatBVkic©RKYsarrbs;BYkKat;. bBaðaTaMgenHRtUvcat;TukfaCaerOgsMxan; nigminRtUvdak;eTA
kñgú rebobvar³enAxagcugenaHeT. evTikarBiess² nigsikaç salaepSg²eTotKYrEterobcMeLIg .
- edayehtufa RsþImanGRtaGnkçrPaBx<s;CagbursenAtMbn;CnbTxøH smaKmGaCIvkm~Kb,IeFVI[
BitR)akdfa karR)aRs½yTak;TgedaypÞal;mat; KWCameFüa)aysMxan;énkarBiPakSabBaðanana .
viFIhVwkhVWnTaMgLay nigskm~PaBRsedogKñamYycMnYn minKYrKb,IBwgEp¥kelIÉksarsresr
edayminsmrmüenaHeLIy . enAxN³enaHEdr karGb;rMGkçrkm~KYrKb,ICMrujtamry³km~viFI
TaMgenaH eTaHbIRtUveFVIedaysmaKmGaCIvkm~ b¤edaykartP¢ab;eTAnwgkm~viFIGkçrkm~rbs;
rdæaPi)al b¤rbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al . Cakarl¥ km~vFi eI nHKYrRtUveFVeI nATIsañ k;karrbs;smaKm
GaCIvkm~.
- kMeNInclnarbs;RsþIenAkñúgGaCIvkm~ bNþal[esdækic©mandMeNIrkareTAl¥ eRBaHfaenA
eBlbc©úb,nñenH RKYsarTaMgLayminGacBwgEp¥kEtelIGñkrkcMNUlciBa©wmRKYsarEtmñak;dUc
muneToteLIy . b:uEnþkarpøas;bþÚrenH Cajwkjab;bNþal[mankarlM)akCaeRcIndl;burs
EdlRtUvEtsRmbxøÜneTAnwgkaryl;dwgBItYnaTIburs EdlxusKñaRsLHBIyuKÁsm½y«Bukrbs;
BYkeK Etvak¾pþl;»kasl¥sRmab;burs² nigmanRbeyaCn_sRmab;smaKmGaCIvkm~ kñúgkar
sRmbsRmYl[RkumbursBiPakSaelIbBaðaenH .
33
krNIsikSa ³ RsþIkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~
smaKm]sSahkm~FuntUcnigmFümPñMeBjmansmaCik 102 nak; Edl 16 nak;CaRsþI .
smaCikRsþITaMgenHCYbRbTHnwgkarlM)akmYycMnYn edaysarPaBlMeGogBItYnaTIeynD½renAkñúg
RbeTskm<úCa. TImYy BYkeKmankarlM)akkñúgkarTMnak;TMngCamYysßab½ndéTeTot edaysarGñk
eFVIkarenATIenH PaKeRcInCaburs nigmankarriHKn;BIGñkdéT . TIBIrGaCIvkrCaburs rYmTaMgGñkenAkñúg
smaKmCamYyKña emIlRsaleTAelIsmtßPaBrbs;BYkKat; . eRkABIenH BYkeKmankareKobsgát;BI
sVamIrbs;BYkeK . ]TahrN_ BYkeKRtUvsYrsVamI enAeBleFVIkarRtUveFVIkarsMerccitþGMBIerOgGVImYy
EdlbursxøÜnÉgminEdlsaksYrPriyaxøÜnÉgeT .
34
mU:DulTI 7 ³ PaBCaGñkdwknaM
7>1> sar³sMxan;énPaBCaGñkdwknaMl¥
kardwknaMRtUv)aneK[niymn½yfa CadMeNIrkareRbI\Ti§BleTAelImnusS edIm,ICYyeGaykarxitxM
rbs;BYkeK QaneTAsMerceKaledACak;lak; .
kardwknaMnigkarRKb;RKg KWCakargarBIrepSgKña ³
- dwknaM KWCakarenABImuxedIm,IbgðajpøÚv dUcenHGñkdwknaMKWGñkENnaM b¤tRmg;TissMrab;Rkum
- karRKb;RKgKWCakarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkic©karnanarbs;GgÁkar dUcenHGñkRKb;RKgKWCaGñkRtYt
Binitükic©karenAkñúgGgÁkar .
smaKmGaCIvkm~xHø manTaMgGñkdwknaM ¬CaRbFan ¦nigGñkRKb;RKg ¬GKÁelxaFikar¦EdlmantYnaTI
epSg²Kña . EtenAkñúgsmaKmxøHeTot kic©karTaMgBIrenHRtUv)aneKdak;bBa©ÚlKña . enHmann½yfa
GñkdwknaMRtUvEtmanCMnajRKb;RKg[)anrwgmaMEdr .
PaBeCaKC½yrbs;GgÁPaB shKmn_ nigGgÁPaBGaCIB KWBwgEp¥kelIGñkdwknaM . GñkdwknaM
EdlmanTMnak;TMngl¥ niges~aHRtg; eFVIeGaysmaCikmankarTukcitþKñaenAkñúgsmaKmrbs;BYkeK .
etIGñkdwknaMl¥ mancritlkçN³dUcemþcxøH? GñkdwknaMl¥KYr ³
- dwgerOglMGitBIGgÁPaB edayrab;TaMgesckþIRtUvkar nigeyabl;TaMgLayrbs;smaCik
- yl;BIbriyakasneya)ay sgÁm nigc,ab; Edlb:HBal;dl;smaCik
- EsVgrknigTTYl)ankarKaMRTBIxageRkA EdlGgÁPaBRtUvkar
- CaGñkenAmuxmYyCMhanénRBwtþikarN_TaMgLay edaymanEpnkarl¥ b:uEnþeFVIskm~PaBPøam²enA
eBlmanPaBbnÞan; .
- ksagkarÉkPaBCaFøúgmYyenAkñúgGgÁPaB edaybgðajbBa¢ak;BITsSn³vis½yc,as;las;
énGnaKtrbs;xøÜn
- CaGñkmansmtßPaBedaHRsaybBaðanana nigeFVIkarseRmc
- eFVIkarTak;Tg)anl¥ ehIyelIkTwkcitþsmaCik nigbuKÁlik
- TTYlykkarTieTon nigeronsURtBIsmaCik
- CaGñkEdlsmaCikgayRsYleFVIkarTak;TgCamYy
35
karRKb;RKgrab;bBa©ÚlmuxgardUcxageRkam ³
- kareFVIesckþIseRmc ³ kareRCIserIsskm~PaBmYyBIcMeNamCMerIsCaeRcIn .
- kaeerobcM ³ karerobcMrcnasm½<n§ nigkarEbgEckkargar .
- kareFVIEpnkar ³ karrMBwgTuksRmab;eBlGnaKt nigkarKitGMBIlT§PaBepSg²eTot .
- karRtYtBinitü ³ karvas;EvgkargareFobnwgktþabgðajCak;EsþgTaMgLay .
- karR)aRs½yTak;Tg ³ karbBa¢ÚnKMnit B½t’man nigkarENnaMedaymanRbsiT§PaB .
- kartRmg;TisedA karENnaM nigRtYtBinitüGñkeRkambgÁab; edIm,Ieq<aHeTArkeKaledArYm .
7>2> EbbbTepSg²enAkñúgkardwknaM
eTaHbICaGñkdwknaMmñak;²manEbbbTepSg²Kña eyIgGacbgðajPaBxusEbøkKñarvagEbbbTdwknaMBIr
y:agKW ³ EbbbTdwknaMeTAtamfananuRkm nigEbbbTdwknaMedayykcitþTukdak;sMxan;eTAelImnusS .
sgát;F¶n;eTAelIkareFVI[sMerceKaledA - edayminxVay
EbbbTdwknaMeTAtamfananuRkm xVl;GMBIGVIepSg . GñkdwknaMmanTMenarkñúgkareFVIesckþI
eTAtamfananuRkm nigeFVIkartamEbbBIelIcuHeRkam .
EbbbTdwknaMedayykcitþTuk ykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkarelIkTwkcitþmnusS kargarCa
dak;sMxan;eTAelImnusS Rkum nigeFVIesckþIsMercdaymankarcUlrYmBIRkum
CaTUeTA EbbbTdwknaMedayykcitþTukdak;sMxan;eTAelImnusS manGtßRbeyaCn_CaeRcIn . vaCYy
eFVI[smaCikrbs;smaKmmanGarm~N_fa smaKmCarbs;eK nigmankMlaMgcitþkñúgkarcUlrYmnUvGVI
EdleKGaceFVI)an . GñkdwknaMEdleRbIR)as;EbbbTdwknaMeTAtamfananuRkm EtgEtbegáItbriyakas
mYy EdleFVI[mnusSeFVIkareTAtamkarbBa¢a CaCagkarKitKUrcMeBaHxøÜnÉg .
GñkdwknaMEdll¥ manPaBbt;Ebn nigecHeRbIEbbbTdwknaMmyY Na EdlsmRsbeTAtamsßanPaB .
]TahrN_ dUcCaenAkñúgsßanPaBbnÞan; eKRtUvpøas;bþÚrBIEbbbTdwknaMedayykcitþTukdak;sMxan;
eTAelImnusS mkeRbIR)as;EbbbTdwknaMeTAtamfananuRkmvij .
36
7>3> bBaðaCak;lak;énPaBCaGñkdwknaM
bTBiesaFn_rbs;smaKmGaCIBenAkñúgbNþaRbeTsmYycMnYn bgðajfa³
- GñkdwknaMTaMgLayNa EdlCitditeBkCamYyrdæaPi)al minGacrkSasV½yPaBrbs;smaKm)aneT
enAeBldUcKñaenHEdr vaCakarsMxan;kñúgkareRCIserIsGñkdwknaMmñak; EdlGacTTYlykBIGñkBak;B½n§
sMxan;² edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgbuKÁlikrdæaPi)alpgenaH. kareRCIserIsGñkdwknaMmñak; EdlCabuKÁlik
rdæaPi)alGacbegáIt[manTMnas;plRbeyaCn_ ehIysmaKmRbEhlCaGackøayCaGgÁPaB
rNb[rdæ EdlRtUvRbKl;PaBes~aHRtg;[rdæaPi)al . kñúgkrNIEdlRtUvkarCMnajrbs;BYkeK
vamanPaBRbesIrCagkñúgkar[BYkeK eFVVITIRbwkSaeGayKN³km~kar ¬b¤manmuxtMENglMdab;TIBIr
beNþaHGasnñ[GgÁPaBenH ¦ .
- GñkdwknaMxøH)ankøayCaGñkmanGMNacxøaMg ehIybnÞab;mkGgÁPaBenHRtUvBwgEp¥kelIKat; . karN_
enHtRmUv[mankarEckrMElkkarTTYlxusRtUv nigelIkTwkcitþGñkEdlmanskþanuBlPaBCa
GñkdwknaM .
- GgÁPaBxøHEdlmansmaCikPaBPaKeRcInCaRsþI manbursCaGñkdwknaM . GgÁPaBenaHKYrelIkTwkcitþ
TaMgRsþInigburs eq<aHeTArkkarTTYlxusRtUvelIPaBCaGñkdwknaM RbsinebIcaM)ac;KYrsRmYleBl
evlaGgÁRbCMuTaMgLay edIm,ItRmUvtamesckþIRtUvkarnanarbs;RsþI .
- mnusSEdlman\T§Bil dUcCaGñkdwknaMtamRbéBNIenAtammUldæan mincaM)ac;køayCaGñkdwknaM
smaKmeLIy . BYkeKGacedIrtYnaTIxagkarKaMRTsIlFm’ nigesckþIéføfñÚr nigRtUvesñI[cUlrYm
enAeBlNa EdlmankrNIvibtþi b¤CaEpñkmYyénkareFVIesckIþseRmcCapøÚvkard¾sMxan;mYy .
smaKmGaCIvkm~mYyKYrmanRkumGñkdwknaM EdlRtUv)ancat;taMgeLIg nigmankarTTYlxusRtUv
edayELk²BIKña edayEp¥kelIsmtßPaBnigplRbeyaCn_bMeBj[KñaeTAvijeTAmk . enARbeTskm<úCa
GñkEdl)anTTYlkareKarBenAkñuúgshKmn_ ehIymankarebþCJacMeBaHsmaKm Cajwkjab;RtUveRCIstaMg
CaGñkdwknaM. CaerOy² mnusSRbePTenHRtUv)aneRCIserIsBIcMeNamGñkdwknaMshRKin rdækarsIuvil
EdlcUlnivtþn_ b¤GñkCMnajkarEdlmanbTBiesaFn_ .
37
mU:DulTI 8 ³ karR)aRs½yTak;Tg
8>1> karR)aRs½yTak;TgEdlmanRbsiT§PaB
karR)aRs½yTak;TgKWCakarEsVgyl;. karR)aRs½yTak;TgenAkñúgGgÁkar nigkarTMnak;TMngCamYy
édKUxageRkA EdlmanRbsiT§PaB KWCaktþad¾caM)ac;sMrab;PaBeCaKC½yenAkñúgsmaKm. karR)aRs½y
Tak;Tg manBIrRbePT ³
karTMnak;TnM gépÞkgúñ ³ karTMnak;TnM genAkñgú smaKm . RKb;EpñkénsmaKmGaCIvkm~³ GñkRKb;RKgbuKlÁ ki
nigsmaCikRtUvkarEckrMElknUvkaryl;dwgrYmKñaGMBIeKaledA EdlsmaKmn_kMBuge)aHCMhaneTA nigGVI
EdlRtUvGnuvtþedIm,IsMerceKaledAenaH .
TMnak;TnM gxageRkA³ kareFVTI nM ak;TnM genAeRkAsmaKm . smaKmRtUvkarpSBVpSayBITsSn³ nigesvakm~
rbs;BYkeKenAkñúgsgÁm nigshKmn_ . sMxan;CagenHeTAeTot eKRtUvpSBVpSayGMBIcMNab;Garm~N_rYm
nig tMrUvkarrbs;smaCik eTAdl;GñkBak;Bn½§sMxan;² .
karR)aRs½yTak;TgmanFatu 2 sMxan; ³ karbBa¢Ún nigkarTTYl . vaCadMeNIrkarEdlmanTisedA 2
sMrab;[GñkbBa¢nÚ nigGñkTTYlsareFVkI arCamYyKña . karR)aRs½yTak;Tgl¥ekItmaneLIg KWenAeBlEdl
GñkTTYlyl;)annUvxøwmsarTaMgRsug .
GñkbBa¢Ún sar GñkTTYl
GñkbBa¢ÚnsarRtUv ³
- KitGMBIGVI EdleKcg;eFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
- bBa¢ÚnxøwmsareTAtamviFINaEdlc,as; gayyl;
- RtYtBinitüemIlfaetIGñkTTYlsar)anyl;c,as;ehIyb¤enA
- kuMeFVIkarsnñidæan
38
GñkTTYlsarRtUv ³
- ykcitþTukdak;
- kuMRbjab;eFVIkarsnñídæan
- sYrsMnYr edIm,IbBa¢ak;eTAelIxøwmsar
- RtYtBinitüemIlfaetIeK)anyl;sar)anTaMgRsugehIyb¤enA
GñkTTYlsarviPaKsar edayEp¥kelITsSn³nigbTBiesaFn_CIvitrbs;xøÜn EdlxusEbøkBITsSn³ nig
bTBiesaFn_rbs;GñkbBa¢Únsar dUecñHGñkTaMgBIrenHRtUvEtepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkaryl;dwgrYm.
kalNaGñkTTYlsar)anyl;dwgGMBIGtßn½yrbs;sar)ankan;Etc,as; enaHTMnas;nigkaryl;RcLMman
kan;Ettic ehIyeKalbMNgénkarR)aRs½yTak;Tgk¾)ansMerc .
kareRbIR)as;EbbTxusEbøkKñasMrab;eFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
eTaHbICasmaCikTaMgGs;manvb,Fm’dUcKñak¾eday BYkeKGacmanviFIxusEbøkKñakñúgkarTMnak;
TMng . erOgenHkan;EtBiess edaysarsmaKmmansmaCikCaRsþI nigburs . mnusSxøHmankarx~as;
eGon nigsuPaBTn;Pøn; ehIyGñkxøHeTotniyaykat;eK nigniyayxøaMg² .
enAeBlEdlsmaCikeRbIR)as;EbbbTR)aRs½yTak;TgxusEbøkKñadUcenH CaerOy²BYkeKmankar
yl;RcLMBIKña . GVIEdlmnusSmñak;RKan;EtelIkCasMeNI Etvahak;dUcCakarbBa¢asMrab;mnusSmñak;
eTot . GñkxøHyl;fakars¶at;es¶omrbs;smaCikmñak; KWCakaryl;Rsb EttamkarBitGñkEdl
s¶at;es¶om kMBugEtxwgsm,ar nigminÉkPaB .
EbbbTxusEbøkKñaTaMgenH GaceFVI[mankic©RbCuMK~anlkçN³RbCaFibetyü . smaCikxøHEdl
niyaykat;eK nigniyaycM² b¤mYyKit)anelOn RKbsgát;eTAelIsmaCikdéTeTot Edlman
karRbugRbytñ½kñúgkarniyay . CalT§pl GñkEdlman\T§iBl GacTTYlplRbeyaCn_eRcInbMput
GMBIkarsMercrbs;smaKm .
GñkdwknaMKYrbBa¢ak;R)ab;smaCikTaMgGs; GMBIsarHsMxan;énkarpþl;»kas[)anes~I²Kña nig
RbkbedayyutþiFm’ eTA[smaCikTaMgGs;enAkñúgGgÁRbCuM . elIsBIenHeTAeTot eCaKC½yrbs;
smaKmTamTar[mankarebþCJacitþx<s;BIRKb;smaCikTaMgGs; minEmnEtBIGñkEdlniyayeRcInb:u
eNÑaHeT. dUcenHkargarrbs;GñksMrbsMrYlkic©RbCuM KWeRbobdUcCaGñkGaCJakNþalenAkñúgkILa)al;
Tat; KWeFVI[R)akdfakILaRbRBwtþeTAedayyutþiFm’ . ebIsinCakILaenHminyutþiFm’eT enaHsma
CiknwgEsVgrkGaCJakNþalEdll¥CagenH ¡
RbPB ³ GgÁkar FAO esovePAFnFansMrab;GnþrRkum ³ karENnaMsMrab;begáItsmaKmksikrtUc² nigbNþajkargar
39
8>2> ]bs½KÁkñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
eTaHbICamnusSPaKeRcIndwgfa eKRtUvkarkarR)aRs½yd¾l¥enAkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~ EtCaerOy²
vamin)anekIteLIgeT . enHedaysarfavamanGVImYyenA)aMgpøÚv EdleKcat;faCa : ]bs½KÁ : ehIyvaCa
GñkEdleFVImin[sarqøgkat;)an . GñkbBa¢ÚnsarGacKitfa eK)anbBa¢ÚnsarrYcehIy b:uEnþGñkTTYlsar
minTan;)anTTYlvaeT .
]bs½KÁ
sar
vamansarHsMxan;kñúgkaryl;dwgGMBI]bs½KÁ edIm,I[eK)ansÁal;enAeBlEdlvaekIteLIg ehIy

GacedaHRsay)anedayRbsiT§PaB . bBaðamYycMnYn EdleK)ankMNt;faCa]bs½KÁ enAkñúgkarR)aRs½y
Tak;Tg man ³
- Pasa rYmTaMgPasatamtMbn;EdlGñksþab;Gt;yl;
- fan³kñúgsgÁm
- lM)akcMeBaHTIkEnøg - sMelgG‘UGr
- eBlevlaminRKb;RKan;
- briyakasminl¥
- bBaðaeynDr½
- vb,Fm’xusKña
- eKalbMNg nigkarrMBwgTukxusKña
- Pasakayvikar
- karrMxan
40
eRkAGMBIbBaðaxagelIenH enAmanbBaðaepSg²eTotTak;Tgnwgkarsþab; EdleFVI[eyIgTTYlsarmin

)anc,as;³
mþgsþab;mþgQb; ³ mnusSPaKeRcInKitelOnCagkarniyay 4 dg . enHmann½yfa Gñksþab;enA
sl;eBl ¾kñúgmYynaTI ¬CaeBlTMenr¦sMrab;karsþab; 1naTI . CYnkalGñksþab;Elgsþab;kñúgeBl ¾
enH ehIyEbrCaKiterOgepSgeTAvij ehIyxkxanmin)ansegátemIlB½t’mantamry³kayvikar nig
BaküsMdI . Gñksþab;GacbeBa©osbBaðaenH)an edayykcitTþ ku dak;eTAelIBaküeBCn_[)aneRcIn nigBinti ü
emI;leTAelIkayvikarPasadéTeTot ¬karsÞak;esÞIr nigkayvikarédeCIg¦ .
BaküeBCn_Edlb:HBal;dl;Garm~N_ ³ sMrab;GñkxøH BaküeBCn_mYycMnYnGaceFVI[manRbtikm~pøÚvcitþ .
enA eBlsþab;B¤BaküTaMgenaH ¬dUcCa kuMm~úynIsþ GMeBIBukrlYy RsI¦ BYkeK)ak;Twkcitþ ehIyQb;sþab; .
eyIgElgmankarTak;TgCamYyGñkbBa¢nÚ sar ehIybraC½ykñgú karEsVgyl; . CMhandMbgU edIm,IykQñH
elIbBaðaenH KWeyIgRtUvdwgfa BaküNaxøHEdlb:HBal;Garm~N_rbs;eyIgCabuKÁl ehIyBüayambnþsþab;
edayebIkcitþ [TUlay enAeBlEdlBaküTaMgenaHRtUv)aneKeRbI .
qab;;eFVIkarsnñidæan ³ CYnkal eyIgeFVIkarsMercPøam²fa RbFanbTEdleKkMBugniyay manlkçN³KYr[
FujRTan; minBak;Bn½§ b¤kK¾ a~ nn½ysMrab;eyIg ehIyk¾Qb;saþ b;eTA . CaerOy² eyIgeFVkI arsnñdi aæ nGMBGI IV
EdlGñkniyaynwgelIkeLIg ehIyetIkarbBa©bm; anlkçN³y:agdUcemþc ehIyk¾seM rcfamin)ac;saþ b;dl;cgu
bBa©b;eT BIeRBaHeyIgnwgmin)andwgGVIf~IeLIy . vaCakarRbesIrCagebIsinCaeyIgebIkcitþ[TUlay
sþab;edIm,IsikSaemIlfaetIvaCakarBit b¤Gt; .
eFVBI tu Casþab; ³ CYlkaleyIgemIleTAhak;bICaeyIgkMBugsþab; EttamkarBiteyIgmin)ansþab;eT . pÞúy
eTAvij eyIgkMBugEtRsémGMBIGVImYy . eTaHbICaeyIgxMsMlwgemIleTAGñkniyay EtTwkmuxrbs;eyIg
kMBugEtRsémGMBIerOgepSg GñkniyayGacdwgfaeyIgGt;sþab;eT . ebIsinCaeyIgdwgfaeyIgkMBugyl;
subinþTaMgeBléf¶ b¤mYyk¾GñkCaGñkbBa¢Únsar ehIyemIleXIjfaGñksþab;kMBugEteFVIButCasþab;
KYrEteFVIsMNUmBr[mankarsMrak b¤ pøas;bþÚrbriyakas .
Bi)akeBk minGaccab;)an ³ CYnkal eyIgsMerccitþfaRbFanbTBi)akeBksMrab;eyIg ehIyQb;sþab;
eTA . enAeBlEdleyIgsþab;erOgGVmI yY Edls~Rú Ks~aj eyIgRtUvEtxitxMtamdan nigEsVgyl;GBM GI EIV dl
eKkMBgu niyay . ebIeyIgBi)akyl; GñkepSg²eTotk¾RbEhlCaGBa©gw Edr . ebIeyIgenAkñgú RkumNamYy
eyIgGacCYyGñkepSg nigxøÜnGñk)an edayesñIsuM[mankarbBa¢ak;[)anc,as; edayman]TahrN_
CamYypg .
xJmúM ni eCO ³ mnusSmincg;[eKbdiesFnUvGVI EdlCakareBjcitþ TsSn³ nigPaBlMeGogrbs;xnÜø eT . dUcenH
enAeBlEdlGñkniyayelIkeLIgBIGVIEdlRbqaMgnwgKMnit b¤CMenOrbs;eyIg eyIgGacQb;sþab;eday
41
mindwgxøÜn b¤mYymanGarm~N_faeKbeBa¢aH[xøÜn ehIyeFVIEpnkarRbqaMgtbt . CMhanTI 1 edIm,ITb;sáat;

bBaðaEbbenHKWRtUvyl;dwgBIPaBlMeGog nigTsSn³rbs;xøÜn ehIydak;vaTukenAmYyduM eTIbeyIgGac
ebIkcitþ[TUlaykñúgkarsþab; . eBlenaHeyIgGacyl;dwgxøwmsar)anl¥RbesIr ehIyeqøIytby:agman
RbsiT§PaB .
8>3> viFIeFVI[karR)aRs½yTak;Tgkan;EtRbesIreLIg
CMnYyxøH²sRmab;eFIV[meFüa)ayTMnak;TMngenAkñúgsmaKmkan;EtRbesIr ³
- EbgEckRBwtþb½RtEdlmanB½t’mansMxan;² eTA[smaCikedaypÞal;
- begáItRbBn½§mYysMrab;smaCikkñúgkarbeBa©jeyabl; b¤karkgVl;epSg² edIm,IeFVI[Rbtibtþikar
GaCIvkm~rbs;smaKmkan;EtmanPaBRbesIreLIg
- EckrMElkB½t’man CaBiessB½t’manGMBIhirBaØvtßú [)anTan;eBleTA[smaCikRKb;²Kña
- erobcMkic©RbCuMxøI²[)aneTogTat;
- enAkñúgkic©RbCuMTaMgenH RtUveFVI[R)akdfasmaCikmñak;²yl;BIkic©BiPakSa ÉkPaB nigcUlrYm
CMnYyxøH²sRmab;eFIV[karTMnak;TMngrvagsmaKm nigGñkxageRkAkan;EtRbesIr ³
- e)aHBum<esovePAtUc Edlniyayy:agsegçbGMBIsmaKm nigmanB½t’manGMBIRbeyaKebskkm~
eKalbMNg nig esvakm~rbs;smaKm
- eRbIR)as;RbBn½§pSBVpSaymYycMnYndUcCa kaEst viTüú nigTUrTsSn_
- e)aHBum<r)aykarN_hirBaØvtßúCUndl;GñkBak;Bn½§Edlcab;Garm~N_
- kþab;yk»kaskñúgkarksagTMnak;TMngCamYyGgÁkarepSg² enAeBleTAcUlrYmRbCuMsikçasala
nigkartaMgBiBN’nana
8>4> karerobcMGgÁRbCMu
karRbCMu KWenAeBlNaEdlmnusSBIr b¤eRcInKñamkCYbCMuKña edIm,Ipþl; nigTTYlB½t’man EckrMElk
KMnitBiPakSaBIbBaðananaEdlb:HBal;dl;eK b¤edIm,IeFVIkarseRmccitþnana . GgÁRbCMuKWCaEpñkd¾sMxan;mYy
énkarcUlrYmrbs;smaCik nigCaBiess sRmab;karGnuvtþn_lT§iRbCaFibetyü . eKeRbIR)as;eBlevla
CaeRcInenAkñúgCIvitsmaKmGaCIvkm~. dUecñHCakarsMxan; KWRtUveRbIeBlevlaGgÁRbCMuenH[manRbeyaCn_
bMput .
smaCikTaMgLaycg;)ankarRbCMumYy EdlmaneKalbMNgc,as;las; niglT§plkñúgkarseRmc
citþc,as;las; .
42
CMhankñúgkarcat;EcgGgÁRbCMu
CMhanTI 1 ³ karerobcMGgÁRbCMu
skm~PaBmYycMnYnEdlRtUverobcMmunkic©RbCuMman ³
- seRmcGMBeI KalbMNgénkicR© bCMu . etIkarRbCMeu nHerobcMedIm,Iplþ B; t½ m’ andl;smaCikb¤ ? b¤CakarRbmUl
B½t’man ? CakarBiPakSabBaðaBiessNamYy ? edIm,IseRmcfa etIRtUvGnuvtþskm~PaBy:agNa ?
- begáIteKalbMNg EdlmanlkçN³ Specific Cak;lak;
Measurable Gacvas;Evg)an
Attainable Edl)anseRmc)an
Realisable manPaBR)akdniym
Time Limited kMNt;eBlevlac,as;las;
- eRCIserIsmnusS[RtUvsRmab;cUlrYmRbCMu ³ GñkEdlmancMENkkñúgkarBiPakSa nigGñkEdlGacTTYl
nigbBa¢ÚnB½t’man)aneTAkan;GñkdéT)an .
- etIeBlNasmrmübMputsRmab;RsþIk¾dUcCaburs ? etITIkEnøgNaEdlsmrmüsRmab;karRbCMu
manlT§PaBGaceFVIeTA)ans¶at; nigmansmÖar³CMnYyRKb;RKan; .
- seRmcfaGñkNanwgdwknaM b¤eFVICaRbFanGgÁRbCMu ehIyGñkNaCaGñksresrkMNt;ehtu .
- erobcMrebobvar³sRmab;karRbCMu ehIybBa©ÚlRbFanbTTaMgGs;sRmab;BiPakSa
- epJIrlixitGeBa¢Ij EdlmanbBa¢ak;c,as;las;BIeKalbMNgrbs;GgÁRbCMu RbFanbTEdlnwgRtUv
BiPakSa eBlevla nigTIkEnøgRbCMu viFIrkTIkEnøgRbCMu nigGVIEdleKRtUvykCab;mkCamYy .
CMhanTI 2 ³ karRbRBwtþieTAénGgÁRbCMu
- eRCIserIsGñksRmbsRmYl EdlmanTMnak;TMngl¥ nigGacsþab;Kña)an .
- erobcMbnÞb; ³ erobekAGICargVg;mUl edIm,IbgálkçN³gayRsYldl;karBiPakSaKñaedaycMh ehIy
GnuBaØat[GñkepSgeTotGacemIleXIjnrNamñak;kBM gu niyay edaymincaM)ac;gakemIlCMvu ji enaHeT .
- eFVI[R)akdRbCafaGñksRmbsRmYl nigGñkcUlrYmTaMgGs;)aneFVIkarENnaM[sÁal;Kña .
- ebIkkarBiPakSa nigpþl;nUvB½t’mansMxan;² edayc,as;las; .
- Bnül;BIrebobvar³ nigesñIsMukarÉkPaBeTAelIRbFanbT niglMdab;lMedayénkarBiPakSa .
- ebIcaM)ac; Ganr)aykarN_RbCMuelIkmun ehIyesñIsMukarÉkPaBelIrebobvar³rbs;GgÁRbCMuenaH .
- ENnaMkarBiPakSa nigeFVI[R)akdRbCafaRKb;²Kña GaccUlrYmehIyK~annrNamñak;dak;sm<aFelI
karBiPakSaenaHeLIy .
- FanafamankarÉkPaBKñaelIlT§plRbFanbTnImYy² . BüayamQan[dl;karseRmccitþeday
semøgÉkcä½nÞ b¤edaykare)aHeqñat . etIRtUvRbmUlB½t’manbEnßmedayrebobNa RbsinebIGñkcUlrYm
minmanB½t’manRKb;RKan;sRmab;QaneTArkkarseRmc)anl¥ .
43
CMhanTI 3 ³ karbBa©b;GgÁRbCMu
- BiinitükarseRmccitþsMxan;²eLIgvij RBmTaMgEpnkarskm~PaB
- cat;EcgmnusS[TTYlParkic© EdlnwgRtUvGnuvtþ ehIyerobcMeBlevla nigkMNt;eBlkargar
- esñIsMucemøIytbGMBIkarRbCMuenaH
- esñIsMukarÉkPaBGMBIkarRbCMueBleRkayeTot
CMhanTI 4 ³ r)aykarN_RbCMu
- rYmman ³ eQ~aHrbs;GgÁPaB Edl)anGeBa¢Ij[cUlrYmRbCMu eKalbMNg TIkEnøg éf¶ Ex qñaM nigem:ag
eBlRbCMu ehIynigbBa¢IeQ~aHGñkcUlrYm .
- erobrab;karseRmcciteþ pSg²Edl)aneFVI nigktþasMxan;² énakarBiPakSaEdlnaM[mankarseRmcenaH .
44
m:UDulTI 9 ³ karseRmccitþelIesvakm~nana rbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~
m:UDulTI 9 ³ karseRmccitþelIesvakmnana
rbs;smaKmGaCIvkm
9>1> esvakmTUeTAEdlsmaKmGaCIkmpþl;CUnsmaCikxøÜn
GñkdwknaMsmaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvEtEsVgyl;GMBItMrUvkaresvakm~nana EdlsmaCikxøÜnRtUvkar
edIm,IBRgIkGaCIvkm~rbs;BYkeK . smaKmEdlpþl;esvakm~eRcInRbePT nwgkøayCaGgÁPaBd¾s~úRKs~aj
mYy ehIysmaCikTaMgLaycaM)ac;RtUvyl;dwg nigKaMRTbuKÁliksmaKm edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkar
nana .
esvasMxan;²EdlsmaKmTMagLayCaFm~taseRmcpþl;CUnsmaCikxøÜn KW ³
1> esvanana EdlCYyGPivDÆn_GaCIvkm~rbs;smaCik
2> skm~PaBTaMgLay EdlelIkkm<s; nigkarBarplRbeyaCn_smaCik
3> sRmbsRmYleTAelIskm~PaBGaCIvkm~rbs;smaCik
4> esvanana EdleqøIytbesckþIRtUvkarsgÁmrbs;smaCik
1/ ]TahrN_BIesvakm~nanaEdlCYyGPivDÆGaCIvkm~rbs;smaCik
- RbmUl nigEckrMElkB½t’manTIpSar
- esvapþl;eyabl;nigkarGPivDÆn_GaCIvkm~
- karGb;rM nigkarbNþúHbNþal
- km~viFIsikSaTIpSarrYmKña ¬]TahrN_ BiBN’BaNiC¢km~¦
- TijsMPar³ b¤vtßúepSg²rYmKña
- lk;plitplrYmKña
- karRKb;RKgrYmKñaeTAelIeRKOg]bkrN_ b¤GaKarGaCIvkm~
- KaMRT[smaCikmanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;esvahirBaØvtßú
2/ ]TahrN_BIskm~PaBTaMgLayEdlelIkkm<s; nigkarBarplRbeyaCn_smaCik
- karbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigkarts‘Umti
- karBiPakSaCamYyPñak;garrdæaPi)aledIm,IkarBarplRbeyaCn_Rsbc,ab;nanarbs;shRKas
3> ]TahrN_BIkarsRmbsRmYleTAelIskm~PaBGaCIvkm~rbs;smaCik
- karkMNt;tMél
45
- karkMNt;sþg;darKuNPaB nigpøaksMKal;
- karBinitüemIlsmtßPaBplit
- karkMNt;sþg;darsuvtßiPaB
4/ ]TahrN_BI esvananaEdleqøIytbesckþIRtUvkarsgÁmrbs;smaCik
- skm~PaBsgÁm
- karFanar:ab;rgsgÁm ¬]/ Fanar:ab;rgsuxPaB¦
9>2> karseRmcelIesvakmnanarbs;smaKmGaCIvkm
smaKmGaCIvkm~mni GacsgÇwmfanwgedaHRsayral;bBaðaTaMgGs;rbs;smaCik)aneLIy . smtßPaB
RKb;RKgnighirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜnEtgmanRBMEdnkMNt; ehIyeKRtUvEsVgrkCeRmIsmYycMnYn edIm,IseRmc
eTAelIesvakm~GVIxøH EdlGacpþl;CUnsmaCik)an .
muneBlseRmc faetIesvakm~GVIxøHEdlRtUvpþl;CUnsmaCik smaKmKYrEt ³
Ep¥keTAelIcMelIyBIsMnYrxagelIenH smaKmGaCIvkm~GacsMerccitþ ³
- eFVIEpnkarlMGitsMrab;Gnuvtþ
- lHbg;ecalKMerag
- shkarCamYysmaKmédKUdéTeTot b¤k¾CamYyrdæaPi)al edIm,IGnuvtþskm~PaB
- crcarCamYyédKU edIm,ITuk[smaCiksmaKm)a:n;RbmaNesvakm~ nigskm~PaBrbs;eK
46
m:UDulTI 9 ³ karseRmccitþelIesvakm~nanarbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~
rUbmnþTUeTAmYyKWfa vamanPaBRbesIrCagkñúgkarepþatykcitþeTAelIskm~PaBEtmYy b¤ BIr bI

ehIypþl;plRbeyaCn_[smaCik)anBitR)akd CaCagkarpþl;esvaeRcIn b:uEnþmanKuNPaBGn; .
9>3> kRmiténkarGnuvtþn_
skm~PaBxøHGacerobcM)anl¥bMputenAtMbn;Citxag cMENkÉskm~PaBdéTeTotRtUverobcMenAkñúg
smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgmUl b¤k¾enAkRmitfñak;Cati RbesIrCag . vaGaRs½yeTAelI ³
- etIskm~PaBGVIxøH EdlcaM)ac;edIm,Ipþl;nUvGtßRbeyaCn_nana
- etIsmaCikxøÜneKpÞal;mankarCab;Tak;TinkRmitNaEdlcaM)ac; b¤b:unb:gpþl;esvakm~ ]TahrN_
karRKb;RKgeRKOg]bkrN_Edl)ancUlh‘unKña .
- TItaMgb¤k¾TMhMénédKUesdækic© ³ etImanGñkpÁt;pÁg;enAmUldæaneRcInKña b¤manEtRkumh‘unFMmYyeT
EdlnaMcUlplitplBIbreTs?
- etIRtUveFVkI arseRmcciteþ nAkRmitNa ³ fñak;Catibk¤ RmitmUldæan? ¬enHCakarsMxan;Bei sscMeBaH
skm~PaBbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigkarts‘Umti¦
- esah‘uyRbtibtþikarnigRtYtBinitü ³ etIkarR)aRs½yTak;TgEdlgayRsYl ehIymantémø
efakmanenAkRmitNa ? etIenAkRmitNa EdlvagaybMptu edIm,IRtYtBinti ü b¤RKb;RKgskm~PaB
TaMgenH ?
]TahrN_ ³
- ebIsinCaeFVIkarseRmcsþIBIkareRbIR)as;dIFøI RtUv)aneFVIedayrdæaPi)alkñúgkRmitmUldæan dUecñH
vaCakMritmYy EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~caM)ac;RtUverobcMkarbBa©úHbBa©Úl ]TahrN_karbegáIttMbn;
]sSahkm~ sRmab;shRKasFuntUc .
- ynþkarsamKÁIPaBenATINa EdlmanGñkKaMRTKñaeTAvijeTAmk kñúgkrNIEdlmanbBaðaekIteLIg
edayminGacKitTuk)andUcCa mrN³PaB GKÁIP½y .l. CakarRbesIrbMput RtUverobcMenAkñúg
kMritmUldæan EdlcMNayelIRbtibtþikar nigesah‘uyRtYtBinitü]b,tþiehtu mankRmitTab .
47
enATINaEdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~tUceBk b¤k¾BwgEp¥kelIsßanPaBmUldæaneBk eKGaccUlrYmCamYy

smaKmGaCIvkm~déTeTot ehIybegáItCaEpñkmYyedayELk b:uEnþrYmKñaenAkñúgGgÁPaBEtmYy man
RTg;Tay CashkrN_ edIm,IGnuvtþskm~PaB .
9>4> kareFVIkic©snüa[GñkxageRkA
Cajwkjab; smaKmGaCIvkm~EtgEtykcitþTukdak;pþl;esvakm~[)aneRcIn b:uEnþBMumanFnFan
fvika nigFnFanmnusScaM)ac; sMrab;Gnuvtþ)anenaHeT . CaerOy² GgÁkardéTeTot GacbMeBjkic©kar
dUcKñaenH)an ehIymanTMnak;TMngl¥CagenHEfmeTotpg . kñúgkrNIEbbenH KWvaCakarRbesIr
CagkñúgkareFVIkic©snüa[eTAGñkeRkA .
enAeBlEdlsmaKmmYycg;eFVkI ci ©snüa[GñkeRkA Gnuvtþskm~PaBb¤plþ e; svakm~ smaKmRtUvEt ³
- mandMeNIrkareRCIserIs[)anl¥sRmab;buKÁl b¤GgÁPaBnana Edlnwgpþl;[nUvesvakm~ . RtYt
BinitüemIlCeRmIsepSgKña saksYreyabl;BIGñkdéT ekaHGeBa¢Ij edIm,IeFVIkaredjéfø .
- BinitüKuNPaBesvakm~ Edl)anpþl;[edayPaKITIbI nigkRmiténkarTTYlykesvakm~
BIsmaCiksmaKmGaCIvkm~ .
- BinitüemIl[)anditdl;elIesah‘uyénesvakm~ Edl)anesñIeLIg . etIsmaCikGaccMNaykñúg
cMnYnenHEdreT? etIGaceFVIeTA)aneT ebIbEnßmnUvkRmitcMnYntUc edIm,ITuksRmab;TUTat;
eTAelIcMNayrdæ)alrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ ?
kics© nüarvagsmaKmGaCIvkm~ nigPaKITbI I KYrerobrab;[)anc,as;BkI atBVkci é© nPaKTaMgBIr ³ etIesva
km~RtUvpþl;CUnjwkjab;b:uNÑaEdr KuNPaBGb,brmarbs;va smtßPaBrbs;mnusS Edlnwgpþl;esvakm~
enaH témøEdlRtUvcMNayedaysmaCik ¬edaypÞal;bt¤ amry³smaKmGaCIvkm~¦ GMLgú eBlénkic©snüa
nig ynþkarénkarRtYtBinitü nigTMnak;TMng .
Gacmanesvakm~mYycMnYn EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~minpþl;edayxøÜnÉgpÞal; nigminmanbMNgeFVIkic©
snüa[eTAGñkeRkACapøvÚ kar eRBaHfacMnnY smaCiktictYceBkEdlRtUvkar ¬dUcCaRbePTB½tm’ anBitR)akd
bec©keTs b¤karpþl;esvakm~¦ . kñúgkrNIenH smaKmGacEsVgrkFnFanEdlRbesIrbMputenaH ehIy
bnÞab;mk ENnaMbgðajdl;smaCikTaMgGs; .
9>5> CMbUnñanGaCIvkm nigkarRbwkSaeyabl;
tRmUvkarjwkjab;rbs;shRKastUc² KWdMbUn~an nigkarENnaM TaMgEpñkbec©keTs nigkargar
rdæ)al. smaKmBaNiC¢km~GacbegáItRkumBieRKaHeyabl;tUcmYy edIm,Ipþl;dMbUn~andl;smaCikmñak;²
B½t’man nigedaHRsaybBaðaepSg² . Ep¥keTAelItMrUvkarrbs;smaCiknana EpñkRbwkSaeyabl;Gac
epþateTAelIesvamYy b¤ BIrdUcxageRkamen³ ³
48
karpþl;dMbUn~anEpñkc,ab; ³ shRKastUc² RtUvkarB½t’manEpñkc,ab;epSg²Kña ³ rebobcuHeQ~aHRkum

h‘un rebobbMeBjkatBVkic©CanieyaCk rebobTTYl)ankarGnuBaØatBIrdæaPi)almUldæan nigfñak;Cati
rebobsresrkic©snüa nigrebobedaHRsayTMnas;BaNiC¢km~rvagsmaCiknana nigPaKITIbI .
smaKmGaCIvkm~GacRbmUlB½t’mansMxan;²TaMgGs; ehIyhVwkhVWndl;smaCikbuKÁlikNamñak;
rbs;xøÜn edIm,IbBa¢ÚnbnþeTAsmaCikdéT²eTot b¤k¾GacerobcMCaFnFanEpñkc,ab; dUcCaGñkCMnaj
karelIvis½yNamYyénc,ab;.
dMbUn~anEpñkhirBaØvtßúnigrdæ)al ³ shRKastUc² Cajwkjab;RtUvkardMbUna~neTAelIerOgr:avCaeRcIn
dUcCakarcuHbBa¢I Bn§dar nigkargarhirBaØvtßú . Gñkpþl;dMbUn~ansmaKmtUc² RtUv)aneKCYl
edIm,Ipþl;esvaTaMgenH nigCYyerobcMÉksarx©IR)ak; .
dMbUn~anEpñkbec©keTs ³ smaKmGaCIvkm~GacRbmUlpþúMsmaCik[eFVIkarCamYyKña eTAelIvis½y
]sSahkm~NamYy EdlGackøayeTACaRbPBFnFanbec©keTs sMrab;plþ k; arKaMRTeTA[smaCik.
esvaTaMgenHGacmanB½t’man nigdMbUn~aneTAelIEpñkbec©keTsTan;sm½ykal sþg;darKuNPaB
nigc,ab;EdlBak;B½n§nwgbrisßan .
emeronEdlTTYl)anTak;Tgnwgkarpþl;eyabl; nigRbwkSaeyabl;rYmman ³
- FanafabuKÁlikmanCMnaj nigmanÉkeTsBiess RBmTaMgmanbTBiesaFn_RKb;RKan; .
- eCosvagesvakm~NamYy sRmab;tRmUvkarRKb;RCugeRCayTaMgGs; . eFVI[R)akdRbCafa
esvakm~TaMgenaHRtUveTAtamtMrUvkarrbs;buKÁl nigmanPaBTak;TgKña .
- pþl;esvaRbkbedayviC¢aCIv³ . karEdlsmaCikmanTwkcitþbg;fvikacMNay GacbBa¢ak;faesva
eqøIytbeTAnwgtMrUvkarrbs;BYkeK .
- cMNayRtUvmanRbsiTP§ aB tamry³karerobcMskm~PaBCaRkumCaCagkarpþle; yabl;dl;mañ k;² .
- eFVITMnak;TMngCamYyGgÁPaBepSg²eTotEdlpþl;esvakm~Rsedog²Kña .
edIm,I[esvakm~mannirnþPaBry³eBlyUrGEgVg smaCikTaMgLay EdlcMeNjBIesvakm~TaMgenH

KYrrYmcMENkpþlk; ar]btßmCÖ ahirBaØvtßú . éføQlÜñ GacRtUv)anTUTat;BeI svakm~nmI yY ² b¤GacTUTat;BsI maCik
49
TaMgGs; EdlmanlT§PaBTTYlesvakm~TaMgenaH sRmab;ry³eBlminkMNt; b¤kMNt;NamYy .

9>6> karelIkkMBs;EpñkBaNiC¢km nigGPivDÆTIpSar
Cajwkjab; GaCIvkrmñak;²K~aneBlnigmeFüa)aysMrab;eFVIkarsikSaGMBITIpSar[)aneTogTat;
enaHeT . vamankarlM)aksMrab;BYkeKkñúgkarEsVgrkviFINamYy EdleKmanlT§PaBbg;)an sMrab;
pSBVpSayplitpl nigesvanana . manviFIeRcIny:agNas; EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~GacCYysmaCikxøÜn
kñúgkarTTYl)anB½t’manTIpSar nigGPivDÆyuT§nakarTIpSarrYmKña .
karsikSaGMBITIpSar nigB½t’man ³ smaKmGaCIvkm~GacRbmUlB½t’manGMBIskþanuBlGtifiCn
nigGñkpÁt;pÁg; TaMgenAkñúg nigeRkARbeTs . enHGacman esovePATUrs½BÞ esovePAGgÁkarGaCIBFM² nig
karsikSaGMBIEpñkCak;;lak;NamYy .
karelIkkMBs;karnaMecjsMrab;smaCik ³ smaKmGaCIvkm~GacKaMRTsmaCikxøÜn[cUlrUYmkñúgdMeNIrkar
sikSaNamYy edIm,IEsVgrkTIpSarGnþrCati b¤mYycUlrYmBiBN’GnþrCati . eKGacerobcMkic©RbCuM
CamYyKN³RbtiPUbreTs EdlmkeFVITsSn³kic©enARbeTskm<úCa edIm,IRbmUlB½t’manGMBItMrYvkarnana
nigkarniymcUlcitþrbs;TIpSarGnþrCati ehIyerobcMyuT§nakarTIpSarenAbreTssMrab;smaCikxøÜn .
BiBN’BaNiCk¢ m~ ³ karcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢km~ GacCameFüa)ayd¾sMxan;mYy sMrab;pSBVpSay
plitplrbs;GaCIvkrtUctac . ebIsinCaBiBN’TaMgLayRtUv)anerobcMedayraCrdæaPi)al b¤ eday
GgÁkarNaFMmYy smaKmGaCIvkm~GacerobcMkEnøgNamYyrYmKña EdlsmaCikGacdak;plitpl
BYkeK)an . karcMNaysMrab;karcUlrYmrebobenH GacEckrMElkkñúgcMeNamshRKinTaMgLay .
smaKmGaCIvkm~GacerobcMBiBN’rbs;xÜøn edIm,IpSBVpSayplitplrbs;smaCik . karsikSaTIpSar
tamry³GInu FWNtI ³ smaKmGaCIvkm~GacCYysmaCikxønÜ kñgú karbegátI eKhTMBr½ mYy sMrab;eFVkI arpSBVpSay
plitpl nigesvarbs;smaCik .
krNIski Sa ³ eKhTMB½rsþIGMBIsNæaKar nigpÞHsMNak;enAesomrab

edaymankarKaMRTBIEpñkGPivDÆvisy½ ÉkCnenAtamtMbn;TenøemKgÁ (MPDF) smaKmpÞHsMNak;
nigsNæaKarenAextþesomrabGgÁr (SRAHGA))anbegáIteKhTMB½rmYy sMrab;TMnak;TMngrvag
GñkeTscr eTAnwgeKhTMB½rrbs;smaCikmñak;² . eKhTMB½renHbgðajrUbftsNæaKar nigpÞHsMNak;
B½t’manGMBItMél nigEpnTI TItaMg . sMrab;sNæaKartUc² EdlminmanRbBn½§eKhTMB½rsMrab;kk;bnÞb;eT
smaKm SRAHGA eFVIkargarenH[BYkeK nigeFVIkarbBa¢ak;tamry³GIuEml 24 em:ag . eKhTMB½r
rbs; SRAHGA k¾pþl;B½t’manTUeTAGMBITIRkugesomrabGgÁr nigRbeTskm<úCaTaMgmUl . edImI,eFVI[
R)akdfaGñkeTscrdwgGMBIeKhTMB½renH SRAHGA)aneFVIkarpSBVpSayy:agTUlMTUlay enAkñúg
esovePAENnaMGMBIeTscrN_ nigTsSnavdþInana .
50
9>7> karhVwkhVWn
karhVwkhVWnGacman\T§iBledaypÞal; eTAelIeCaKC½yGaCIvkm~rbs;smaCik . km~viFIhVwkhVWn
CMnaj KYreqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtUvkarrbs;shRKasnImYy² dUcCarebobRKb;RKgGaCIvkm~ rebobrk
TIpSarTMnij nigrebobeRbIR)as;bec©kviTüaplitkm~f~I² .
smaKmGaCIvkm~GacerobcMsmaCik[cUlrYmvKÁbNþúHbNþal EdlerobcMcat;EcgedayGgÁPaB
CMnajxagkarhVwkhVWn . b:uEnþvak¾GacCakarl¥Edr RbsinebIGacerobcMedayxøÜnÉg)anenaH. enHGac
CakarcMNaymYyd¾manRbsiT§PaB ehIyGacsRmbeTAtamtRmUvkarnanarbs;smaCik nigGac
ksagkitþis½BÞ smaKmGaCIvkm~EdlCYysmaCikTaMgLayedaypÞal;EfmeTotpg. enAkñúgsikçasala
smaCikman»kas)anCYbKña nigEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_ .
krNIski Sa ³ sar³sMxan;énkarbNþúHbNþal
shB½n§RsþIlk;dUr manTItaMgenAxageRkaypSarc,arGMeBA sgáat;pSarGMeBABIr x½NÐmanC½y
raCFanIPñMeBj )anerobcMcgRkgCaRkum nigCashKmn_eTAtamTIpSarcMnYn 6 . smaCikmYycMnYn
)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþalGMBI : karcab;epþImGaCIvkm~rbs;Gñk : nig : eynD½rnigPaBCashRKin
rYmKñaeq<aHeTAmuxsMrab;RsþI enAkñúgshRKas : . smaCik)aneFVIkarEckrMElkcMeNHdwg nigbT-
BiesaFn_eTAsmaCikepSg²enAkñúgshB½n§ tamry³karRbCMu karENnaMBImñak;eTAmñak; nigkareFVI
bgðajCaedIm. CalT§pl BYkeKecHeFVIkarpSBVpSayplitpl kt;RtafvikacMNUlcMNay nig
karKNnatMéledIm nigtMéllk;ecj nigkarRKb;RKgGaCIvkm~ CaTUeTA .
CMhannanasMrab;erobcMvKÁhVwkhVWn ³
k> karkMNt;tRmUvkarhVwkhVwn
muneBlerobcMvKÁhVwkhVWnelIRbFanbTNamYy vaKWCakarsMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkMNt;fa etIsmaCik
smaKmBitCaRtUvkarbNþúHbNþalmuxviC¢aenH b¤k¾mincaM)ac;eT . B½t’manTaMgenHmansarHsMxan;Nas;
edIm,IFanaPaBeCaKC½y nigRbsiT§PaBénmuxviC¢ahVwkhVWn . karsÞabsÞg;eTAelItRmUvkarhVwkhVwn
GacRtUv)aneFVIeLIg cMeBaHsmaCikedayELk²BIKña b¤k¾enAkñúgGMLúgeBlvKÁhVwkhVWnBImun² . kargar
enHGacRtUv)aneFVIeLIgtamry³sMNYrsmÖasn_ EdlEckCUndl;GñkcUlrYmTaMgLay b¤tamry³
meFüa)ayepSg²eTot dUcCatamry³GgÁRbCMusmaCik b¤tamkarcuHeTAkEnøgmUldæanplitkm~rbs;
smaCikpÞal; .
x> etIvKÁhVwkhVWnmaneKalbMNgGVIxøH ?
edIm,IkMNt;eKalbMNgvKÁhVwkhVWn GñkerobcMKYrsaksYrsMNYrbI dUcxageRkam ³
- etIsmaKmcg;TTYl)anGVIxøHtamry³karerobcMvKÁhVwkhVWnenH ?
- etItRmUvkar nigbBaðaGVIxøH EdlvKÁhVwkhVWnenHmanbMNgnwgeqøIytb ?
- etIRsþI nigbursmanbBaða nig tMrUvkardUcKñaEdrb¤eT ?
51
K> etIGñkNaKYrTTYlkarhVwkhVWnenH ?
CadMbUgRtUvbegáItnUvlkçN³vinicä½ysRmab;eRCIserIsGñkcUlrYm ³
- etIGñkNaxøHnwgGacTTYlplRbeyaCn_)aneRcInBIvKÁhVwkhVWnenH ?
- etIGñkNanwgGaceRbIR)as;CMnajBIvKÁbNþúHbNþal enAkñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg?
- etIGñkNaxøHnwgGacpþl;karhVwkhVWnenHbnþdl;GñkdéTeTot ¬\T§iBleTVdg¦ ?
- etIRsþI nigbursTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_es~IKñaEdrb¤eT ?
vKÁbNþúHbNþalxøHeFVIeLIgsMedAeTAelIshRKinNa EdlmanbTBiesaFn_ . vKÁxøHeToteFVIeLIg
sRmab;cMNUlf~I . vKÁxøHeToterobcMeLIgsRmab;smaCikPaKeRcIn kñúgxN³EdlvKÁepSgeTotRtUvepþat
EteTAelIbBaðaGaCIvkm~Cak;lak;mYycMnYnEtb:ueNÑaH. vKÁbNþúHbNþalPaKxøH nwgsRmab;EtGñkEdlman
karTTYlxusRtUvCak;lak; enAkñúgsmaKmGaCIvkm~ dUcCaRbFansmaKm b¤fñak;dwknaMsaxaenAmUldæan .
cMeBaHGñkEdlsßitenAkñúgmuxtMENgepÞrCMnajdl;smaCikdéTeTot GacTTYlkarhVwkhVWnsþIBI
vKÁbNþúHbNþalRKUbegÁal (Training of Trainer) . bEnßmBIelImuxviC¢aÉkeTsxagGaCIvkm~ vKÁbNþúH-
bNþalenH GaclatRtdagBIbec©keTsnanasRmab;karGb;rmM nusScas; . dUecñaHBYkeKGacbnþepÞrcMeNHdwg
rbs;BYkeK kñúgviFId¾manRbsiT§PaBbMput)an .
X> etIeBlNaCaeBlEdlsmrmübMput sRmab;erobcMvKÁbNþúHbNþal
edIm,IkMNt;eBlevla Edls½kþismbMputsRmab;karerobcMbNþúHbNþalenH eyIgKYrEtsYrsMNYrsM
xan;² mYycMnYndUcxageRkamenH ³
- etIenAkñúgGMLúgeBlNa EdlsmaCikGacmanevlaeRcIn edIm,IcUlrYm)an ?
- etIem:agNaEdsmrmübMput sRmab;GñkcUlrYm CaBiesssRmab;smaCikCaRsþI ?
- etIvKÁbNþúHbNþalRtUveFVIeLIgb:un~anem:agkñúgmYyéf¶ ?
- etIvKÁenHRtUerobcMeLIgb:un~anéf¶?
- etIKYrRtUveFVIeLIgenAeRkA b¤kñúgem:ageFVIkar ?
g> etIkarbNþúHbNþalRtUveRbIR)as;viFIsaRsþGVI ?
karhVkw hVnw mnusSeBjv½y ¬b¤mnusScas;¦ TamTar[manlkçN³Cak;Esþg nigmansar³RbeyaCn_ .
GñkcUlrYmCamnusScas; eronsURty:agpuspulBIKñaeTAvijeTAmk .
- esñI[smaCikkMNt;BIbBaðaBiessNamYy EdlBYkeKcg;edaHRsay GMLúgeBlvKÁhVwkhVWn
- RBmeRBogKñaGMBvI ni y½ kñgú cMeNamGñkcUlrYm sRmab;kareronsURtd¾manRbsiTP§ aBkñgú GMLgú eBl
vKÁhkwV hVnW ³ rYmmanPaBeTogTat;tameBlevla vtþman minbgákarrMxan nigkarcUlrYmeBjelj .
- pþl;eBl[)anRKb;RKan;dl;GñkcUlrYm edIm,Ierobrab;BIsßanPaBpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK
- erobcM[manTsSnkic©enAmUldæanCak;Esþg b¤eFVITsSnkic©sikSa
52
- pþl;cMeNHdwgbnþ RbEhlCaenAtammUldæanrbs;GñkcUlrYmNamñak;
- dak;bBa©ÚlnUvbTBiesaFn_ nig]TahrN_TaMgLaytamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an ehIyviFIEdll¥
bMputenaHKWRtUveRbIR)as;bTBiesaFn_pÞal;rbs;GñkcUlrYmmkeFVIkarBiPakSa .
- eRbIR)as;CnM yY Edlman ³ rUbPaB rUbftbBa©agM düaRkam KMnrU m:asunI bBa©agM (overhead projector)
vIedGU . CMnYyenHGacCYy[karhVwkhVwn RbRBwtþieTAmanlkçN³rs;revIk CYy[sikçakamyl;
kan;Etc,as;eLIgenAelIRbFanbTmYycMnYn RBmTaMgCYy[BYkeKgayRsYlcgcaMRbFanbT
TaMgenaH)anl¥Cag . eTaHbICay:agenHk¾eday vaCakarsMxan;Nas;EdleyIgminRtUvbegáInéfø
cMNay nigkarrMBgw TukfaedaykareRbIR)as;bec©kviTüaTMenIb² enAeBlmeFüa)aysmBaØCagenH
GaceRbIeTA)an dUcCaRkdaspÞaMgFM²CaedIm .
c> etInrNanwgeFVIkarhVwkhVWn ?
- RKUhVwkhVWnGacCabuKÁliksmaKmGaCIvkm~ b¤smaCiksmaKmGaCIvkm~ EdlmanbTBiesaFn_ .
- RKUbgðat;GacCaGaCIvkrEdl)anTTYleCaKC½y CabuKlÁ ki rbs;smaKmepSteTot CamRnþrI dæaPi)al
b¤CaGñkÉkeTsCnCatibreTs .
- kñúgkrNICaeRcIn smaKmGaCIvkm~GacCYlRKUbgðat;ÉkraCümñak; b¤BIrnak; EdlmanTMnak;TMng
l¥CamYynwgsmaCiksmaKm nigRsbeTAtameKaledArbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ .
- kñúgkrNIepSgeTot RbEhlCaRbesIrCagenH KYrTak;Tgsßab½nhVwkhVWnNamYy[erobcM
karhVkw hVnW CMnsY mux[smaKmGaCIvkm~ . vaCakarsMxan;Nas; EdlfaGñkRKb;RKg nigbuKlÁ ki
sßab½nhVwkhVWnenaH yl;BIbBaðaCak;lak;rbs;shRKasTaMgLay . enAkñúgCMerIsenH
karhVwkhVWnmanTMnak;TMngtictYceTAnwgsmaKmGaCIvkm~ dUecñHGñkdwknaMsmaKmGaCIvkm~
TaMgLay Kb,IRtYtBinitü[)aneTogTat;eTAelIkm~viFIhVwkhVWn EdlkMBugerobcMCMnYsmux[
BYkeK edIm,IeFV[I R)akdRbCafaKuNPaBénkarhVkw hVnW nwgeqøyI tbeTAnwgtRmUvkarrbs;smaCik .
eBlevlanigfvikaCaeRcIn GacRtUv)ancMNayx¢Hx¢ayeTAelIkarhVwkhVWn EdlenAcugbBa©b;
sikaç kam min)anTTYlCMnajsMrab;beM Bjkargarrbs;BkY eKeLIy . kñgú qñafM ²I~ enH eK)anyl;dgw BIsBaØaN
CaeRcInGMBIRbsiT§PaBsRmab;bNþúHbNþal mandUcCa ³
53
- karbNþúHbNþalRtUverobcMeLIg edayEp¥keTAelItMrUvkarCak;lak;rbs;RkumeKaledA
- Ep¥kelI :kareronbeNþIr GnuvtþbeNþIr : [kan;EteRcIntamEdlGaceFVI)an kñúgsßanPaBCIvit
Bit²énshRKasFuntUc .
- emeronTaMgGs;KYrmankarcUlrYmy:agskm~
- GñkbNþúHbNþalKYreFVI[xøwmsarvKÁbNþúHbNþalTan;sm½ykal RBmTaMgBRgwgCMnajbNþúH-
bNþal tamry³kareronsURtbEnßm vKÁrMlwkeLIgvij
- RtYtBinitü nigvaytémø\Ti§BlénkarbNþúHbNþal
- smaKmKYreFVIkartamdan nigCYysmaCikkñúgkareRbIR)as;CMnajf~I²
- smaKmKYrykéføBIkarbNþúHbNþal edIm,IeFVI[R)akdfamankarebþCJacitþkñúgkarcUlrYm nig
PaBrs;ranelIEpñkhirBaØvtßú sMrab;km~viFI.
9>8> esvasgÁm
esvasgÁm EdlsmaKmGacpþl;[smaCik rYmman ³
- skm~PaBsgÁm ³ RBwtþkarN_epSg²EdlTak;Tgnwgvb,Fm’ b¤sgÁm pþl»; kas[smaCik)an
CYyEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_ nigbegáItTMnak;TMngGaCIvkm~ .
- esvaFanar:ab;rgsuxPaB ³ smaKmGaCIvkm~xøH RbmUlfvikamYycMnYny:ageTogTat;BIsmaCik
edIm,IbegátI mUlniFFi anar:ab;rgsuxPaB . kñgú krNIEdlsmaCik b¤RkumRKYsarrbs;eKmanCMgW eK
nwgTTYl)anR)ak;kMérsMrab;EfTaMsuxPaB edayGaRs½yeTAelIeKalkarN_epSg² Edl)anÉk
PaBKña . mkTl;ngw bc©bú ,nñenH K~ansmaKmGaCIvkm~NamYyenARbeTskm<Cú a pþle; svaRbePTenH
eTA[smaCikxøÜneT .
54
m:UDulTI 10³ karpþl;esvaBaNiC¢km~
m:UDulTI 10³ karpþl;esvaBaNiC¢km
10>1> karelIkkMBs;PaBRbkYtRbECg
CamYynwgsklPavUbnIykm~énesdækic©rbs;bNþaRbeTsPaKeRcIn shRKintUc²RbQmmuxnwg
karRbkYtRbECgy:agtwgEtgBIplitplCaeRcInEdlRtUv)aneKnaMclU . karkat;bnßybg;Bn§elITnM ji naMclU
nigPaBgayRsYlnUvTRmg;EbbbTBn§Ky eFVI[manPaBgayRsYldl;karnaMcUl TaMgvtßúFatuedIm nig
plitpleRbIR)as; . plitplnaMecjTaMgLay RtUvEtGnuelameTAtammaRtadæan EdlTamTaredayTIpSar
breTs . vamankartwgrwgu elIkarevcx©b; plitplmanlkçN³dUcKña nigeBlputkMNt;énkardwkCBa¢nÚ .
vatMrUv[mankarykcitþTukdak;y:agxøaMg kñúgkareFVI[smtßPaBRbkYtRbECgrbs;shRKas
FunmIRkU nigshRKasFuntUc manlkçN³kan;EtRbesIreLIgenAkm<úCa. bec©keTsviTüaEdlkan;Et
RbesIreLIg RBmTaMgKMnitécñRbDit manPaBcaM)ac;sMrab;FanaKuNPaB nigkarplit. c,ab;rbs;raCrdæa-
Pi)al EdlmantmøaPaBnigsamBaØ manPaBcaM)ac;srM ab;shRKinkm<Cú a edIm,I[BYkeKkan;EtmanlT§PaB
kñgú karRbkYtRbECg . CaerOy² shRKintUc²Etmñak;ÉgminGacTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_B»I kasTIpSar
EdlRtUvkarbrimaNplitplcMnYneRcIn maRtdæanEtmYy nigkarpÁt;pÁg;eTogTat;)aneT. BYkeKman
karlM)akkñúgkar eFVI[seRmc)annUvPaBsnSMsMécesdækic©kñúgkarTijvtßúFatuedIm nigxVHxatsmtßPaB
edIm,IENnaMGMBIkarrIkcMerInKMnitécñRbDitf~I² .
10>2> skmPaBBaNiC¢kmrYmKña
mansmaKmGaCIvkm~CaeRcIn )anbegátI Ca : GgÁPaBGnþrkarI : sMrab;Tji vtßFú atuedImsRmab;smaCik
b¤lk;plitpl[smaCik . enHKWedaysarEtBYkeKRtUvkarTijkñgú brimaNeRcIn minEmntictYc . smaKm
GacTTYlplcMeNjy:ageRcIn EdlPaKxøHnwgRtUvbgVilCUneTAsmaCikxøÜnvij cMENkPaKxøHélTuk
sRmab;TUTat; éføcMNayeTAelIskm~PaBGgÁPaB .
55
karTij lk;plitplrYmKñaenH Gac[smaCikbg;éføcMNayeTAelIkareFVIdMeNIrrYmKña . vak¾Gac

CYykñúgkarcrcartémøCamYyGtifiCnkñúgnigeRkARsuk EdleFVI[tMélplitplrbs;eK mankMritx<s;
CaCagkarlk;CabuKÁl . karTij lk;duM ¬cMnYneRcIn¦ GacCaviFImYysMrab;begáItfvikacMnUl nigR)ak;
cMeNjsMrab;smaKm nigsmaCikxøÜn b:uEnþvaTamTar[mankarshkarKñaenAxagkñúgsmaKm karerobcM
nigTukcitþKña .
CMhannanasMrab;karlk; nigTijrYmKña ³
- RbmUlB½t’manGMBIsmtßPaBplitkm~rbs;smaCiksRmab;kargarTIpSar
- viPaKkarbBa¢aTij BIskþanuBlGtifiCn
- kMNt;cMNucBiessrbs;plitplEdlRtUvlk; . suM[GtifiCnerobrab;BIcMNucsMxan;²enAkñúg
karbBa¢aTij
- erobcMkic©RbCuMCamYyGñkplitTaMgLay edIm,IBiPakSaGMBIl½kçx½NÐTaMgLay EdlRtUvcrcarCa
mYyGñkTij ³ tMél KuNPaB ry³eBlbBa¢ÚnTMnij niglk½çxN½Ðbg;éføTMnij .
- eFVI[R)akdRbCafaGñkRKb;²Kña)anyl;RBmeTAelIcMNucénkarcrcar ³ témøGb,brima nigGti-
brma eBlputkMNt; EdlTaMgGs;KñaeBjcitþ .
- eRCIserIsGñkNamñak;sRmab;dwknaMkarcrcarenH .
- begáItkic©RBmeRBogCadMbUgCalayl½kçGkSrmYy CamYysmaCiknanaEdlBak;B½n§. kic©RBm
eRBogenHbBa¢ak;BIkatBVkic© nigsiT§irbs;BYkeK . eFVI[R)akdRbCafasmaCikmñak;²yl;BIkar
ebþC£acitþrbs;BYkeK .
- cab;epþImeFVIkarcrcarCamYynigédKUBaNiC¢km~epSg² ehIy[smaCikTaMgGs;dwgBIlT§plén
karcrcarTaMgenaH .
- begáItkic©snüalk;mYyCamYyGñkTij .
- begáItkic©RBmeRBogCamYysmaCiiknimYy² bBa¢ak;BIkatBVkic© nigsiT§irbs;BYkeK .
- RtYtBinitüplitkm~rbs;smaCikepSg²Kña kñúgkrNIEdlmankarlk;rYmKña .
CMhannanasMrab;karTijrYmKña ³
- )a:n;RbmaNtMrUvkarTijrbs;smaCikTaMgGs;sMrab;mYyrdUv
- kMNt;rkGñkpÁt;pÁg;NaEdlGacTukcitþ)an niglk;efakCageK
- erobcMkarbBa¢aTijduM ¬cMnYneRcIn ¦ nigcrcartMélsMrab;karlk;duM
- RbmUlR)ak;TijBIsmaCiksMrab;kk;
- erobcMkardwkCBa¢Ún
- bg;fvika
- dwkCBa¢ÚnvtßúeTAsmaKm
- erobcMÉksarKNenyü nigbg;éfø
- EbgEckTMnijeTA[smaCik
56
enAkñúgkrNITij niglk;rYmKñaenH smaKmRtUvKitéføBIsmaCik edIm,IykmkTUTat;éføesvaenH .
krNIski Sa³ ]TahrN_GMBIkareFVIGaCIvkm~rYmKña

smaKmsib,krkm<Cú a KWCaGgÁkarmYyEdlEp¥kelIsmaCikPaB Edl)anekIteLIgBIqañ M 2000 .
smaKmenHelIkkMBs;»kaskargarsMrab;shKmn_km<Cú a rYmmanCnBikar nigRsþgI ayrgeRKaHtamry³
karplit niglk;plitplsib,km~xñattUc nigmFüm . kñúgqñaM2006 smaKmenHmansmaCik
32nak; EdlCaGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigCabuKÁl enATUTaMgRbeTs .
smaKmenHCYysmaCikkñgú karrkTIpSarTaMgenAkñgú nigeRkARbeTs . enAbc©bú ,nñenH TIpSarGnþrCati
rYmman ³ Gaemrik Gwrb:u ¬)araMg GItu alI nigGalømw g: ¦ GasIu ¬GURsþalI saMgkarBYr Cb:nu nigm:aeLsI¦u .
kalBIBak;kNþalqñaM2005 smaKm)anCYylk;plitplrbs;smaCikeTARbeTsTaMgenH)an
450>000 duløarGaemrik .
enAeBlmankarbBa¢aTijFM²BIeRkARbeTs smaKmerobcMeFVIkugRtabnþeTA[smaCikxøÜn .
smaKmCaGñkeFVI[R)akdfa plitplTaMgGs;RtUveTAtamkarTamTarrbs;GtifiCn TaMgKuNPaB
nigtMél .
10>3> TMnak;TMngGaCIvkm
smaKmGaCIvkm~GacCYysmaCikxøÜn kñúgkarbegáItTMnak;TMngGaCIvkm~ . RbePTTMnak;TMngGaCIv
km~ EdlmanlkçN³TUeTAman ³
kareFVIkic©snüabnþeTAPaKImYyeTot nigkarerobcM[manPaKIxageRkAcUlrYm
kic©karTaMgenHmansarHsMxan;y:agxøaMgkñúgb:un~anqñaMf~I²enH . kargarenHCajwkjab;Tak;TgeTAnwg
plitkrFM² Edl)aneFVIkic©snüabnþeTA[GñkpÁt;pÁg;tUcCagxøÜnedIm,ITTYleFVI b:uEnþBak;B½n§pgEdrCamYy
kic©snüaTaMgLayrvagshRKastUc² .
karepÞrsiT§ilk;dUr
viFIenHmanRbCaRbiyPaBenAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆCaeRcIn . karepÞrsiT§ilk;dUr GacerobcM
edayshRKasmYy ¬Gñkpþl;siT§i[lk;dUrpþac;mux¦ edIm,I[shRKinmYyeTot plitniglk;TMnij b¤pþl;
esvakm~tammaRtdæan nignItiviFInana Edl)ankMNt;edayGñkpþl;siT§i[lk;dUrdac;mux . CaerOy²
Gñkpþl;siT§i[lk;dUrdac;mux pþl;karhVwkhVWncaM)ac;tammaRtdæanplitkm~ nigsþg;darbec©kviTüaTIpSar .
cegÁamGaCIvkm~ nigbNþajplitkm~rYmKña
cMNcu TaMgGs;enHGaceFV[I shRKas EdlmanlkçN³xusEbøkKñaBIeBlmunmkrYmKña)an. : cegáam :
KWCakarpÁMúKñaénshRKasTaMgLay EdlcUlrYmkñúgskm~PaBRsedogKña b¤k¾kñúgskm~PaBbMeBj[Kña
eTAvijeTAmk EdlbegáIt)ankic©shRbtibtþikarrvagRkumh‘un b¤kareFVIkic©snüabnþ . karN_enHpþl;
57
lT§pl CakarsnSMsMécEpñkesdækic© nigkRmitTMhMRbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgRkumh‘unRTg;RTayFM²

TaMgLay .
- cegáamTIkEnøg (Location Clusters ) EckrMElkTIkEnøgEdlenACit²Kña eTAnwgTIkEnøgpÁt;pÁt;
vtßúFatuedImrbs;BYkeK TIkEnøgplitkm~b¤GtifiCn . tamry³bNþajenH shRKasFuntUc
TaMgLayGaccMeNj)anB½t’manGMBIbec©kviTüaf~I²elITIpSar nigman»kassRmab;eFVIkic©snüa
bnþ[PaKImYyeTot .
- cegáamTIpSar (Market Clusters) EckrMElkB½t’manGMBITIpSar nigEsVgrkkarbBa¢aTijrYmKña
- cegáamBlkm~ (Labour Clusters) GnuBaØat[Rkumh‘un eFVIÉkeTskm~enAkñúgRbtibtþikarbMeBj
[KñaeTAvijeTAmkxus² KñaEdltRmUv[manCMnajBlkm~xusKña.
- cegáamKMnitécñRbDit (Innovative Clusters) GnuBaØat[mankareronsURtrYmKñapøas;bþÚrKMnit nig
cMeNHdwgCamYyKña edIm,IelIkkMBs;KuNPaBplitpl nigkan;kab;cMENkTIpSar EdlGacTTYl
)anR)ak;kéRmEfmeTot .
cMeBaHral;vis½yTaMgGs;enH smaKmGaCIvkm~GacedIrtYnaTICaGñksRmbsRmYl . smaKmGac
naMmknUvédKUskþanuBlTaMgLayrYmKña edIm,IEsVgyl;RbsinebIrebobshRbtibtþki arenH GacpþlR; beyaCn_
eTAvijeTAmk . smaKmCajwkjymanbTBiesaFn_kñúgkarksag nigrkSa[mannirnþrPaBénbNþaj
TaMgenH . kareCOTukcitþKñaKWCaktþasMxan; EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~GacksageLIg edaykarCYybegáIt[
manRkbx½NÐ FanakarGnuvtþn_Rsbc,ab;mYy sRmab;kic©snüananarvagédKUTaMgGs;.
rdæaPi)almUldæanedIrtYnaTId¾sMxan;pgEdr kñúgkarelIksÞÜycegáamTaMgLayenH edayepþateTAtam
bNþMúPUmisaRsþrbs;shRKasTaMgLaykñúgtMbn;]sSahkm~ edaycab;epþImbegáIt[manmCÄmNÐlnana
sRmab;karEkécñ nigelIkkMBs;[mankareFVIkic©snüabnþeTAPaKImYyeTot . BYkeKGacCYysRmYl edIm,I
TTYl)anbTbBa¢aBIrdæaPi)al nigmaK’a\NTansRmab;shRKasTaMgLay EdlcUlrYmenAkñúgkar
erobcMrYmKña CamYynwgcegáamenH .
krNIsikSa³ ]TahrN_GMBIbNþajGaCIvkm~
smaKmGñkplitnigGñkEckcaycRgáanRbNit ¬s/p/c/k¦ mansmaCik16nak; EdlCam©as;
sib,km~ nig20nak;CaGñkEckcayenAkñgú extþnana . cRgáanLÚvf~I GacsnSMGsu nigFüÚgrbs;Gkñ eRbIR)as;
)andl;eTA 30 PaKry nigpþlp; lRbeyaCn_kgúñ karkarBarbrisaß n . smaKmeFVkI arsikSaRsavRCav
nigGPivDÆn_bec©keTs edIm,I[cRgáankan;EtmanRbsiTPiæ aB . kñgú xN³enHEdr smaKmerobcMCabNþaj
kargarsMrab;shkarrvagGñkplit nigGñkEckcay edIm,I pSBVpSayplitplrbs;BkY eK . smaKm
)anbegátI : nimti sþ BaØa : rYmmYysMrab;bTi elIplitplcRgáanLÚvf~I edIm,Ibgðaj nigFanaKuNPaB
plitplrbs;BkY eK . erogral;Ex smaKmplit)ancRgáanRbNit)anRbmaN BI 5000 eTA 6000
cRgáan nigmanGñklk; enATUTaMgRbeTsekInBICag2000 eTA3000 nak;.
58
10>4> karRKb;RKgrYmKñaelIGclnRTBü nigeRKOg]bkrN_

enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn kareqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarTIpSard¾s~úKs~aj CaBiessenAkRmitKuNPaBx<s;
bMptu TamTar[maneRKOg]bkrN_ EdléføhsY sRmab;shRKasnImyY ²GacTij)an . smaKmGaCIvkm~
GacTijeRKOg]bkrN_TaMgenH ehIyCYleTA[smaCikrbs;xøÜnnUvtémøQñÜlNamYyedayKitCaem:ag
KitCaéfø b¤KiteTAtamcMnYnplitpl Edlplit)ankñúgmYyÉkta . smaKmGaCIvkm~CaGñkcMNayelI
esah‘uyfamBl karCYsCul nigkarEfTaM .
smaKmGaCIvkm~mYycMnYn GacedaHRsay)annUvbBaðakarRtYtBinitü eTAelIkareRbIR)as;eRKOg]b
krN_rYmKña eday ³
- CYleRKOg]bkrN_RbcaMExeTA[shRKinÉkCnNamñak; EdlCaGñkRKb;RKgeRKOg]bkrN_
enaH edaykarTTYlxusRtUvpÞal;xøÜn bnÞab;BIkarbg;R)ak;éføQñÜl¦ .
- eFVIkic©RBmeRBogCamYyshRKinÉkCnNamñak; EdltMNag[smaCikTaMgLay edIm,I)anCYl
eRKOg]bkrN_ enHedayl½kçx½NÐGnueRKaH.
smaKmGaCIvkm~xøH pþl;lT§PaB[smaCikkñúgkareRbIR)as;GclnRTBü b¤TuksMPar³epSg² .

kareRbIR)as;GclnRTBürYmKñaGacman ³ bnÞb;dak;bgðajplitpl kEnøglk;rYmKña b¤kariyal½y
EdlsmaCikGaceRbIR)as;kuMBüÚT½r b¤]bkrN_sMrab;eFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg EdlsmaCikminmanlT§PaB
TijedayxøÜnÉg .
59
mU:DulTI 11³ karpþl;esvats‘Umti
muxgareFVICatMNagnigkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCiksmaKm KWCaFm~tacat;EcgedayPñak;gar
b¤RkumTaMgLay EdlGMNac\T§iBlrbs;BYkGñkTaMgenH GacbNþal[manplGaRkk; b¤CYyGPivDÆ
shRKasFuntUc nigFunmFümTaMgLay)an . Pñak;garTaMgenHFm~taCaédeCIg nigRsTab;rbs;raCrdæa-
Pi)al b:uEnþeKGacrab;bBa©ÚlsmaKmnana RkumshKmn_TaMgLay bNþaPñak;garGnþrCati nigenAkñúg
kal³eTs³xøH GacCaRkumGñkRbkYtRbECgpgEdr .
smaKmnwgGnuvtþmuxnaTITaMgenHCaeKalkarN_tamry³ ³
- karbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigkarts‘UmtienAelIbBaðaCak;lak; nig
- eFVIkarsnÞna nigBieRKaHeyabl;enAelIbBaðaTUeTA.
11>1> karbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigkarts‘Umti ³ karerobcMyuT§nakar
karbBa©úHbBa©Úl KWCakarBüayameRbI\T§iBleTAelIGñkerobcMeKalneya)ay sMrab;eKalbMNgCak;
lak;NamYy . CMhannanasMrab;erobcMkarbBa©úHbBa©Úlman ³
CMhanTI 1 ³ kMNt;bBaða
muneBlkarcab;epþImskm~PaBbBa©úHbBa©ÚlNamYy smaKmGaCIvkm~KYrKb,IkMNt;eKalbMNgén
skm~PaBts‘UmtienaH[)anc,as;las;Camunsin . ]TahrN_ ³
- kareFVI[nItiviFInana énkarcuHbBa¢IsRmab;shRKasFuntUcTaMgLay manPaBsamBaØ
- karkat;bnßyBn§GakrpÞal;eTAelIkareRbIR)as;TIpSar
- karkarBarTIkEnøglk;dUrrbs;shRKasFuntUcnigmIRkU manPaBRbesIrCageBlbc©úb,nñ
- viFankarc,as;las; edIm,ICYy[RsþIlk;dUrtampSar GacRbkbkic©karGaCIvkm~rbs;eK
CMhanTI 2 ³ kMNt;rkGñkBak;B½n§sMxan;²
smaKmcaM)ac;RtUveFVIkarRsavRCavrk[eXIjfa etIGgÁPaBb¤Pñak;garrdæaPi)alNamYy CaGñkman
\T§iBldl;kareFVIesckþIseRmc RBmTaMgRtUvEsVgrk[eXIjBI ³
- eKalbMNg nigeKalneya)aynanarbs;GgÁPaBTaMgenH ehIyEsVgrkRbsinebImanrebob
var³lak;bM)aMgNamYy
- GñkEdlman\T§iBlxøaMgenAkñúgkic©karenH ]TahrN_ RbFannaykdæanrdæaPi)al EdlBak;B½n§
naykRkumh‘un ¬RbFansmaKm¦
60
- kmøaMgepSg²eTotEdlGacman\T§iBlRbqaMgtbt . etIKURbkYtRbECgrbs;GñkniyayeTAkan;
nrNaxøH ?
CMhanTI 3 ³ sikSaBIRbFanbT
- sikSasIuCeRmAeTAelIeKalCMhrepSg² nigcMNucTaMgLaysRmab;karBiPakSa
- RbmUlB½t’manenAelIsßankarN_Rbhak;RbEhlKña nigbTbBa¢aTaMgLayrbs;RbeTsdéTeTot
nig\T§iBlEdlsßankarN_TaMgenaHmanmkelImIRkUshRKas nigsmaKmrbs;BYkeKTaMgLay
CMhanTI 4 ³ begáItyuT§saRsþbBa©úHbBa©Úl
- etIsar nigB½t’manGVIxøHEdlsmaKmRtUvbBa©úHbBa©ÚlGñkdéTeTot ? etImanKMnitRbqaMgtbt nig
CMTas;GVIxøH ?
- etImanGgÁPaBepSgNaeTot EdlmancMNab;Garm~N_Rbhak;RbEhlKña GacRtUvGeBa¢Ij[cUl
rYmkñúgkarbBa©úHbBa©ÚlenHEdrb¤eT ?
- etIRtUvbegáItTMnak;TMngedaypÞal;GVIxøH CamYyGñkeFVIesckþIseRmcTMagLay TaMgeRkApøÚvkar k¾
dUcCakñúgpøÚvkar ?
- etIRtUvdak;sm<aFeTAelIGñkeFVIesckþIseRmcTMagLay edayviFINaEdlRbesIrbMput? tam
ry³yuT§nakarsaFarN³ karcgsm½<n§PaBKña tamry³GtßbTnanakñúgsarB½t’mankñugRsuk tam
ry³karcrcarTaMgLay b¤karrYmbBa©ÚlnUvmeFüa)ayTaMgLayenH ?
- begáItEpnkarskm~PaB[)anc,as;las;mYy EdlbBa¢ak;bgðajBICMhanxus²Kña FnFanEdl
RtUvkar edIm,IdMeNIrkarskm~PaBTaMgLaydUc Edl)anelIkeLIg RBmTaMgkarTTYlxusRtUv
epSg²rbs;Gñk EdlBak;B½n§TaMgGs; .
CMhanTI 5 ³ GnuvtþyuT§saRsþbBa©úHbBa©Úl
- enAGMLúgeBlénkarGnuvtþ B½t’mannigKMnitf~I²BIrebobTb;Tl;bBaðaenaHGacekItmaneLIg
- vaytémøelIRbsiT§PaBénskm~PaBxus²Kña ehIyRtUveRtomlkçN³edIm,IKiteLIgvij RBmTaMg
EklMGyuT§saRsþbBa©úHbBa©ÚlRsbeTAtamKMnitf~I² nigB½t’manf~I²TaMgenH .
krNIski Sa ³ karbBa©úHbBa©Úlnigkarts‘Umti
smaKmkarBaresvaeRbIR)as;TMnij dwkCBa¢Ún nigsiT§km~krkm<úCa KWCasmaKmeRkArdæaPi)al
minrkR)ak;cMeNj Edl)ancuHeQ~aHCamYyRksYgmhaépÞkalBIéf¶TI01 vicäika 2001 .
bnÞab;BIdMeNIrkar)anbIqñaM smaKm)ansMercpøas;bþÚreQ~aHmkCa smaKmkm<úCaGPivDÆn_esdækic©
eRkARbB½n§ CAID ehIy)ancuHeQ~aHCaelIkTIBIr enAéf¶TI11 mina 2004 . naeBlbc©úb,nñenH
smaKmmansmaCik 350 nak; EdlEbgEckCa5Rkum ³ Rkumm:UtUkg;bI Rkumm:UtU Rkumtak;sIu
RkumGaCIvkr nigRkumksikr . smaKmKaMRTsmaCikxøÜn tamry³karbBa©úHBa©Úl nigts‘Umti nigBRgwg
RkumeKaledAxøÜn RBmTMagEsVgrkTIpSar[BYkeK .
61
kalBIExvickäi a qña2M 001 Rkumm:tU kU g;bEI dlCasmaCik )anTTYlnUvkarhamXat;sTi R§ bkbrbr

rksIuenAkñúgRkug edaysarmUlehtumYycMnYn . kalenaHBYkKat;TaMgGs; )aneFVIkarcrcarCamYy
GaCJaFrRkug b:Eu nþmni TTYl)aneCaKC½y . eRkayBITTYlBakübNþgw enaH CAID )anTMnak;TnM gCamYy
nwgGaC£aFrRkug suN M at;CbY crcar b:Eu nþmni )ansMerclT§plCaeRcInelIk . eRkaymk smaKm)an
sMercsuMeFVI)atukm~GhwgSamYYy eTIbmankaryl;RBmBIGaC£aFrRkug GnuBaØateGaymansiiT§ieFIVkar
dwkeP£ovdUcFm~ta EtBMTu an;manecjlixti CalaylkçNG_ kSrenAeLIy . GaC£aFrb:lU sI enAEtbnÞcú
bg¥ak;mni eGaycracr edaysMGaglixti dUceBlmun .
karts‘mU tienAEtbnþrhUtmkdl;éf¶TI 10 sIha qña2M 005 eTIbmandMeNaHRsaymYyY CamYy
mnÞrI saFarN³karnigdwkCBa¢nÚ Edl)anpþls; Ti B§ sI alaRkugPñeM Bj GnuBaØateGaym:tU kU g;bI manpøak
elx nigmansiTci§ racrenAkñgú Rkug)anFm~tamkdl;bc©bú ,nñenH .
11>2> karsnÞna nigkarBieRKaHeyabl;

vaCameFüa)ayd¾RbesIrCag ebIsmaKm)ancUlrYmenAkñúgesckþIRBagbTbBa¢a nigeKalneya)ay
TaMgenaHmuneBlRtUvdak;cHu Gnuvtþ CaCageFVkI arbBa©Hú bBa©lÚ pøas;brÚþ bTbBa¢a enAeBleKalneya)aynana
RtUv)anbegáItehIy . karN_enHmann½yfa karbegáItsmaKmKWCasemøg EdleKTTYlsÁal;[cUlrYm
enAkñúg dMeNIrkarbegáIteKalneya)ay .
kargarenHGaceFVI)anedaysmaKmCaGñkpþÜcepþImKMnit ehIyesñIsMu[mankarBiPakSanUvral;bBaða
Tl;muxKñaCamYyGaC£aFrBak;B½n§ b£edaykarEsVgrktYnaTIGciéRnþy_mYyEfmeTot CasmaCikrbs;
GgÁPaB b¤evTikarbc©úb,nñ EdlGaC£aFrEtgBieRKaHeyabl;CamYy .
vaCakarsMxan;sRmab;smaKmGaCIvkm~ kñúgkarEsVgrkkareFVICatMNagenAtamGgÁPaBnana Edl
kMNt;elIeKalneya)ay nigGnuvtþc,ab; RBmTMageKalneya)ayNa Edlb:HBal;dl;smaCiksmaKm
. kareFVIdUecñH)an vacaM)ac;RtUv ³
- kMNt;evTika nigPñak;garnanaenAlMdab;Cati nigmUldæan Edlkargarrbs;BYkeKepþatelIbBaða
nana EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~cg;eFIVkarbBa©úHbBa©Úl .
- eRCIserIsGgÁPaBEdlsMxan;bMput - edIm,IeCosvagkareFVI[GgÁPaBxus²KñaTMagenaH mankar
mmajwknwgkargarsmaKmxøaMgeBk .
- esñIsMu[mankareFVICatMNagCapøÚvkar b¤siT§iedIm,IsMuBieRKaHeyabl; .
- eRCIserIsGñktMNagEdlmansmtßPaB nigeFV[I R)akdRbCafa BYkeKmanÉksarKaMRTRKb;RKan;
tamry³karRsavRCavsmrmüNamYy GgÁRbCMuCamYysmaCik dMbUn~anBIGñkCMnajkarnana.
- eFVI[R)akdRbCafa GñktMNagTaMgenHraykarN_RtLb;mkvijy:ageTogTat; eTAKN³km~kar
Rbtibtþi nigKN³km~karTak;TgepSg²eTot elIkic©BiPakSaEdlBYkeKkMBugman .
62
krNIski Sa³ karEsVgrkkareFVItMNag

smaKm]sSahkm~tcU nigmFümPñeM Bj ¬s/]/P¦ RtUv)anbegátI eLIgenAéfTI22 Ex]sPa qñaM
2003 . smaKmmansmaCik 96nak; EdlsuTs§ gw Cam©as;]sSahkm~ plitkm~ nigsib,km~
dUcCasib,km~plitTwkRtI TwksIGu vuI TwkRClk; TwkEpøeQI TwkbrisTu § Rsa nM eRKOgelah³ nig )øasÞki
CaedIm . ebskm~cbM grbs;smaKm KWCyY karBarplRbeyaCn_ nigbMeBjesckþRI tUvkarrbs;smaCik
tamry³kareFVtI N
M ageGayBYkeK kñgú karesñsI uM nigcrcarCamYyGñkerobcMeKalneya)ay . kargar
sMxan;²rbs;smaKmrYmman³ 1¦cUlrYmkñúgkarbegáItc,ab;sMrab;eragcRk nigshRKasFuntUc nig
mFüm 2¦ smaKm)ancUlrYmkñgú KN³km~aFikarRbwkSaeyabl; sMrab;begátI eKalneya)ay nigyuT§
saRsþCati sMrab;CMrujkarnaMecj . tamry³skm~PaBTaMgenH smaKm)anTTYllT§plRbkb
edayEpøpaá mYycMnnY dUcCakarelIkElgBn§kgúñ karnaMclU elIvtßFú atuedImRbePTxøH ehIynItvi Fi éI nkarcuH
eQ~aHRkumh‘nu nigkarsMGu aC£ab½NeÑ bIkmUldæan]sSahkm~ sib,km~RtUv)anEklMG .
11>3> karbBa©úHbBa©Úl[manc,ab;KaMRTeynD½r
GgÁkarRsþIGacedIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan; enAkñúgkarbBa©úHbBa©ÚldMeNIrkarGnum½tc,ab; edIm,Ipþl;Gtß
RbeyaCn_dl;GaCIvkm~EdldwknaMedayRsþI . eRkABIenH karFanaGHGagfabBaðashRKinRsþIRtUv)anedaH
RsayenAkñúgGgÁPaBxøÜnrYcmk smaKmGaCIvkm~KYrbegáItTMnak;TMngyuT§saRsþCamYyGgÁPaBnana
EdltMNag[RsþIenAelIbBaðaTUeTA .
vaGacCatRmUvkar edIm,IbegátI b¤EklMGc,ab; Edlman\T§Bi ledaypÞal;eTAelIRsþdI cU Ca \T§Bi leTAelI

km~siT§iRTBsm,tþi nigkarTTYl)anRbPB\NTanpøÚvkar . smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgLayGacts‘Umti
pgEdr edIm,ITTYl)anesvakm~nana dUcCakarEfTaMkumar nigkarEfTaMmnusScas; RbsinebIcMnYnshRKin
CaRsþId¾eRcInelIslubGaccgRkgKña)anenaH . enAeBlbBaðaTaMgenHRtUvedaHRsay)an enaHshRKin
RsþGI acmankmøagM kitüanuPaB nigkarTTYlsÁal;CapøvÚ kar dUecñHBYkeKGaceFVkI aredayRbsiTP§ aBEfmeTot
karcUlrYmrbs;BYkeKenAkñúgesdækic©RbeTs nigkarbegáItFnFanCUnRbeTsCati .
63
GgÁkarRsþIGacpþl;[smaCikrbs;xøÜnnUvB½t’mansþIBImRnþIrdæaPi)al rebobdMeNIrkarneya)ay nig

rebobcUleTArkGñkbegáIteKalneya)aynana karTak;TgCamYybuKÁlikkariyal½y GaceFVItammeFüa
)ayepSg² dUcCasMbuRt karehAtamTUrs½BÞ karcuHeTAdl;kariyal½y nigtamry³sikçasalanana .
viFId¾manRbsiT§PaBbMput KWCYbCaÉkCnpÞal;CamYynwgGñkbegáItc,ab;sMxan;² b¤mRnþIbegáItbTbBa¢a dUcCa
mRnþIBn§dar mRnþIKy mRnþIRKb;RKgTIpSar . enAeBlNaEdlmuxtMENgRtUv)anbgðajeLIgCasaFarN³
ehIyvaKYrEtmanlkçN³c,as;las; nigCak;Esþg .
krNIski Sa³ karbBa©úHbBa©Úl[maneynD½reTAkñúgc,ab;

RkumRsþIkat;edrnigEkécñvtßúGnusSavrIy_ EdlmanTItaMgenAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;GgÁkarkm<úCa
edIm,ICyY RsþmI anvibtþi ¬CWCC¦ )anbegátI bNþajsMrab;eFVkI areronsURtBIKañ eTAvijeTAmkelICnM aj
viCa¢ CIv³kat;edr nigviFbI eBa¢osGMeBIhgw SaenAkñgú RKYsar . BYkKat;)aneRCIserIsRbFanRkum edIm,IEsVgrk
skþanuBlTIpSar nigedaHRsaybBaðaEdlRkumrbs;BkY eKCYbRbTH . tamry³kic©xti xMRbwgERbgrbs;
CWCC kñúgkarEsVgrkCMnYynigkarshkarBIbNþarGgÁkarEpñkc,ab;CaeRcInenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa
BRgagc,ab;GeM BIhgw SaenAkñgú RKYsarsßti enAkñgú dMeNIrkarGnumt½ BIsPaCati .
64
mUD: lu TI 12³ karTTYlxusRtUv nig Parkicn© ana enAkñúgsmaKm
mUD: l
u 12³ karTTYlxusRtUv nig Parkicn© ana
enAkñúgsmaKm
12>1> tYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;EpñkepSg²énsmaKm
sRmab;GñkBak;B½n§xageRkA vaKWCakarsMxan;Nas;EdlGgÁPaBmYYymankarRKb;RKg nigrcna
sm<½n§l¥ RBmTaMgmankarTTYlxusRtUvnigtmøaPaB . ebIK~anRbsiT§iPaBenAkñúgGgÁPaB nigkarRKb;RKg
RbkbedaytmøaPaB smaKmnwg)at;bg;kitþis½BÞkñúgRkEsEPñkrbs;shKmn_xageRkA nigRkEsEPñkrbs;
smaCikxøÜn .
CaTUeTA smaKmmanKN³km~akardUcteTA ³
1> mhasnñ)i at ³ KWCaGgÁkMBUlbMputénsmaKmGaCIvkm~. mhasnñi)atenHCYbRbCMuKña y:agtic
Nas;mYyqñaMmþg edIm,I ³
- BinitüemIlskm~PaBTaMgLay nighirBaØvtßúqñaMknøgeTA
- vaytémøyuT§saRsþbc©úb,nñrbs;GgÁPaB nigseRmcelIyuT§saRsþf~IsRmab;GnaKt
- seRmcelIviFIEbgEckFnFan nigplkéRmnanarbs;GgÁPaB
- yl;RBmelIEpnkarskm~PaB nigfvikasRmab;ry³eBlxagmux
- eRCIserIssmaCikKN³km~kar nigGñkRtYtBinitüfvikaépÞkñúg
mhasnñi)atRtUvmansmaCikRKb;RKan; ¬kUr:um¦ edIm,I[GgÁRbCMumanlkçN³smRsbeTAtam
pøÚvc,ab; . enHCacMnYntUcbMputénsmaCik ehIyebIenAeRkamcMnYnkUru:ménGgÁRbCMu EdlminGactMNag[
smaCik)an enaHGgÁRbCMuminKYrKb,IeFVIeTAeLIy . cMnYnenHb¤rUbmnþsRmab;Kit eBalKWcMnYnPaKryén
smaCik Edl)an ¬bg;R)ak;smaCikPaB¦ KYrKb,Ikt;RtaTukeTAkñúgFm~nuBaØ . CaFm~ta karseRmcnana
rbs;mhasniñ)at KWCakarrYmbBa©ÚlKña b¤ehAmü:ageTotfamhasnñi)atenHRtUvkar edIm,IravrkkarseRmc
rYmKña. enHminEmnmann½yfa rg;caMrhUtTal;EtmanGgÁsnñi)atRbcaMqñaMenAqñaMbnÞab;eToteLIy.
KN³km~karRbtibtþi GacekaHehA[manmhasniñ)atBiess ¬visamBaØ¦ mYyeLIg)an . RbsinebI
mhasnñi)ateFVIkarbdiesF enaHFm~nuBaØPaKeRcInnwgGnuBaØatdl;smaCikTaMgLaybgçM[manmha-
snñi)atenaH b:uEnþRtUvRBmeRBogelIcMnYnsmaCikGb,brima EdlRtUvEtcuHhtßelxaelIjtþiNamYy
muneBlKN³km~karTTYlkatBVkic©ekaHehA[manmhasnñi)atenaH .
65
2> RkumRbwkSaPi)al ³ RtUv)ane)aHeqñateLIgedaymhasnñi)at nigCatMNag[smaCiknana

enAkñúgkic©RbCuMmhasnñi)at ³
- RkumRbwkSaPi)almancMnYnBI 5 - 7 nak; rYmTaMgRbFan
- RkumRbwkSaPi)alCYbRbCuMuy:ageTogTat; - erogral;Ex b¤ 2Exmþg
- CaGñksMercelIEpnkaryuT§saRsþ nigpþl;dMbUn~andl;GñkRKb;RKg
3> RkumKN³km~karRKb;RKg ³ TTYlbnÞúkelIkarRKb;RKgsmaKm GaCIvkm~ ³
- KN³km~karenH TTYlxusRtUvsRmab;karRKb;RKgskm~PaBRbcaMéf¶nana[manRbsiT§iPaB
- CaTUeTAmanGKÁelxaFikar b¤ GñkRKb;RKgmñak; hirBaØikmñak; nigelxamñak;
GñkRKb;RKg ¬b¤GKÁelxaFikar¦³
- TTYlxusRtUvRKb;RKgskm~PaBRbcaMéf¶enAkñúgsmaKm[manRbsiT§iPaB
- RKb;RKgbuKÁliksmaKm
- raykarN_CUneTARkumRbwkSaPi)al
elxa ³
- TTYlxusRtUvelIkargarrdæ)al
- kt;RtakMNt;ehtuGgÁRbCuM
- EfrkSaral;lixitsñamnana
- EfrkSaB½t’man nigkMNt;ehtunana[)anKg;vgS
- eFV[I R)akdfasmaCikTTYl)anÉksananaGMBkI aryl;RBm esckþsI eM rcepSg² nig r)aykarN_
hirBaØvtßú .
karCMrujTwkcitþdl;smaCikRsþI[QreQ~aH sRmab;kare)aHeqñatCaKN³km~karRbtibtþienH man
sar³sMxan;Nas; ehIyvaGacCakarcaM)ac;edIm,ITukbRmugekAGImYycMnYn sRmab;smaCik®sþITaMgenaH.
4> svnkrépÞkñúg b¤RkumTTYlkarTukcitþ
- RtUv)ane)aHeqñateRCIserIsedaymhasnñi)at .
- RKb;RKgelImuxnaTIrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ edIm,IeFVI[R)akdfa KN³km~karRbtibtþidMeNIrkar
GgÁPaB edayGnuelameTAtamesckþIseRmcnanarbs;mhasnñi)at .
- RtUvepÞogpÞat;fasvnkm~ ¬karRtYtBinitü¦ hirBaØikRtUveFVIeLIgenAerogral;qñaM edayRkumsvnkr
épÞkñúg b¤edayKNenyükrGaCIBNamñak; .
eRkABIKN³km~akarxagelIenH smaKmCaeRcInenARbeTskm<úCa manGñkBieRKaHeyabl;mYyRkum
- GacCapøÚvkar b¤eRkApøÚvkar - CaGñkCYyRkumRbwkSaPi)al . RkumGñkpþl;TIRbwkSa GacmantMNagmk
66
mUD: lu TI 12³ karTTYlxusRtUv nig Parkicn© anaenAkñúgsmaKm
BIPñak;garrdæaPi)alnana BIbNþaGgÁkarsgÁm nigGgÁPaBneya)aynana b¤GñkCMnajkar EdlmanbT

BiesaFn_eRCARCH .
GgÁkarelxenH qøúHbBa©aMgBITMnak;TMngzananuRkmenAkñúgGgÁPaB EdlCaTUeTAsmtßkic©sMxan;bMput
RtUvsßitenAfñak;kMBUl .
smaKmtUc² b¤smaKmEdleTIbnwgbegáIt GacminRtUvkarRkumGñkdwknaMTaMgGs;

dUcEdl)anerobrab;xagelIenH. GgÁkarelxrbs;eK GacmanlkçN³samBaØdUcxageRkamenH ³
enAkñúgsmaKmCaeRcInenAkm<úCa smaCikrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al nigGñkRKb;RKg KWCaGñkeFVIkar

edays~R½ Kcitþ ehIyRtUv)aneKe)aHeqñateRCIserIssMrab;ry³eBlNamYykMNt; . GgÁkarFM²RtUvkarbuKlÁ ki
EdlmanR)ak;ebovtSr_ . CaTUeTA tMENgnanaenAkñúgRkumGñkRKb;RKg ¬GñkRKb;RKg hirBaØik nigelxa ¦
KWCakargarEdlTTYlebovtSr_ cMENkÉRkumRbwkSaPi)alKWCakargars~½RKcitþ .
67
GñkdwknaMCaRsþI nigGñkEdlmanv½yek~g
bTBiesaFn_)anbgðajfa ebIsni Caman»kas RsþnI gi GñkEdlmanv½yek~g GaceFVCI aRkumRbwkSa b¤
GñkdwknaMya: gl¥RbesIr . edaysarfa RsþCI aerOy²mankarRbugRbyt½Cñ amYynwgluykak; )anRbesIr
Cagburs emøaHehIyBYkeKk¾CahirBaØki d¾cN
M anEdr . GñkEdlmanv½yek~g CaBiessGñkEdlTTYl)an
karsikSal¥ GaccUlrYmcMENkmYyy:agFM tamry³kargarCahirBaØki rg elxa b¤CnM yY KN³km~akar
ehIyBYkeKk¾GacbNþHú bNþalkøayeTACaGñkdwknaMsmaKmnaeBlxagmuxenHEdr .
RbPB ³ GgÁkar FAO esovePAFnFansMrab;GnþrRkum ³ karENnaMsMrab;begáItsmaKmksikr nigbNþaj
12>2> karsMerccitþ
enAkñgú smaKmGaCIvkm~ karsMerccitGþ aceFVeI LIgeTAtamviFeI pSg²Kña ³
- enAkñgú eBlRbCumM hasnñ)i at CaFm~ta RtUv)aneKerobcMmyY qñamM gþ b¤ ¬BIrdg ¦EdlsmaCikPaK
eRcInCYbCuKM añ eFVkI arsMerc
- enAkñúgeBlRbCuMRkumRbwkSaPi)al CaTUeTA ¬RtUveFVIeLIgerogral;Ex¦ edaymanpþl;karENnaM
sMrab;ry³eBlxøI eTAdl;RkumGñkdwknaM
- enAkñgú kic©RbCurM bs;KN³km~kar EdlkarsMercciteþ rogral;éf¶RtUv)aneFVeI LIg edayKN³km~kar
nigsmaCikepSg²eTot .
smaKmRtUvkarviny½ nignItvi Fi sI rM ab;eFVeI sckþcI ti þ . ebIsni CaK~aneT smaCikEdlcUlcitrþ eM laPelI
GñkdéT nwgBüayameFVIkarsMercelIkic©karCaeRcIn ehIysmaCikepSg²eTotnwg)at;bg;TMnukcitþ .
viFmI yY cMnnY sMrab;eFVeI sckþsI eM rccitþ man ³
- ksagkarÉkPaBCaFøgú mYy . viFeI nHeFV[I R)akdfa mankarKaMRTelIkarsMerccitBþ RI Kb;smaCik
TaMgGs; nigkarBarGñkPaKtic BIRkumGñkEdlmanKñaeRcInnigrwgmaM b:uEnþvak¾GacTamTareBl
RbCudM E¾ vg nigkarBnüaeBl .
- tammtiGkñ PaKeRcIn . karsMerccitGþ aceFVeI LIg edaymankarRBmeRBogBIsmaCikPaKeRcIn
51 PaKry b¤elIsBIenH ¦kñgú cMeNamGñke)aHeqñatTaMgGs; . nItvi Fi eI nH minRtUvkareBlevla
yUreT b:Eu nþvaGacbgá[manRkumtUc² EdlminÉkPaB b¤mankarrMelaPBIRkummnusS Edlman
KMnti dUcKñaCaeRcIn enAkñgú smaKm.
- tamviFsI aRsþcrM Hu . smaKmGaceRbIvFi sI aRsþcrM Hu sMrab;eFVkI arsMerceTAelIkargarepSg²Kña .
sMrM ab;kargarCaRbcaM karÉkPaBtammtiPaKeRcIn manPaBrh½s nigl¥bpM tu . b:Eu nþsrM ab;kci ©kar
sMxan;² EdlGacman\TiB§ leTAelIsmaKmTaMgmUl karksagkarÉkPaBCaFøgú mYykñgú cMeNam
smaCikTaMgGs; manlkçN³RbesIrCag .
68
12>3> taragBiBN’nakargar
taragBiBN’nakargarerobrab;GMBIkargar nigkarTTYlxusRtUvnanasRmab;nieyaCikTaMgLay. va
CYyBYkeK[yl;BitR)akdGMBIGVI EdlsmaKmrMBwgTukBIeK nigCYy[yl;viFIEdlBYkeKRtUvTak;Tg
CamYynieyaCitÉeTotenAkñgú GgÁPaB . taragBiBN’nakargarl¥ CYykñgú eRCIserIs nigCYysMrab;vaytMél
kargar nigmin[mankic©karCan;elIKñaelItMENgepSg²Kña . taragBiBN’nakargarKYrrab;bBa©Úl ³
- muxtMENg nigeKalbMNgsMxan;²rbs;kargar
- TMnak;TMngcaM)ac;CamYybuKÁlikÉeTot² GñkEdlRtUvepJIrr)aykarN_CUn ¬nrNaEdlRtUv
Tak;TgCamYy¦
- kargar EdlbuKÁlikrUbenaHRtUvGnuvtþ
- lkçN³sm,tþi smtßPaB nigcMeNHdwg EdlbuKÁlikenaHRtUvman
- l½kçx½NÐkargarCak;lak;nana dUcCakareFVIdMeNIr b¤k_eFVIkarelIsem:ag
muxtMENgkargar ³ GKÁelxaFikar
eKalbMNgsMxan;²sRmab;mxu tMENg
GKÁelxaFikarrbs;smaKm KWCaGñkelIkkMBs; nigrkSakarvivDÆ RBmTaMgplRbeyaCn_nana
rbs;smaKm . Kat;eFV[I R)akdRbCaeTAelIkarRKb;RKgRbcaMéf¶rbs;smaKm .
muxnaTIsxM an;²
z RKb;RKgkic©karRbcaMéf¶enAkñgú smaKm
z RKb;RKgbuKlÁ ki rbs;smaKm
z ksagTMnak;TnM g nigPaBCaédKUCamYyGgÁkarxageRkA.l.
kargar
enARtg;kfax½NeÐ nH cUrdak;bBa©lÚ skm~PaBCak;lak;nana EdlnwgRtUvGnuvtþenAGMLgú eBlGaNtþi
bnÞab;. edayGaRs½yelIsmaKm kargarGacrab;bBa©lÚ ³ karerobcMngi GnuvtþEpnkaryuTs§ aRsþ karRbmUl
FnFan nigmUlniFni ana karnaMykmknUvKeRmagnanarbs;smaKm EdlkMBgu sßti enAkñgú dMeNIrkar edIm,I
seRmclT§plCaTIeBjcitmþ yY ¬dUcCa kartaMgBiBr½ N_ km~vFi \I NTan¦ karRKb;RKgbuKlÁ ki .l.
69
kareFVIr)aykarN_ nigkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
GKÁelxaFikareFVkI arenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;mhasnñ)i at ehIyrYmshkary:agCitditCamYy
smaCiknanarbs;KN³km~karRbtibtþi nigsmaCikKN³km~karBiess²déTeTot .
KuNvuDÆingi CMnajnanaEdlRtUvkar
z mankaryl;dgw RCaleRCAGMBsI maKm nigsmaCikTaMgLayrbs;smaKm
z mankaryl;dgw RbesIrGMBbI riyakasneya)ay sgÁm nigc,ab; EdlTak;TgnwgkicR© btibtþki ar
rbs;smaKm
z manCMnajeFVEI pnkaryuTs§ aRsþ
z mansmtßPaBeqøyI tbRbkbedayRbsiTP§ aBkñgú kic©karbnÞan;nana
z mansmtßPaBeKogKr nigelIkTwkcitbþ Ku lÁ ki
z manCMnajBUEkxagTMnak;TnM g .l.
z .l.
lkçN³Edlcg;)an
edaysarsmaKmmanTMnak;TnM geRcInenAkMrti tMbn; nigmansmaCikPaKeRcInCaRsþI vaCakarRbesIr
ebIGkñ mkkan;mxu tMENgenH CaRsIEþ dlrs;enAkñgú tMbn; .
muxtMENgkargar ³ elxaFikarrbs;smaKm
eKalbMNgsMxan;²sRmab;muxtMENg
elxaFikarrbs;smaKmRtUveFV[I R)akdfa kick© arrdæ)alEdlCakargarelxa mandMeNIrkarRtwmRtUv
nigmanRbsiTP§ aB .
muxnaTIsxM an;²
z TTYlxusRtUvkargarrdæ)al nighirBaØvtßú
z eFVkI N
M t;ehtuenARKb;GgÁRbCuTM aMgGs;
z TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarrkSaTuklixti sñamTMnak;TnM gTaMgGs;
z rkSaTukRKb;Bt½ m’ an nigkMNt;ehtuTaMgGs;[mansuvtßPi aB
z eFVI[R)akdfa RkummanÉksarnanaGMBIesckþIyl;RBmTaMgGs; niglixitGnuBaØatnana
nigkarcgRkgÉksar. l.
70
kargar
enARtg;CBM kU enH cUrdak;bBa©lÚ skm~PaBCak;lak;nana EdlnwgRtUvGnuvtþenAGMLgú eBlBI 6 eTA
12 Ex bnÞab; . edayGaRs½yelIesckþRI tUvkarrbs;smaKm kargarGacrab;bBa©lÚ ³ karENnaM bgðajBI
RbB½n§rkSaTukB½t’man enAkñúgma:suInkMuBüÚT½r kareFVI[R)akdelIkarEckcayRBwtþib½Rt nigkar
TTYl)anlixitGnuBaØatsRmab;karsagsg; .l.
kareFVrI )aykarN_ nigkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
kñgú namCasmaCikmñak;énKN³km~karRbtibtþi elxaFikarRtUveFVkI arenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgeday
pÞal;rbs;GKÁelxaFikar nigedayrYmshkary:agCitsñiT§CamYysmaCiknanarbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al
nigsmaCikKN³km~karBiess²déTeTot .
z manbTBiesaFn_kgúñ kic©karrdæ)alsaFarN³ b¤ÉkCn
z manCMnajsresr nigCMnajerobcMl¥
z manPaBc,as;las;
z mankarTukcitþ .l.
muxtMENgkargar ³ hirBaØikrbs;smaKm
eKalbMNgsMxan;²sRmab;muxtMENg
hirBaØki rbs;smaKm RtUvcgRkgÉksar nigrkSaÉksarhirBaØvtßrú bs;smaKm RBmTaMgeFV[I RbesIr
eLIgnUvsßanPaBhirBaØvtßú .
muxnaTIsxM an;²
z RtYtBinitüemIlkic©karhirBaØvtßúrbs;smaKm RBmTaMgrkSaTukral;kMNt;ehtuhirBaØvtßú
TaMgGs;
z TTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkarrkSaTukedaysuvtßPi aBnUvRTBüsm,tþCi aR)ak;kasTaMgGs;
z CaGñkRtYtBinti üemIlKNnIFnaKar
kargar
enARtg;CBM kU enH cUrdak;bBa©lÚ skm~PaBCak;lak;nana EdlnwgRtUvGnuvtþeLIgenAGMLgú eBlBI 6 eTA
12 ExbnÞab;. GaRs½yelIesckþRI tUvkarrbs;smaKm kargarGacrab;bBa©lÚ ³ cUlrYmRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú
rbs;KeRmagCak;lak;TaMgLay cUlrYmeFVrI )aykarN_hri BaØvtßRú bcaMqañ .M l.
71
kareFVIr)aykarN_ nigkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
kñgú namCasmaCikmñak;énKN³km~karRbtibtþi hirBaØikRtUveFVIkarenAeRkamkarRKb;RKg eday
pÞal;rbs;GKÁelxaFikar nigrYmshkary:agCitditCamYysmaCiknanarbs;KN³km~karRbtibtþi
nigsmaCikKN³km~karBiess²déTeTot .
z manbTBiesaFn_kgúñ kic©karhirBaØvtßsú aFarN³ b¤ÉkCn
z manPaBc,as;las;
z mankarTukcitþ
z manCMnajkñgú karsresrr)aykarN_l¥ .l.
72
m:DU lu TI 13³ karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßrú bs;smaKm
m:DU l
u TI 13³ karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßrú bs;smaKm
13>1> sar³sMxan;énkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúl¥
karmanRbB½n§RKb;RKghirBaØvtßúd¾l¥mYy mansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;smaKmGaCIvkm~ . smaKm
GaCIvkm~ RtUvpþl;B½t’man[)anc,as;las; eTA[smaCikxøÜn GMBIkarcMNayepSg² EdlekItmaneLIg
nigfvikacMNUlepSg² . dUcenHeKRtUvkarviFIsaRsþsMrab;kt;Rta EdlmanPaBsamBaØmYy b:uEnþman
RbsiT§PaB .
mUlehtuCarYmmYy EdleFVI[man»nPaBrbs;GgÁPaBmYy KWkarmincuHsRmug b¤minTukcitþKña CMuvij
bBaðahirBaØvtßú . ebIK~anRbB½n§hirBaØvtßúmYy EdlmantmøaPaB gayyl;)an nigGacdMeNIrkar)an nayk
nigbuKÁlikminGaceFVIkarseRmccitþ)ansmrmüeLIy. GsmtßPaBkñúgkarRKb;RKgkargarhirBaØvtßú
rbs;GgÁPaBmYy KWCaviFEI dlelOnbMptu EdlbNþal[ekItmanmnÞli sgS½yfa R)ak;ngw GacRtUv)at;bg;
ehIyeFVI[ElgmankarTukcitþKñakñúgcMeNamsmaCik nigb:HBal;kitþis½BÞsmaKmTaMgmUl .
m:UDulenHminpþl;karbNþúHbNþalTaMgRsug sMrab;KNenyükr nig hirBaØikenaHeT . Etvapþl;KMnit
CamUldæansMrab;RbB½n§kt;Rta edIm,I[GñkdwknaMGacyl;BIB½t’manhirBaØvtßú )ankan;EtRbesIr .
KNenyükr nigGñkkt;Rtarbs;smaKm RtUvkarkarKaMRT nigkarbNþHú bNþalEdlmanlkçN³Cak;lak; .
critlkçN³rbs;RbB½n§KNenyümYyEdll¥ rYmman ³
- B½t’mansþIBIcMNUl nigcMNay KWRtUv)anRbmUlkñúglkçN³CaRbB½n§ .
- karRbmUlTinñn½y Canic©kalRtUvEtmanlkçN³bc©úb,nñPaB ry³eBlcenøaHrvagRbtibtþikar
Edl)aneFVIeLIg nigeBlevlaEdlRtUvkt;RtakñúgKNnI KWRtUvEtmanKmøat Gb,brmabMput .
- B½t’manRtUverobcM nigpþl;eTA[buKÁlikEdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgGgÁPaB.
- minmankarcMNayNamYyRtUv)aneFVIeLIg elIkElgEtmankarBüakrN_enAkñúgfvika b¤man
karGnuBaØatenAkñúgc,ab;rbs;smaKm .
- ral;Éksar nigesovePAKNenyü RtUvcak;esarTukenAeBlNa EdlminmankareRbIR)as; .
- ral;karcuHbBa¢I KWRtUvsresredayTwkex~A ehIyminRtUveFVIkarekaslubeLIy .
- RbB½n§KNenyüRtUvmantmøaPaB ehIymanPaBgayyl;sRmab;smaCik nigGñkdwknaM
- RtUvmanr)aykarN_hirBaØvtßúsMxan;² sMrab;[smaCikBinitü
73
smaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvmannItvi Fi cI ,as;las; EdlbBa¢ak;faGñkNaGacmansiTs§ eM rckñgú karcMNay .

CaTUeTA vaRtUvmanhtßelxaBIr sMrab;karcMNaynimYy² edIm,I[mantmøaPaB . hirBaØik nig Gñkkt;Rta
cMNUlcMNay CaTUeTAGacmansiT§sMerceTAelIkarcMNaytUc² . rIÉkarcMNayFM² RtUvEtman
karsMercBIGKÁnayknighirBaØik . karcMNaysMxan;² RtUvEtmankaryl;RBmBIKNkm~karfñak;x<s;.
CaerOy² FnaKarRtUvkarKMrhU tßelxaKMrrU bs;KNkm~kar edIm,I[eKGacepÞogpÞat;fa mankarcuHhtßelxa
RtwmRtUvelIb½NÑ\NTan . ebIsinCaKNkm~karfñak;x<s; laQb;BIsmaKm b¤manGñkmkCMnYs smaKm
RtUvbBa¢ÚneQ~aH nigKMrUhtßelxaf~IeTA[FnaKar .
13>2> Epnkarfvika
EpnkarfvikaKWCaEpnkarhirBaØvtßú EdlbgðajnUvkarsgÇwmTukrbs;smaKmBIcMNUl nigcMNay
sRmab;ry³eBlmYyCaTUeTAKWsRmab;myY qñaM . vaqøHú bBa©agM BIEpnkarskm~PaB rYmTaMgkareRKagcMNay
nigkar)a:n;RbmaNfvikacMNUl EdlrMBwgTukEp¥ktamcMNUlBImun ehIynigcMNUlBüakrN_BIskm~PaB
f~I² . karkMNt;eBlevla sRmab;RbtibtþikarnaeBlGnaKtRtUvEtBicarNa . fvikaman : smtulü :
enAeBlcMNaynigcMNUlmankRmitRbhak;RbEhlKña KWmann½yfasmaKmRbEhlCaGacmanfvika
cMNlU RKb;RKan;sRmab;cN
M ay dUc)anrMBgw Tuk . KMeragfvikaRbcaMqañ KM rY RtUv)anyl;RBm edaymhasnñ)i at .
kñúgkMLúgeBlénqñaM ]TahrN_ ral;RtImas cMNUl nigcMNayCak;Esþg KYrRtUv)aneRbobeFob
eTAnwgGVI Edl)anBüakrN_kñúgfvika . RbsinebImankarelcecjnUvPaBxusKñaeRcIn rvagcMNUl nig
cMNay b¤mankarekIteLIgnUvcMNayEdlmin)aneRKagTuk dUcCakarcMNaysRmab;PaBmanGasnñ
b¤kar)at;bg;skm~PaBcMNUld¾cm,g GñkdwknaMRtUveFVIkarseRmccitþ[)anRtwmRtUv dUcCaEsVgrk
hirBaØvtßúbEnßm b¤kat;bnßykarcMNay . karseRmccitþenHminRtUvp¥akeT ebImindUecñHeT sßankarN_
GaRkk;nwgkan;EtF¶n;F¶reTA² .
74
KeRmagfvika ³ éf¶TI 1 Exmkra dl;éf¶TI 31 ExFñÚ qñaM 2007
13>3> karBüakrN_GMBIlMhUrsac;R)ak;
smaKmGaCIvkm~ EdlmanfvikacMNUl nigcMNayeRcInKYrsm KYreFVIkarBüakrN_GMBIlMhUr
sac;R)ak;rbs;xnÜø [)aneTogTat; edIm,I[R)akdfasmaKmmanfvikaenAkúgñ éd enAeBlRtUvkarcMNay .
karBüakrN_ Gac[smaKm)andwg faetIeKnwgmanfvikacMnlU b:nu a~ n nigkarcMNayb:nu a~ nsMrab;ExbnÞab; .
eKk¾Gacdwgfa etIsmaKmnwgxVHxatfvikab:un~an nigRtUvcat;viFankarN_bgáary:agNa dUcCakarx©IR)ak;BI
eRkAbEnßm b¤cat;EcgkarcMNayCaeRkaytamry³vik½áyb½Rt . kareFVIdUcenHGac[smaKmR)akdfa
Canic©kaleKmanR)ak; cUleRcInCagR)ak;ecj nigrkSaTuksac;R)ak;bRmugrbs;smaKm .
]TahrN_EpnkarlMhUrsac;R)ak;mandUcteTA ³
75
13>4> esovePAebLa nigesovePAcMNUlcMNay

esovePAebLa nigesovePAcMNUlcMNay KWbgðajBIsac;R)ak;Edl)anTTYl nigkarcMNayeday
smaKm . smtulürbs;esovePAebLa KWbgðajBIcMnYnsac;R)ak;enAkñúgéd . esovePAcMNUl cMNay KW
bgðajBIRbPBsac;R)ak;Edl)anTTYl nigeKalbMNgsac;R)ak;Edl)ancMNay .
smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgLayEdlmanKNnIFnaKar caM)ac;RtUvrkSa : esovePAFnaKar : EdlemIl
eTA RsedogeTAnwgesovePAebLa. vabgðajBIRbPBsac;R)ak; Edl)anTTYlenAkñúgKNnIFnaKar
RBmTaMgeKalbMNgsac;R)ak; EdlcMNayecjBIKNnIFnaKar .
enAcugbBa©b;énGMLúgeBleFVIr)aykarN_nImYy² plsrubkñúgkUeLannImYy nwgRtUvykeTAdak;enA
kñúgr)aykarN_R)ak;cMeNj nigR)ak;xat .
76
karkt;RtacMnYnsac;R)ak;enAkñúgéd RtUvEtmankarRtYtBinitü[)aneTogTat; edIm,IepÞogpÞat;CamYy

sac;R)ak;EdlmanCak;Esþg . cMnYnfvikaGb,brima EdlhirBaØikGacrkSaTuk KYrEtmankarbBa¢ak;[)an
c,as;las;. sMrab;suvtßiPaB fvikaEdlmancMnYneRcIn KYrEtykeTATukenAkñúgKNnIFnaKar[)an
qab;bMput .
Gñkkt;RtacMNUlcMNayrbs;smaKm RtUvrkSaTuknUvral;vik½yb½RtsMrab;ral;fvikacMNay nigral;
vik½yb½Rtrbs;smaKm EdlecjeTAeRkA sMrab;fvikaEdl)anTTYl . vik½yb½RtsMrab;fvikacMNUl
RtUvmanelxerog nigeQ~aHsmaKm. b¤Gacniyaym:üageTotfa ral;eBlmanfvikacUl nigecj
RtUvmanlixitbBa¢ak;BIRbPBedIm edIm,IFanafaRbtibtþikarmanlkçN³RtwmRtUv .
13>5> r)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú
GñkdwknaMrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ RtUvEtraykarN_tamkalkMNt; CUndl;smaCikGMBIsßanPaB
hirBaØvtßúrbs;smaKm . B½t’manRtUvEtbgðajkñúgPaBc,as;las; nigkarTak;TgKña edIm,I[smaCikman
lT§PaB yl;BIsßanPaBfvikarbs;smaKmxøÜn . B½t’manEdleFVI[mankarPan;RcLMnigminRtwmRtUv
GacnaM[mankarminTukcitþkñúgcMeNamsmaCiknana .
77
viFICarYmmYy edIm,IbgðajlT§pl hirBaØvtßú sMrab;ry³eBlNamYyCak;lak; KWtamry³r)aykarN_

R)ak;cMeNjnigR)ak;xat b¤GacehAfa r)aykarN_ ¬cMNlU nigcMNay ¦ . viFTI eU TAbMptu sMrab;bgðaj
sßanPaBhiBaØvtßrú bs;smaKm enAeBlevla NamYy KWtamry³r)aykarN_smtulü .
r)aykarN_R)ak;cMeNjnigxatenH bgðajfaetIsmaKmrk)anR)ak;cMeNj b¤k¾kMBugEtxat
enAeBlNamYy dUcCasMrab; 6 Ex b¤ 1qñaM.
r)aykarN_R)ak;cMeNjnigxat³ éf¶TI 1 Exmkra dl;éf¶TI 31 ExFñÚ qñaM 200>>>>>
r)aykarN_smtulü
r)aykarN_smtulü KWbgðajBIsaß nPaBhirBaØvtßrú bs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ enAeBlNamYy ¬CaFm~ta
enAcugqñaMrbs;KNnI¦ . vabgðajGMBIifvikakñúgéd cMnYnfvikaenAkñúgFnaKar nigRTBüsm,tþiRTBüTaMgGs;
EdlsmaKmman RBmbMNulTaMgGs;EdlsmaKmenACMBak; .l.
RTBüsm,tþirbs;smaKmRtUv)anKNna edaybUkbBa©ÚlnUvGVIEdlsmaKmman nigdkecjnUvGVI
EdlsmaKmCab;CMBak; ¬luyCMBak; nigkatBVkic©epSg² ¦. vapþl;rUbPaBmYyénsßanPaBhirBaØvtßú
rbs;GgÁPaB .
78
r)aykarN_smtulü ³ 31 FñÚ 200>>>>>>
13>6> kargarrdæ)alsMrab;smaCikPaB
smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgLaycaM)ac;RtUvbegáItTinñn½ymUldæan edayeRbIesovePAbBa¢IcuHeQ~aHsamBaØ
b¤kt;RteTAkñúgkMuBüÚT½r . smaCikTaMgGs;KYrKb,IRtUv)ankt;RtaeTAkñúgTinñn½ymUldæansmaCikPaB
edayerobrab;BkI albriecäTénkarcUlCasmaCik cMnnY R)ak;EdlRtUvbg;rbs;BkY eK nigB½tm’ anEdlBak;Bn½ §
epSg²eTot . GñkcuHbBa¢IRtUvkt;RtacMnYnfvika EdlRtUvdl;eBlbg; nigcMnYnfvikaEdl)anTTYlBI
BYkeKmñak;² .
xageRkamenHKWCakarENnaMxøH sRmab;karRbmUlR)ak;smaCikPaB ³
- mhasnñi)at b¤KN³km~karRbtibtþi KYrkMNt;R)ak;smaCikPaB EdlRtUvbg;R)ak;erogral;qñaM b¤
¬erogral;RtImas¦ . R)ak;bg;smaCikPaBenH KYrRtUvkMNt;[)ansmrmü edIm,IeFVI[BitR)akd
dl;PaBrs;ranrbs;GgÁPaB .
- smaCikTaMgGs;RtUvEtbg;R)ak;smaCikPaBrbs;xøÜneTAtameBlkMNt; . cMeBaHGgÁPaBtUc²
R)ak;smaCikPaBenHRtUv)anRbmUledayebLakr EtcMeBaHGgÁPaBEdlFM²vij GñkdwknaMsaxa
CaGñkRbmUl . karcuHtamdan dUcCaepJIlixiteRkInrMlwk b¤cuHCYbmñak;² KWCaviFId¾caM)ac; sMrab;
kargarenH .
- smaCikEdlmin)anbg;R)ak;smaCikPaBenH Gac)at;bg;siT§ie)aHeqñat nigminGacTTYl)an
esvaepSg²BIsmaKmeLIy .
79
- smaCikRtUvEt)anTTYlvik½áyb½Rt ehIykarbg;R)ak;RtUvEtkt;RtaeTAkñúgesovePAsmaCikPaB
nigesovePAebLa .
- GñkRtYtBinitüRtUvEtepÞogpÞat;fa smaCikTaMgGs;)anbg;R)ak;smaCikPaBrbs;xøÜn ehIykar
bg;R)ak;enaHRtUv)ankt;Rtay:agRtwmRtUvenAkñúgesovePAebLa nigbBa¢IsmaCik .
13>7> nItiviFIsvnkm
svnkm~ KWCaGFikarkic©elIKNenyürbs;GgÁPaB . svnkrRtUvRtYtBinitüeTAelIdMeNIrkarKN
enyü faetIvamanPaBRtwmRtUvEdrb¤eT rkemIlcMNcu Edlminc,as;las; nigeFVeI sckþrI aykarN_GBM kI arEkøg
bnøM. svnkm~GaceFVIeLIgCalkçN³ : xagkñúg : mann½yfakargarenHeFVIeLIgedaysvnkrxagkñúgrbs;
GgÁPaB b¤edayGñkeCOTukcitþ b¤ : xageRkA : EdleFVIeLIgedayRkumh‘unÉkeTssvnkr .
enAkñúgkrNITaMgBIr RtUvmanr)aykarN_bgðajdl;GgÁsnñi)at edIm,I[smaCikTaMgGs;)anyl;dwg
faetIkarBicarNarbs;svnkr cMeBaHr)aykarN_hri BaØvtßéú nsmaKmGaCIvkm~ manPaBRtwmRtUvEdrb¤eT .
CaTUeTA svnkr³
- erobcMCamYyhirBaØik edIm,IBinitüral;esovePAKNenyü nigbBa¢Isñamnana
- emIl[c,as;fa tYelxenAkñúgesovePAebLa)anbUksrubRtwmRtUv ehIyK~ancMNayNamYy
pÞúynwgc,ab;rbs;GgÁPaBeLIy .
- BinitüemIlsac;R)ak;enAkñúgéd edayeFobnwgcMnYnR)ak; EdlmanbgðajenAkñúgesovePAebLa.
- epÞogpÞat;emIlvik½yb½Rt EdlCaEpñkmçagénesovePAebLa eFobnwgb½NÑcMNayEdl)an
ecj[ ehIyBinitüemIleGayR)akdfa R)ak;EdlTTYlTaMgGs;RtUv)ancuHkñúgbBa¢IRtwmRtUv .
- epÞogemIlbBa¢IcMNay edayeFobnwgb½NÑcMNay vik½áyb½RtTijTMnijTMagGs; nigTinñn½yKaMRT
epSg²eTot dUcCabBa¢IcuHeQ~aHrbs;smaCik .
80
- eRbobeFobsmtulüsac;R)ak;rbs;smaKmenAkñúgFnaKar CamYynwgcMnYnTwkR)ak;Edl)an
kt;RtaenAkñúgsRmg;KNnIFnaKar . vaGacmanPaBcaM)ac; kñúgkarEktRmUvmYycMnYn edIm,IsMrb
sMrYleTAelIkarcMNayepSg ³ karR)ak; ¬éføcMNayepSg² EdlenAminTan;)anRbkas[bg;
enAeLIy ¦.
- BinitüemIlbBa¢IsareBIP½NÐ]bkrN_ .
- Binitü nigbBa¢ak;elItaragtulüPaB .
81
mU:DulTI 14³ RbPBcMNUl
14>1> RbPBfvikaxagkñúg nigxageRkA

smaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvEtbegáItR)ak;cMNUl edIm,Ipþl;esva nigerobcMskm~PaBepSg²sMrab;
smaCikxønÜ . smaKmPaKeRcInenARbeTskm<Cú a kMBgu EtCYbkarlM)akeTAelIkarcMNaysMrab;Rbtibtþki ar
rbs;xøÜn. smaKmNaEdlcg;[mankarGPivDÆ nigesßrPaB RtUvEtEsVgrkRbPBfvikaNa Edlman
lMnwg . FnFanhirBaØvtßúTaMgenaH Gac)anmkBIxagkñúg nigBIxageRkA .
RbPBFnFanxagkñúg
- éføsmaCikPaB ¬RbcaMqñaM RbcaMEx¦
- cMNUl)anmkBIskm~PaBCaRbcaMrbs;GgÁPaB dUcCaéføCYleRKOgcRk b¤kéRmeCIgsar)anmk
BIkareFVIBaNiC¢km~ .
- cMNUl)anmkBIesvaEdlpþl;[buKÁlik
- cMNUlBIedImTun nigRTBüsm,tþirbs;GgÁPaB dUcCaéføQñÜlBIGaKar karR)ak;BIkardak;R)ak;snSM
kñúgFnaKar
- cMNUl)anmkBIkarbBa©úHtémøenAkñúgskm~PaBBaNiC¢km~nana
FnFanxageRkA
- kar]btßmÖFnFanBIrdæaPi)al b¤rdæGMNacmUldæan
- karKaMRTKeRmagBIm©as;CMnYyGnþrCati nigGgÁkarGPivDÆnana
- karKaMRTBIGgÁkarGPivDÆmUldæan dUcCa NGOs
- GMeNayBIRkumh‘unÉkCn
FnFanxagkñúgmansar³sMxan;Nas; sRmab;esßrPaByUrGEgVgrbs;smaKm . smaKm Edlman
v½ycMNas; KYrEtGacmanfvikaRKb;RKan; Edl)anmkBIRbPBxagkñúg sMrab;karcMNayeTAelIskm~PaB
sMxan;² . CaTUeTA fvika)anmkBIsmaCikPaB KYrEtmancMnYn 40 PaKryénRbPBxagkñúg nig 60
PaKryeTot )anmkBIéføesvanana nigskm~PaBÉeTot .
vamansar³sMxan;kñúgkarmanRbPBcMNUl[)aneRcIn nigmanGñkCYyKaMRT b¤pþl;mUlniFiepSg²Kña.
karBwgEp¥keTAelIGñkpþl;CMnYyEtmñak; GaceFVI[smaKmCYbkarlM)ak niggayrgeRKaH .
82
mU:DulTI 14³ RbPBcMNUl
14>2> viFIbgðajsmaKmGaCIvkmrbs;Gñk
smaKmEdlcg;Tak;TajGñkpþl;CMnYy RtUvecHbgðajsmaKmGaCIvkm~rbs;xøÜn nigEpnkarsMrab;
GnaKt . CaTUeTA Gñkpþlm; lU niFEi tgcg;dgw GMBBI t½ m’ anCamUldæan GMBsI maKmrbs;Gkñ dUcxageRkamenH ³
- eQ~aHrbs;smaKm
- TsSn³vis½y ebskkm~ nigeKalbMNg
- PaBRsbc,ab; nigB½t’manmYycMnYnsþIBIlkçnþik³rbs;smaKm
- smaCikPaB ¬cMnYn critlkçN³¦
- rcnasm<½n§GgÁPaB ¬KNkm~kar buKÁlik Rkumkargar¦
- esvakm~nana EdlsmaKmpþl;[rbs;smaCikxøÜn
- B½t’manEdlTak;TglMGit ³ Gas½ydæan elxTUrs½BÞ nigTUrsar GIuEm:l KNnIFnaKar
vaGacmansar³sMxan;sMrab;smaKm kñúgkare)aHBum<CakUnesovePAtUc Edlerobrab;GMBIsmaKmxøÜn
ehIyEckcaydl;ral;édKUskþanuBlTaMgLayrbs;GgÁPaB nigsRmab;eKalbMNgTMnak;TnM gsaFarN³ .
karbegáItkarTMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜnCamYyGñktMNagrbs;GgÁPaBpþl;CMnYyTaMgenH k¾CakarsMxan;
pgEdr. karN_enHGacRtUveFVeI LIgedaykarGeBa¢jI BYkeK[mkTsSn³smaKm nigcuHsYrsuxTuksç maCik
mYycMnYn b¤cUlrYmsikçasala nigkic©RbCMuepSg² .
14>3> KMeragsMeNI
Gñkpþl;CMnYyGnþrCati nwgmincab;Garm~N_kñúgkarpþl;CMnYyeTA[smaKmTaMgmUleT b:uEnþeKGac
KaMRTKMeragCak;lak;NamYy ¬dUcCakm~vFi bI NþHú bNþal nigBiBN’BaNiCk¢ m~ ¦ . BYkeKsgÆwmfa smaKm
nwgerobcMKMeragsMeNI EdlmanbBa©Úl ³ eKalbMNg skm~PaBCak;;lak;nana lT§plrMBwgTuk nigFnFan
EdlRtUvkar . smaKmNaEdlcg;Tak;TajmUlniFBi rI aCrdæaPi)al nigPñak;garpþlC; nM yY nana KYrmanKMnti
pþÜcepþIm kñúgkarbBa¢ÚnKMeragsMeNIeTA[eK .
sMeNIsMuKYrdak;bBa©Úl³
- cMNgeCIgrbs;KeRmag ³ qøúHbBa©aMgnUvKMnitsñÚlsMxan;rbs;KeRmag
- karkMNt;bBaða ³ mUlehtucm,g EdlnaM[smaKmGaCIvkm~cg;GnuvtþKeRmagenH
- briyayGMBIsmaKm ³ ebskkm~ smaCikPaB nigskm~PaBnana
- eKalbMNgrbs;KeRmag
83
eKalbMNgTUeTA
eKalbMNgCak;lak; etImanbBaðaGVIxøH EdlKeRmagKYrEtedaHRsay? etIman»kasGVI
EdleKcg;Tajyk?
- RkumeKaledA ³ cMnYnrbs;GñkTTYlpl critlkçN³ l½kçx½NÐsgÁm nigesdækic© eynD½r Gayu
TItaMg kRmitCMnaj nigcMNUl .
- lT§plrMBwgTuk ³ etIKeRmagnwgpþl;RbeyaCn_GVIxøHdl;RbCaBlrdæ EdlCaRkumeKaledA ?
etIeKGacvas;Evgva)antamrebobNa ?
- skm~PaB ³ briyayGMBIskm~PaB EdlnwgRtUverobcMeRkamkargarKeRmagenH
- cMNay):an;s~ansRmab;skm~PaB ³ etIeKRtUvkarfvikab:un~an? etIGgÁPaBmanbdiPaKEdrb¤eT ?
etImanRbPBNaepSgeTotEdrb¤eT?
- GñkNanwgGnuvtþKeRmag ³ edaybuKÁlik b¤Gñks½~RKcitþ? etIeKmanlkçN³sm,tþi nigbT
BiesaFn_GVIxøH?
- cIrPaBrbs;KeRmag ³ etIsmaKmnwgbnþskm~PaBrbs;xøÜn bnÞab;BIcugbBa©b;énKeRmageday
viFINa? ehIyCamYynwgFnFanGVIxøH?
enAeBleFVIkarviPaKsMeNIsMu m©as;CMnYynwgcab;Garm~N_CaBiesselI ³
- bTBiesaFn_rbs;smaKm kñúgkarRKb;RKgKeRmag
- smtßPaBrbs;smaKmsRmab;RKb;RKgKeRmagCak;lak;
- karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúrbs;GgÁPaB tmøaPaB nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GgÁPaB
- \T§iBlrbs;sMeNI eTAelIsmaCik
- cIrPaBrbs;KeRmag ³ etIsmaKmnwgGacbnþKeRmagskm~PaB)an eRkayBIkarpÁt;pÁg;fvikaxag
eRkARtUv)anbBa©b; ?
84
mU:DulTI 15 ³ karcuHbBa¢IsmaKmGaCIvkm~rbs;GñkenAkm<úCa
mU:DulTI 15 ³ karcuHbBa¢IsmaKmGaCIvkm
rbs;GñkenAkm<úCa
15>1> karENnaMrbs;rdæaPi)al
smaKmGaCIvkm~enAkm<úCaGactMkl;Tuklkçnþik³rbs;eK CamYynwgnaykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs
RksYgBaNiC¢km~ . ]bsm<n½§ x CaesovePAENnaM sþIBInItiviFIénkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~
Edl)anerobcMeLIgedayRksYgBaNiC¢km~ . RbkarsMxan;²man ³
Rbkar1³ TTYlrkSatMkl;TukÉksarlkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~nana edIm,IelIkTwkcitþeGaysmaKmeFVI

skm~PaBRbkbedaynirnþPaB RBmTaMgbgáreGaymanlkçN³gayRsYlkñúgkarTMnak;TMngCamYy
sßabn½Bak;B½n§ bNþasmaKmGaCIvkm~kñúgRsuk nig smaKmGaCIvkm~enAelIiBiPBelak.
Rbkar2³ - GaCIvkm~KWral;skm~PaBTaMgLayNaenAkñúgvis½yksikm~ BaNiC¢km~ sib,km~ esvakm~
]sSahkm~ nigbNþaskm~PaBepSgeTot EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; b¤bTbBaØtþiepSg²
- smaKmGaCIvkm~mann½yfa nItibuKÁl rUbvnþ½buKÁl EdlmanGaCIBb¤viC¢aCIv³ dUcKñaehIyRbmUl
pþúMKñabegáItCasmaKmbegáItCasmaKm edIm,IEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_[smaCikrbs;smaKm .
- smaKmGaCIvkm~KWCaGgÁkarÉkraCümYy mincMNuHKN³bkSneya)ay nigeFVIskm~PaB
edIm,ICaplRbeyaCn_dl;smaCikrbs;smaKmenH elImuxsBaØaviC¢aCIv³.
Rbkar3³ ral;sMNMuEbbbTrbs;smaKm EdlRtUverobcMeGaysmRsbeTAtamrUbmnþsmaKmenaH nayk
dæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTsCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;CUn.
Rbkar4³ kñúgkrNImankarEksMrYlelIlkçnþik³ smaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvep£IxøwmsarEdlRtUvEk mknaykdæan
BaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs ya:gyUr30éf¶ bnÞab;BIesckþIsMercénsnñi)atrbs;smaKm edIm,IRksYg
eFVIkarerobcMEkERbCUn.
Rbkar5³ smaKmGaCIvkm~EdlcuHbBa¢IrYcehIy RtUvep¤Ir)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMmkRksYgBaNiC¢km~ eGay
)aneTogTat; edIm,IgayRsYlRksYgBaNiC¢km~manviFankar CYyRTRTg;smaKm.
85
15>2> plRbeyaCn_énkarcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar
karcuHbBa¢ItampøÚvc,ab; RtUvkarcMNayeTAelIkargarrdæ)al rYmman ³ eBlevla Bn§dar nigcMNay
epSg²eTot . elIsBIenHeTAeTot smaKmRtUvmankarGt;F~t;CamYynwgkargarEbbkariyaFibetyü
nigkarrMxanepSg²eTot .
eTaHbICay:agenHkþI karcuHbBa¢Ipþl;plRbeyaCn_mYycMnYn dUcCa ³ karTTYlsÁal;BIrdæaPi)al
sMrab;CaédKUBiPakSa siT§ikñúgkareFVIskm~epSg²ebIRtUvkar mansiT§iebIkKNnIenAFnaKar mansiT§ikñúgkar
Rbtibtþi nigcUlrYmedjéføkñúgnam[smaCik . karcuHbBa¢Ik¾eFVI[smaKmmanfan³enAkñúgsgÁm nig
kareKarBBIshKmn_ nigsmaCikxøÜn . ebIsinCaK~ankarcuHbBa¢I smaKmBi)akTak;TgsuMmUlniFiBIGñk
pþl;CMnYy b¤rdæaPi)al .
86
m:DU lu TI 16 ³ karrIklUtlas; nigvisalPaB
m:DU l
u TI 16 ³ karrIklUtlas; nigvisalPaB
mU:DulenHnwgpþl;nUv]bkrN_mYycMnYnsMrab;karviPaK nigerobcMEpnkaryuT§saRsþ ³
1/ karviPaKEbbsVt
2/ karviPaKGñkBak;B½n§
3/ EpnkaryuT§saRsþ
16>1> viPaKcMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay »kas nigkarKMramkMEhg
karviPaKEbbsVt KwCa]bkrN_mYyd¾l¥sMrab;viPaKsmaKm nigbriyakarrbs;eK . sVtmann½y
facMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay »kas nigkarKMramkMEhg . cMNucxøaMg nigcMNucexSay KWCaktþaxagkñúg
É»kas nigkarKMramkMEhg KWCaktþaxageRkA . karyl;dwgGMBIkarviPaKtamEbbsVt CYy[smaKm
GaCIvkm~ epþatelIcMNucxøaMg nigrkdMeNaHRsaysMrab;cMNucexSay RBmTaMgTajykplRbeyaCn_
d¾RbesIrBI»kas EdleKman .
cMNucxøaMgnigcMNucexSay GacTak;TgenAnwgcMNucCaeRcInenAkñúgsmaKm dUcCasmtßPaB
RKb;RKg sßanPaBhirBaØvtßú KuNPaBesvakm~rbs;smaKm yuT§saRsþsMrab;eFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
b¤mYyk¾ekrþ_eQ~aH rbs;smaKmenAkñúgcMeNamGñkBak;Bn½§rbs;xøÜn .
»kasnigkarKMramkMEhgTaMgLay GacRtUvkMNt;enAkñúgvis½ymYycMnYn . dUcCa ³
- sßanPaBesdækic©TUeTArbs;RbeTs b¤tMbn; ³ karlUtlas; GtiprNa .l.
- sßanPaBneya)aysMxan;²³ sRgÁam GesßrPaBneya)ay RBwtþikarN_enARbeTsCitxag
- plb:HBal;elIkarcMNay EdlbNþalmkBIeRKaHFm~Cati
- c,ab; Bn§Gakr
- »kasTIpSar bBaða b¤ninñakar
- PaBpþac;mux b¤CMhrrwgmaMrbs;GtifiCn b¤GñkpÁt;pÁg;kñúgkareFVIBaNiC¢km~
- kardwkCBa¢Ún ³ ry³cm¶ay nigkarcMNay
- bec©kviTüa
- lT§PaBTTYlR)ak;km©I
87
krNIski Sa³ viPaKcMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay »kas nigkarKMramkMEhgrbs;smaKmsib,krkm<úCa

smaKmsib,km<Cú a )aneFVkI arviPaK SWOT edaymankarcUlrYmBIsmaCikCaeRcIn. xageRkamenHCa
M cu xøagM cMNyu exSay »kas nigkarKMramkMEhg EdlsmaKm)ankMNt;eXIj ³
]TahrN_myY cMnnY GMBcI N
k/ cMNcu xøagM
- karbNþHú bNþalsMrab;smaCikmanKuNPaBx<s;
- EckcayB½tm’ anf~²I nigeFVkI arR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYysmaCik nigGtifCi n
- manlT§PaBlk;plitplrbs;xnÜø enATIpSarGnþrCati
- manlT§PaBTTYl)anB½tm’ anGMBsI kþanuBlGtifCi n
- manekrþe_ Q~aHl¥kgúñ cMeNamGñkpþlC; nM yY
- mankarRKb;RKgl¥ manCMnajl¥² nigmanbuKlÁ ki EdlmankarebþCaJ citþ
- manTMnak;TnM gl¥CamYyPñak;garbs;raCrdæaPi)al
x/ cMncu exSayrbs;smaKmsib,krkm<Cú a
- minTan;)aneFVkI arcuHtamdanelIkarbNþHú bNþalEdl)aneFIrV cY CamYysmaCikEdlenAq¶ay²
- xVHkarCYyKaMRTxagCMnyY bec©keTs EdlsmaCikRtUvkar
- RbBnæB½ t½ m’ anenAminTan;lR¥ Kb;RKan;
K/ »kasrbs;smaKmsib,krkm<Cú a
- RbCaRbiyPaB nigPaBeBjniymrbs;sbi ,km~ EdleFVeI dayédrbs;Ex~r TaMgenATIpSarkñgú Rsuk
k¾dcU CaTIpSarGnþrCati
- KuNPaBénplitplrbs;smaCik mankMrti x<s; dUcenHBYkeKGacRbkYtRbECg)an TaMgenATIpSar
kñgú RsuknigeRkARsuk
- manskþanuBlCaeRcInkñgú karlk; GaRs½yedaysb,úrsFm’rbs;GtifCi n Edlcg;CyY Cn)at;bg;
lTæPaBBlkm~
X/ karKMramkMEhg
- PaBtantwgeTAelIEpñkbriyakasneya)aykñgú RbeTs CMgpW aþ saybkSI nigePrvkm~ GacCH
\TæBi l dl;karhUrcUlrbs;ePJóveTscrN_ EdlCaGtifCi nd¾sxM an;kgúñ karTijplitplrbs;
smaKm
- manKURbKYtRbECgenAkñgú Rsuk
- plitplrbs;RbeTsCitxag mantMélefakCagplitpl EdlplitedaysmaCikrbs;
smaKm
88
vamansarHsMxan;kñúgkarGeBa¢IjRsþICashRKin [cUlrYmenAkñúgkarviPaKcMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay

»kas nigkarKMramkMEhg nigdak;bBa©lÚ TsSn³rbs;BkY . RsþCI aGaCIvkr GacmanbTBiesaFn_GBM kI arKMram
kMEhg nig»kasBIbriyakarGaCIvkm~ xusEbøkBIburs ehIycMNucxusKñaTaMgenH RtUvEteFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMg
enAkñúglT§plénkarviPaK SWOT . RsþIk¾GacmanTsSn³xusBIbursTak;TgeTAnwgcMNucxøaMg nigcMNuc
exSayrbs;smaKm. ]TahrN_ vaGacmansßanPaBxøH Edlburscat;TukfakarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
enAkñúgsmaKmmanPaBl¥RbesIrehIy b:uEnþRsþIyl;favaenAminTan;l¥RKb;RKan;enAeLIy . eKKYrEtyk
cMNucxusEbøkKñaTaMgenH mkdak;enAelItu ehIyeFVIkarviPaK faetIRsþInigburs TTYl)anplRbeyaCn_
RtwmkMritNaBIskm~PaBnanarbs;smaKm.
16>2> karviPaKGñkBak;B½n§
GgÁPaBnigmnusSepSg²Kña mankarcab;Garm~N_tamehtuplepSgKña eTAelInwgskm~PaBrbs;
smaKmGaCIvkm~ . GgÁkar nigmnusSxøHGacmancMNab;Garm~Nd_ cU Kña dUcCakarGPiDÆn_shRKasFuntUc.
b:uEnþGñkepSgGacmancMNab;Garm~N_epSgeTAvij dUcCaeKmincg;[smaKmrIkFMCagenHeTot b¤man
GMNacCag . mnusSb¤GgÁkarTaMgenHeKehAfa :GñkBak;B½n§ : .
karviPaKGñkBak;B½n§ bgðajGMBIGñkBak;B½n§sMxan;² nig)a:n;RbmaN faetIcMNab;Garm~N_rbs;BYkeK
TMngCaman\T§iBlmkelIsmaKmy:agNaxøH .
89
CMhansMrab;viPaKGñkBak;B½n§
1> kMNt;GñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs; ³
- Pñak;garrdæaPi)alTaMgfñak;Cati nigfñak;mUldæan
- Gñkpþl;esvakm~cm,g²mYycMnYn
- shRKasFM²
- smaKmGaCIvkm~epSg²eTot
- GñkpÁt;pÁg;sMxan;²
- GtifiCnFM²
- km~kr nigGgÁkarnieyaCk
- GgÁkarRsþI
- Gñkpþl;CMnYy
- GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al
- sßab½nhirBaØvtßú
2> sMrab;GñkBak;B½n§nimYy² )a:n;RbmaNeTAelIcMNab;Garm~N_ b¤\Ti§Blrbs;BYkeKmkelIsmaKm
- etIeKmancMNab;GVI mkelIsmaKm?
- etIeKGacman\Ti§BlmkelIsmaKm nigsmaCiky:agdUcemþc?
- etIeKmankarrMBwgTukGVIxøHBIsmaKm?
- etIeKGacpþl;GVIxøHdl;smaKm?
- etIeKGacmaneKalbMNgGaf’kM)aMgNamYy Edrb¤eT?
16>3> EpnkaryuT§saRsþ
EpnkaryuT§saRsþ KWCakardak;bBa©ÚlKñaTaMgeKalbMNg nigskm~PaBnana EdlGgÁPaBmYycg;
Gnuvtþ ¬enAkñúgry³eBlkMNt;mYy dUcCa1-3qñaM¦ ehIynigviFIEdlEpnkarenHeqøIytbeTAnwgl½kçx½NÐ
l¥ nigGaRkk;nana EdlRtUvRbQmmux .
EpnkaryuT§saRsþRKbdNþb;elIral;skm~PaBrbs;smaKm minfasmaKm)anmUlniFiBIRbPB
xønÜ Ég b¤xageRkA . sRmab;skm~PaBxøH smaKmGaccg;Tak;TajmUlniFBi xI ageRkA ehIynwgRtUvkarerobcM
sMeNIsMueTAm©as;CMnYy .
critlkçN³rbs;EpnkaryuT§saRsþEdll¥ ³
- RtUv)anENnaMedayRbeyaKebskm~rbs;smaKm
- cMnuccab;epþImrbs;va KWGtßRbeyaCn_ tRmUvkar nigGaTiPaBrbs;smaCik . enAkñúgGgÁPaB Edl
manTMhMtUc vagayRsYlkñúgkarTTYlykKMnitrbs;smaCik sþIBIEpnkaryuT§saRsþenH .
90
enAkñúgGgÁkarFM² dMeNIrkarBieRKaHeyabl;d¾eBjeljmYy KWCakarcaM)ac; .

- EpnkaryuT§saRsþenH Ep¥kelIkarviPaKbriyakasenAkñúgRbtibtþikarrbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~
CaBiess elIkarKMramkMEhg nig»kascm,grbs;smaKm .
- yuTs§ aRsþenHRtUverobcMcat;GaTiPaB[c,as;las;sRmab;smaKm . kñgú krNIxHø vanwgmansarH-
sMxan;es~IKña kñúgkarbBa¢ak;nUvGVI EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~ minbRmugnwgGnuvtþ .
- erobrab;rcnasm½<n§ nigFnFanBitR)akd rYmmanFnFanhirBaØvtßú FnFanmnusS nigFnFan
bEnßmepSg²eTot EdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~manEpnkarykmkeRbIR)as; tRmUvkarFnFan KYrEt
smRsbeTA nwglT§PaBEdlmanRsab; .
- EpnkarenHKYrbBa¢ak;[)anc,as; niggayyl; edIm,I[smaCiknigGñkBak;B½n§TaMgGs; Gacyk
eTAeFVIkarBiPakSa .
EpnkaryuT§saRsþRtUvEtGaceqøIytbnwgsMNYrdUcteTA ³
- etIsmaKmmaneKalbMNgGVIxøH?
- etIsmaKmcg;sMerc)anlT§plGVIxøH enAqñaMxagmuxenH?
- etIRtUvGnuvtþskm~PaBGVIxøH edIm,IeFVI[BitR)akdfa smaKmnwgsMerc)annUveKaledArbs;eK?
- etIGñkNanwgTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_?
- etIskm~PaBnwgRtUvGnuvtþenATINa? ¬kMNt;eBlevla[)anc,as;las; ¦
- etIGñkNanwgTTYlxusRtUveTAelIskm~PaBnimYy²?
- etIkarrIkcMerInnwgRtUvvas;Evg nigRtYtBinitüedayviFINa? etIGVIeTACaeKalKnøwH b¤lkçN³vinicä½y
kargar?
CMhanepSg²sMrab;erobcMEpnkaryuT§saRsþ ³
1> karerobcM
- kt;RtanUvkgVl;sMxan;²rbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~ EdlRtUvykmkBicarNaenAkñúgkareFVIEpnkar
- eRCIserIsKN³km~kardwknaM nigkMNt;faetImanRtUvkarCMnYyBIxageRkAEdrb¤eT
- eRKagdMeNIrkareFVIEpnkar
- CMruj[manebþCJacitþBIsmaCik nigGñkdwknaM sRmab;dMeNIrkarbnþEpnkar
2> karviPaK
- dak;bBa©ÚlKñanUvB½t’manGMBIRbvtþisMxan;²rbs;smaKm
- BinitüsßanPaBBImun bc©úb,nñ nigGnaKt rYmmanbriyakas nigGñkBak;B½n§
- kMNt;bBaðaKnøwH nigCeRmIsepSg²
3> begáItTisedA
- begáItTsSn³vis½yrbs;GgÁPaB enAeBlGnaKt
91
- kMNt;faetIRtUvnaMGgÁPaBeq<aHeTAmux naeBlGnaKtenHedayrebobNa?
- begáItBRgagEpnkardMbUg
4> RtYtBinitüeLIgvij nigGnum½tEpnkar
- karRtYtBinitüeLIgvij nigeFIV[Epnkar)anRbesIreLIg
- Gnum½tEpnkar ¬mhasnñi)at¦
5> Gnuvtþ nigRtYtBinitüEpnkar
- GnuvtþEpnkar
- RtYtBinitüPaBeCOnelOn
- eFVIkarføwgEføg
- erobcMEktMrUvEpnkar[Tan;eBlevlayUr²mþg
92
]bsm<½n§ k ³ lkçnþik³smaKm]sSahkm~tUc nig mFümPñMeBj
]bsm½<n§ k ³ lkçnþik³smaKm]sSahkmtUc nig mFümPñMeBj

CMBUk I
eKalbMNg
Rbkar 1 ³ smaKm]sSahkm~tUc nigmFümPñMeBj Edl)anbegáIteLIgenH CaGgÁkarÉkraCü
mYymincMNuHKN³bkSneya)ay nigeFVIskm~PaBedIm,ICaplRbeyaCn_dl;smaCik
rbs;smaKm .
Rbkar 2 ³ smaKmmaneKaledARbmUlpþúMplitkr ]sSahkr nigsib,krTaMgGs;kñúgraCFanI
PñMeBjeday minRbkan;ninñakarneya)ayGVIeLIy .
Rbkar 3 ³ smaKm]sSahkm~tUcnigmFümenH eFVIskm~PaBelIEpñk]sSahkm~ sib,km~
TaMgGs;kñúgTUTaMgraCFanIPñMeBj .
Rbkar 4 ³ smaKmenH manRbtibtþikarCaGciéRnþy_ edayK~ankarkMNt;kalbriecäT .
CMBUk II
namkrN_ Gas½ydæan
Rbkar 5 ³ smaKmmaneQ~aHfa ³ smaKm]sSahkm~tUc nig mFümPñMeBj
- maneQ~aHCaPasaGg;eKøs Phnom Penh Small and Medium Industry
Association
- sresrkat;CaGkSrEx~r {s]P} sresrkat;CaGkSrGg;eKøs "PSMIA"
- Gas½ydæanelx552-556 pøÚvCatielx2 sgáat;cak;GERgelI xNÐmanC½y
raCFanIPñMeBj .
- eQ~aH nig Gas½ydæan Gacpøas;bþÚr)anGaRs½yedayRkumRbwkSaPi)alsmaKm
CaGñksMerc
CMBUk III
Parkic©rbs;smaKm
Rbkar 6 ³ smaKmmanParkic©dUcxageRkam ÷
- RbmUlbNþaplitkr ]sSahkr sib,kr eGaymankarsamKÁIÉkPaBKña kñúg
skm~PaB plitkm~ GaCIvkm~ Fana)annUvesßrPaB nigkarrIkcMerIndl;sgÁm .
- BRgIkkic©shkarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk kñúgdMeNIrkarplitkm~ GaCIvkm~ nigbMeBj
nUvtYnaTI CaGñkpSaP¢ab;rvagTIpSar nigplitkm~ .
93
- begáInTMnak;TMngCitsñiT§CamYysßab½nCMnajBak;B½n§ GgÁkarnanakñúgkarbgálkçN³
gayRsYl nigelIkTwkcitþkarGPivDÆn_plitkm~RKb;vis½yeGaymankarrIkcMerIn .
- begáInsmtßPaBdl;shRKasplitkm~ ]sSahkm~ sib,km~TaMgGs;cUlrYmRbkYt
RbECg CamYybNþaRbeTsCitxag nigsklelak .
- EckrMElkKñanUvB½t’manTIpSar nigB½t’manbec©kviTüa ecjpSayÉksar nigRBwtþib½Rt
epSg² EdlTak;Tgdl;skm~PaBnanarbs;smaKm .
- esñeI yabl;dl;raCrdæaPi)al kñgú karbegátI eKalneya)aysmRsb sMrab;karGPivDÆn_
plitkm~ GaCIvkm~ ]sSahkm~ sib,km~ .
- CYypþl;kargardl;RbCaBlrdæ .
- tMNageGaysmaCikRKb;rUb kñúgkarkarBarnUvsiT§iRbeyaCn_elImUldæanc,ab;
rbs;rdæ .
CMBUk IV
smaCikPaB
Rbkar 7 ³ smaCikPaBsmaKm ebIkTUlaycMeBaHrUbv½nþbuKÁl b¤nItibuKÁl EdlCashRKas
plitkm~ plitkr ]sSahkr sib,kr kñúgTUTaMgraCFanIPñMeBj .
smaCikPaBénsmaKm man4RbePT³
- smaCik sßabnik
- smaCik kitþiys
- smaCik skm~
- smaCik samBaØ
1- smaCiksßabnik CasmaCikskm~ EdlCaGñk)anpþÜcepþImbegáItsmaKm nigksag
lkçnþik³rbs;smaKm .
2- smaCikkitþiys CaGñkEdl)anpþl;viPaKTanCafvikab¤CasMPar³pÞal;xøÜnCaKuN
RbeyaCn_ sMrab;smaKm EdlmanTwkR)ak;cab;BI 500>000erol eLIgeTAkñúg
mYyqñaM .
3- smaCikskm~ KWCasmaCikEdlcUlrYmeFVIskm~PaBTUeTAkñúgsmaKm ehIyCaGñk
s~½RKcitþbg;R)ak; cMnYn 20>000erol b¤elIsBIenHkñúgmYyEx .
4- smaCiksamBaØ CasmaCikEdlcUlrYmkñúgskm~PaBRtwmEtCaGñksegátkarN_
ehIybg;viPaKTan CUnsmaKmtamkars~½RKcitþ .
5- ral;ntI bi Ku lÁ b¤rbU v½nbþ Ku lÁ EdlmanbMNgcg;clU CasmaCiksmaKm RtUvdak;Bakü
suMcUl tamEbbbTEdlmankMNt;kñúgbTbBa¢aépÞkñúgrbs;smaKm .
94
Rbkar 8 ³ smaCikTaMgGs;rbs;smaKm nwg)at;smaCikPaBrbs;xøÜneday ÷

- karlaQb; b¤
- mrN³PaB b¤
- esckþIsMercBIGgÁRbCuMRkumRbwkSaPi)al edaymtiPaKeRcInelIsBak;kNþal .
smaCikRtUveKbeNþjecj mansiTki§ gúñ karbþgw eTAtulakar ebIxnÜø yl;fakarbeNþj
ecjenHBuMRtwmRtUvtamc,ab; .
CMBUk V
siT§i nig karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;smaCikPaB
Rbkar 9 ³ smaCikTaMgGs;mansiT§i ÷
- cUlrYmRbCuMrbs;smaKm tamlixitGeBa¢Ijrbs;smaKm .
- cUlrYmkñúgskm~PaBrbs;smaKm tamkarkMNt;rbs;snñi)at .
- eFVIKMeragEpnkarc,as;las;rbs;xøÜn nigmUldæanxøÜn ehIybBa¢ÚnmksmaKm .
Rbkar 10 ³ manEtsmaCikskm~eT EdlmansiT§iQreQ~aHeGayeKe)aHeqñat nige)aHeqñateRCIs
taMgRkumRbwkSaPi)al .
Rbkar 11 ³ karTTYlxusRtUv nigkatBVkci r© bs;smaCik KWeKarBGnuvtþtamesckþsI eM rcrbs;snñ)i at
smaKm .
CMBUk VI
GMBIsnñi)at
Rbkar 12 ³ smaKmRtUv)andwknaMedayGgÁsnñi)at GgÁsnñi)atmansnñi)atsamBaØ nigsnñi)at
visamBaØ . smasPaBénGgÁsnñi)atman smaCikskm~ smaCikkitþiys smaCik
sßabnikTaMgGs; tMNagGgÁPaBrdæ)alBak;B½n§ nigsmaCiksamBaØ EdlTTYlkar
GeBa¢IjBIRkumRbwkSaPi)al . smaCiktMNagGgÁPaBrdæ)al smaCikdéTeTot
eRkABIsmaCikskm~ EdlRtUvGeBa¢IjeGaycUlrYm mansMelgpþl;eyabl;b:ueNÑaH .
Rbkar 13 ³ GgÁsnñi)at manParkic©dUcteTA ÷
- eRCIserIsRkumRbwkSaPi)alsmaKm .
- Binitü nigGnum½tfvikaRbcaMqñaMrbs;smaKm .
- bUksrubkargarknøgmk nigerobcMeKalneya)aykm~viFIGPivDÆn_smaKm .
- ral;esckþIsMercTaMgLayrbs;GgÁsnñi)at RbFansmaKmTTYlbnÞúkykeTA
Gnuvtþ .
Rbkar 14 ³ rebobRbCuMsnñi)at
- snñi)atsamBaØ RtUvRbCuMmYyqñaMmþg tamkarekaHGeBa¢Ijrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al .
- ebImankarcaM)ac; RbFansmaKmesñIRbCuMsnñi)atvisamBaØbEnßmeTot .
95
- RbFansmaKmRtUvpþl;dl;smaCikTaMgGs; nUvrebobvar³eGay)an7éf¶muneBl
ebIksnñi)at
- GgÁsnñi)atRtUvdwknaMedayRbFansmaKm b¤GñkCMnYsEdlmanzan³x<s;bnÞab;
kñúgkrNIRbFanGvtþmanGnuRbFanGacdwknaMedaysmaCikRkumRbwkSa Edlman
GayueRcInCageK .
- kUr:Umrbs;GgÁsnñi)at tMrUveGaymanvtþmansmaCiksnñi)at50PaKry bUk01 én
smaCikrbs;smaKm .
- ebIsinkUr:UmminRKb;tamkMNt;xagelIeT RbFansmaKmRtUvekaHRbCuMCaelIkTIBIr
enAry³eBl7 éf¶eRkay ehIykUr:UmEdlRtUvkMNt;KW 1PaK3éncMnYnsmaCik
rbs;smaKm .
- krNIkrU mU: minRKb;cnM nY eTot RkumRbwkSaPi)alRtUvekaHRbCuCM aelIkTIbI enAry³eBl
3éf¶ eRkay ehIykarRbCuMelIkenH BuMcaM)ac;KitkUr:UmeT .
Rbkar 15 ³ esckþIsMercrbs;GgÁsnñi)at
- RtUvyktamsMelgPaKeRcInénsmaCikvtþman kñúgkrNImansMelges~IKñasMelg
xagRbFancat;TukCa)ankar .
- esckþIsMercrbs;snñi)at RtUvkt;RtacUlkMNt;ehtuRtwmRtUv .
- karpSBVpSayB½t’mansþIBIsnñi)at RtUvmankarGnuBaØatiBIRbFansmaKm .
CMBUk VII
RkumRbwkSaPi)al
Rbkar 16 ³ RkumRbwkSaPi)alsmaKm mansmasPaBy:agtic5nak; y:ageRcIn25nak; RkumRbwkSa-
Pi)al dwknaMeday ÷
1- RbFan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 01 rUb
2- GnuRbFan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 01 rUb b¤eRcIn
3- elxaFikar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 01 rUb b¤eRcIn
4- hirBaØwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 01 rUb
5- hirBaØwkrg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 01 rUb
- smaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)al RtUv)ansnñi)ateRCIstaMgeLIgsMrab; 03qñaMmþg .
- smaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)alcas; GacQreQ~aHeGayeKeRCIserIsCaf~IeTot)an .
- smasPaBRkumRbwkSaPi)al )anmkBIkare)aHeqñatCaskl nigsm¶at;rbs;GgÁ
snñi)at . smasPaBRkumRbwkSaEdlRtUvCab;CaRbFan/ GnuRbFan/ elxaFikar/
hirBaØwk/ smaCik/ KWGnuelameTAtamsMelgeqñateRcInbnþbnÞab; edayELk
cMeBaHebkçCnCaRbFan ebITTYl)ansMelgeqñates~IKña RtUveRCIserIsykGñkEdl
manGayueRcInCaeKeFVICaRbFan nigGayuticCag eFVICaGnuRbFan .
96
Rbkar 17 ³ ebIyl;eXIjfaCakarcaM)ac; RkumRbwkSaPi)al GacbegáItKN³km~kar 01 b¤eRcIn

edIm,IbMeBjParkic©epSg²kñúgnamsmaKm . smaCikKN³km~kar RtUveRCIserIskñúg
cMeNamsmaCikrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al . RbFanKN³km~kar RtUveRCIserIskñúg
cMeNamsmaCikKN³km~kareday RkumRbwkSaPi)al.
Rbkar 18 ³ muxgarrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al
k-RbFan³
- RbFansmaKmTTYlxusRtUvdwknaMral;kargarTaMgGs;rbs;smaKm .
x- GnuRbFan³
- GnuRbFansmaKmCaCMnyY kareGayRbFan ehIyTTYlxusRtUvCYsRbFan enAeBl
RbFan Gvtþman b¤)at;bg;smaCikPaB .
K-hirBaØwk³
- hirBaØwkCaGñkRbmUlfvikaTaMgGs;sMrab;smaKm nigEfrkSanUvral;Éksar
hirBaØvtßú .
X-elxaFikar³
- elxaFikar CaGñkTTYlbnÞúkkic©karrdæ)al nigCaelxaFikareGaysmaKm .
Rbkar 19 ³ Parkic©rbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al
- erobcMsnñi)at kMNt;rebobvar³ eBlevla TIkEnøg .
- eFVIr)aykarN_ GMBIskm~PaBkargarCUnGgÁsnñi)at .
- eFVIkMNt;ehtuénGgÁsnñi)at .
- Gnuvtþral;esckþIsMercrbs;GgÁsnñi)at .
- GnuvtþkargaredayminykR)ak;ebovtSr_ .
- edaHRsaykargarRbcaMéf¶rbs;smaKm .
Rbkar 20 ³ RkumRbwkSaPi)alRtUvRbCuMkargarkñúg 3Exmþg tamkarekaHGeBa¢Ijrbs;RbFan .
rebobrbbRbCuMRkumRbwkSaPi)al kMNt;kñúgbTbBa¢aépÞkñúgrbs;smaKm .
CMBUk VIII
fvika nig RbPBFnFan
Rbkar 21 ³ fvika nigRbPBFnFansmaKm )anmkBI ÷
- viPaKTanrbs;smaCik .
- CMnYy b¤GMeNayrbs;sb,úrsCn b¤GgÁkarnana TaMgkúñg nigeRkARbeTs .
- kMérepSg² Edl)anmkBIIesvarbs;smaKm .
Rbkar 22 ³ ral;karcMNayEdlCaplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaKm RtUvmankarGnuBaØatiBIRbFan
smaKm .
97
CMBUk IX
karEkERblkçnþik³ karrMsay nigCMrHbBa¢I
Rbkar 23 ³ lkçnkiþ ³enHGacEkERb)an luHRtaEtmansmaCikcUlrYmsnñ)i atyl;RBmedaysMelg
PaKeRcIn 50PaKry bUk01 . sMeNIEkERblkçnþik³ RtUveFVIeLIgedaysmaCik
y:agtic 25PaKryénsmaCikeRCIstaMg ehIysMeNIenHRtUvdak;CUnRkumRbwkSaPi)al
mYyExmunsnñi)at .
Rbkar 24 ³ GVIEdlminmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³enHGacRtUvbMeBj nigbBa¢ak;bEnßmkñúgbTbBa¢aépÞkñúg
rbs;smaKm .
Rbkar 25 ³ RbsinebIRkumRbwkSaPi)alyl;eXIjfa smaKmenHminGacRbRBwtþieTA)aneTot
RkumRbwkSaPi)al RtUvekaHsnñi)atvisamBaØ edIm,I ÷
- e)aHeqñatrMsaysmaKm .
- begáItKN³km~kar CMrHbBa¢Icln³RTBü nigGcln³RTBürbs;smaKmenH .
esckþsI eM rcsþBI kI arrMsaysmaKm GaRs½yedaysMelgKaMRT2PaK3énsmaCikvtþman .
CMBUk X
Gvsanb,BaØtþi
Rbkar 26 ³ smaCikTaMgGs;rbs;smaKm RtUveKarBdac;xatnUvlkçnþik³ nigbTbBa¢aépÞkñúg
rbs;smaKm.
Rbkar 27 ³ smaCikRKb;Can;fñak;rbs;smaKm RtUveKarBy:agx¢ab;x¢ÜnrdæFm~nuBaØénRBHraCaNa-
cRkkm<úCa bTbBaØtþi nigbTbBa¢arbs;raCrdæaPi)al rYmTaMgc,ab;GnþrCatinana .
eFVIenAPñMeBj/ éf¶TI 22 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2003

RbFansmaKm
ehg h‘ag
98
]bsm½<n§ x ³ bTbBa¢anignItiviFInana edIm,IbegáItsmaKmkñúgRbeTskm<úCa

GarmÖkfa
eyagtamkarENnaMrbs;Ék]tþmrdæmRnþIRksYgBaNiC¢km~ naykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs )ane)aH
Bum<esovePAENnaMsþIBInItiviFIénkartMkl;Tuklkçniþk³smaKmGaCIvkm~enHeLIg edIm,IbgánUvlkçN³
gayRsYldl;bNþaGaCIvkr esvakr sib,kr plitkr k¾dUcCasmaKmGaCIvkm~epSg² EdlbegáIt
ehIykñúgkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmCapøÚvkarenARksYgBaNiC¢km~ .
kare)aHBum<enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg kñúgeKalbMNgpþl;nUvesckþIENnaMGMBInItiviFI EdlTak;Tindl;
kartMkl;TuknUvlkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~nana .
ehIyxJúMsgÇwmfa esovePAenHnwgmansar³RbeyaCn_ CaCMnYys~artIcMeBaHGaCIvkr esvakr sib,kr
plitkr ksikr enATUTaMgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa edIm,IbegáItsmaKmrbs;xøÜn[manPaBRsbc,ab; .
yI Kwmesg
RbFannaykdæanBaNiC¢kmkñúgRbeTs
matika
CMBUk I Rbkas
CMBUk II esckþIENnaM
CMBUk III esckþIENnaMcMeBaHsmaKmEdlbegáItehIy
CMBUk IV KMrUkMNt;ehtuGgÁsnñi)at
CMBUk V KMrUlkçnþik³
CMBUk VI TMrg;EbbbTénkardak;BaküsuM
CMBUk VII lixitGnuBaØat
CMBUk VIII esckþIENnaMsegçbcMeBaHextþ-Rkug
99
CMBUk I
Rbkas
sþIBIkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm
===========
rdæmRnþIRksYgBaNiC¢km
- )aneXIjrdæFm~nuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
- )aneXIjRBHraCRkwtüelx ns¼rkt 1198¼69cuH éf¶TI 25 ExvicäikaqñaM 1998 sþIBIcat;taMg
naykrdæmRnþI énraCrdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
- )aneXIjRBHraCRkwtüelx ns¼rkt 1198¼72 cuHéf¶TI30 Exviciäka qñaM1998 sþIBIkar
EtgtaMgraCrdæaPi)alénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
- )aneXIjRBHraCRkmelx 02 ns>rkt 94 cuHéf¶TI 20 Exkkáda qñaM1994 sþIBIkarerobcM
nigkarRbRBwtþieTAénKN³rdæmRnþI
- )aneXIjRBHraCRkmelx ns>rkm 0196¼16 cuHéf¶TI 24 Ex mkra qñaM1996 sþIBIkarbegáIt
RksYgBaNiC¢km~
- )aneXIjGnuRkitüelx 54 GnRk>bk cuHéf¶TI 22 ExkBaØa qñaM1997 sþIBIkarerobcM nigRbRBwtþ
eTArbs;RksYgBaNiC¢km~
- eyagtamkarcaM)ac;rbs;RksYgBaNiC¢km~
sMerc
Rbkar1³ TTYlrkSatMkl;TukÉksarlkçnþik³rbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~nana edIm,IelIkTwkcitþeGaysmaKmKm
eFVIskm~PaBRbkbedaynirnþPaB RBmTaMgbgáreGaymanlkçN³gayRsYl kñúgkarTMnak;TMng
CamYysßab½nBak;B½n§ bNþasmaKmGaCIvkm~kñúgRsuk nigsmaKmGaCIvkm~enAelIiBiPBelak.
Rbkar2³ - GaCIvkm~KWral;skm~PaBTaMgLayNaenAkñúgvis½yksikm~ BaNiC¢km~ sib,km~ esvakm~
]sSahkm~ nigbNþaskm~PaBepSgeTot EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; b¤bTbBaØtþiepSg²
- smaKmGaCIvkm~mann½yfa nItibuKÁl rUbv½nþbuKÁl EdlmanGaCIBb¤viC¢aCIv³dUcKña ehIy
RbmUlpþúMKña begáItCasmaKmbegáItCasmaKm edIm,IEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_eGaysmaCik
rbs;smaKm
- smaKmGaCIvkm~KCW aGgÁkarÉkraCümYy mincMNHu KN³bkSneya)ay nigeFVsI km~PaB edIm,ICa
plRbeyaCn_dl;smaCikrbs;smaKmenH elImuxsBaØaviC¢aCIv³.
Rbkar3³ ral;sMNMuEbbbTrbs;smaKm EdlRtUverobcMeGaysmRsbeTAtamrUbmnþsmaKmenaH nayk-
dæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTsCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;CUn.
100
Rbkar4³ kñúgkrNImankarEksMrYlelIlkçnþik³ smaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvepJIrxøwmsar EdlRtUvEk mknaykdæan

BaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs y:agyUr30éf¶ bnÞab;BIesckþIsMercénsnñi)anrbs;smaKm edIm,IRksYgeFVI
karerobcMEkERbCUn .
Rbkar5³ smaKmGaCIvkm~EdlcuHbBa¢IrYcehIy RtUvep¤Ir)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMmkRksYgBaNiC¢km~eGay)an
eTogTat; edIm,IgayRsYlRksYgBaNiC¢km~manviFankar CYyRTRTg;smaKm.
Rbkar6³ naykxuTÞkarl½y GKÁnaykdæanbec©keTs GKÁnaykdæanrdæ)al nighirBaØvtßú GKÁaFikardæan mnÞIr
BaNiC¢km~extþRkug nigbNþasmaKmGaCIvkm~enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RtUvGnuvtþesckþI
RbkasenH eGaymanRbsiT§iPaBcab;BIéf¶cuHhtßelxateTA.
rdæmRnþI
htßelxanigRta
cm RbsiT§
101
CMBUk II
esckþIENnaM
sþIBInItiviFIénkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm
==============
eyag³ Rbkaselx 267 BN>kbTRbk cuHéf¶TI 21 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2000 sþIBIkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³
smaKmGaCIvkm~.
ry³eBlknøgmk RksYgBaNiC¢km~)ankt;sMKal;eXIjfa³ manGaCIvkr esvakr sib,kr plitkr
ksikrCaeRcIneFVIskm~PaBGaCIvkm~ edayminTan;RbmUlpþMú nigmYycMnYneTot)anRbmUlpþMúehIy Et
minTan;beM BjlkçN³eGay)anRsbc,ab;enAeLIy EdlCaehtueFVeI GayraCrdæaPi)almankarlM)akkñgú
karerobcMKMeragCYytMrg;TisedA nigRTRTg;eGaymannirnþPaBRsbeTAtamcrnþénTIpSar . edIm,IelIkTwk
citþeGaybNþaGaCIvkr esvakr sib,kr plitkr ksikr eFVIskm~PaBRbkbeTAedaynirnþPaB
RBmTaMgbgáeGaymanlkçN³gayRsYl kñúgkarTMnak;TMngCamYysßab½nBak;B½n§ bNþasmaKmGaCIvkm~
edIm,Iri³rknigbgálkçN³gayRsYlrkRbPBhirBaØvtßúBIsßab½npÁt;pÁg;hirBaØvtßúnana . RksYgBaNiC¢km~
)anecjRbkaselx 267 BN kbT Rbk cuHéf¶TI21-09-2000 sþIBIkarTTYltMkl;Tuklkçnþik³
smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgenH nigcat;taMgeGaynaykdæanBaNiCk¢ m~kgúñ RbeTs TTYlbnÞkú GnuvtþkargarenH .
dUecñHRksYgsUmeFVIkarENnaMbMeBjEbbbTmYycMnYndUcteTA ³
1-cab;BéI f¶CnU dMNgw enHeTA RksYgBaNiCk¢ m~ ¬naykdæanBaNiCk¢ m~kgúñ RbeTs¦ nwgTTYlrkSatMkl;
Tuklkçnþik³rbs;smaKmGaCIvkm~nana .
2-esckþICUndMNwgenH manvisalPaBGnuvtþeTAelIsmaKmGaCIvkm~ EdltMNageGayskm~PaB
GaCIvkm~enAkñúgvis½yksikm~ esvakm~ ksi-]sSahkm~ ]sSah-BaNiC¢ esvakm~ nigral;
skm~PaBepSg²eTot EdlTajykplcMeNj .
3-smaKmGaCIvkm~Edlcat;TukfaRsbc,ab;)an luHRtaEtsmaKmenaH)antMkl;TuknUvlkçnþik³
rbs;xøÜn enAnaykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTsénRksYgBaNiC¢km~.
4-ral;sMNuMlixitepSg²rYmTaMglkçnþik³smaKmpg RtUveFVIeLIgCaPasaEx~rcMnYnbIc,ab;. mYy
c,ab;RtUvrkSaTukenAnaykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs mYyc,ab;eTotepJIrCUnGaCJaFrEdndI
nigmYyc,ab;eTottMkl;TukenAsmaKm .
5-RksYgBaNiC¢km~ nwgpþl;CUnnUvviBaØabnb½RtmYyc,ab;CUndl;smaKmGaCIvkm~ eRkayeBlEdl
smaKmenH)anbMeBjEbbbTtMkl;Tuklkçnþik³ nig)anBinitüfaRtwmRtUvedaymRnþICMnajrYc
ehIy .
6-mnÞIrBaNiC¢km~extþ-RkugmanPar³kic©eFVIkarENnaMGMBIsar³RbeyaCn_ énkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³
smaKmGaCIvkm~ bBa¢ak;GBM TI tI aMgsmaKm nigerobcMsNM EMu bbbTbBa¢nÚ mknaykdæanBaNiCk¢ m~
kñúgRbeTs .
102
7-lkçnþik³nigBaküsuMtMkl;TukÉksarsmaKmGaCIvkm~ RksYgBaNiC¢km~ ¬naykdæanBaNiC¢km~

kñúgRbeTs¦ CaGñkpþl;CUn .
TTYl)anesckþIENnaMenH RksYgsgÇwmnwgeCOCak;fa Gñk]BaaJ: elak elakRsI RbFansmaKm
EdlmanlkçN³dUckñúgcMnuc2 Edl)anbegáItrYcehIy nigkMBugerobcMbegáItf~I nigxitxMGnuvtþtamRbkas
nigesckþIENnaMenHeGaymanRbsiT§iPaBx<s; .
C>rdæmRnþÍ
rdæelxaFikar
htßelxanigRta
suk sIupan;Na
103
CMBUk III
rdæmRnþI RksYgBaNiC¢km
CMrabmk
Gñk]kBaØa: elak-elakRsI RbFansmaKmGaCIvkm
eyag³ - Rbkaselx 267 BN>kbT Rbk cuHéf¶TI 21 ExkBaØa qñaM 2000 sþIBIkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³
smaKmGaCIvkm~ .
- esckþIENnaMelx 3560 BN> kbT Rbk cuHEf¶TI 10 Extula qñaM 2000 sþIBInItiviFIénkar
tMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~ .
kñúgeKalbMNgedIm,IelIkTwkcitþeGaybNþaGaCIvkr esvakr sib,kr plitkr ksikr eFVIskm~
PaBeGaymanlkçN³RbmUlpþúM nigRbkbeTAedaynirnþPaB ehIymanlkçN³gayRsYlkñúgkarTMnak;-
TMngCamYysßab½nBak;B½n§ nigbgálkçNgayRsYlrkRbPBhirBaØvtßúBIsßab½npÁt;pÁg;hirBaØvtßúnanaenaH
RksYgBaNiC¢km~k¾)aneFVIesckþIRbkaselx 267 BNkbTRbk nigesckþIENnaMsþIBInItiviFIénkar
tMkl;Tuklkçnþik³ smaKmGaCIvkm~rYcehIy .
GaRs½yehtuenH sUmGñk]kBaJa: elak-elakRsI EdlCaRbFansmaKmGaCIvkm~ Edl)anbegáIt
rYcehIy GeBa¢IjmkcuHeQ~aHtMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmrbs;xøÜn enAnaykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs
eGay)anrYsran; edIm,ITTYlyknUvPaBRsbc,ab; kñúgdMeNIrkarRbtibtiþénskm~PaBsmaKm .
RksYgsgÇwmnwgeCOCak;faGñk]kBaaJ: elak-elakRsIRbFansmaKmGaCIvkm~ Edl)anbegáItrYc
ehIy nigxitxMGnuvtþtamesckþICUndMNwgenHeGaymanRbsiT§iPaBx<s; .
C>rdæmRnþI
rdæelxaFikar
htßelxanigRta
suk sIupan;Na
104
CMBUk IV
KMrUkMNt;ehtuGgÁsnñi)at
qñaMBIrBan;R)aMmYy Ex >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> éf¶TI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> evlaem:ag >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> enAPUmi
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> manebIknUvsn~ñi)atmYysþIBIkarrYmKMnitKñabegáItsmaKm
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> nigeRCIserIsRkumRbwkSaPi)alEdlrYmman
RbFan GnuRbFan hirBaØik elxaFikar edaymankarcUlrYmBIsmaCik smaCikar .
cUlrYmCakitþiysenA»kasenHman mRnþImnÞIrBaNiC¢km~-mRnþIGaCJaFrEdndIdUcCa ³
- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mkBI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mkBI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mkBI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
nigsmasPaBsmaCik smaKmEdlmanP¢ab;kñúgtaragxageRkay .
Cabzm tMNagmnÞIrBaNiC¢km~extþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> )anelIkeLIgnUvsarHsMxan;énkarbegáIt
smaKmEdlGacTTYl)annUvplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaCikxøÜn TaMgkarbgábegáInpl TaMgkarrkTIpSar
lk;dUr ehIyGacTMnak;TMngnwgsßab½nhirBaØvtßú dUcCaFnaKarepSg² edIm,IbgáTunénsmaCikrbs;xøÜn
CaedIm .
bnÞab;BI)ankarpøas;bþÚreyabl;Kñay:agyUr GgÁRbCMusMerceRCIserIssmaCikcMnYn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> nak;
kñúgcMenamGñkmkcUlrYmEdlCasmaCikskm~ ehIymanlT§PaByl;dwgeTAelIc,ab;eKalkarN_
epSg²Kñarbs;rdæ eGayQreQ~aHCasmaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)al.
cMENkÉlT§plénkare)aHeqñateRCIserIsRkumRbwkSaPi)almandUcxageRkam ³
1- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> TTYl)ansMelgeqñat >>>>>>>>>>> sMelgRtUv)anEtgtaMgCaRbFan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
2- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> TTYl)ansMelgeqñat >>>>>>>>>>> sMelgRtUv)anEtgtaMgCaGnuRbFan >>>>>>>>>>>>
3- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> TTYl)ansMelgeqñat >>>>>>>>>>> sMelgRtUv)anEtgtaMgCaGnuRbFan >>>>>>>>>>>>
4- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> TTYl)ansMelgeqñat >>>>>>>>>>> sMelgRtUv)anEtgtaMgCaelxaFikar >>>>>>>>>>>
5- elak >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> TTYl)ansMelgeqñat >>>>>>>>>>> sMelgRtUv)anEtgtaMgCahirBaØik >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
evlaem:ag >>>>>>>>>>> resolkñúgéf¶ExqñaMdEdl smaCikénRkumRbwkSaPi)alEdl)anTTYl
kare)aHeqñateRCIserIsrYc )annaMKñaBiPakSaeTAelIlkçnþik³rbs;smaKm nigdak;eQ~aHfa >>>>>>>>> nig
dak;TIsñak;karenA >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> edaymansMelgeqñatKaMRTcMnYn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
sMelg kñúgcMeNamsmaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)alcMnYn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> nak; EdlmannaykdæanBaNiC¢km~
kñúgRbeTsCaGñkpþl;KMrUlkçnþik³CUn.
105
bnÞab;BI)anBiPakSaKñay:agli¥tl¥n; eTAelIsar³RbeyaCn_énkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmrYcmk
RbFansmaKm)ansMercerobcMbMeBjEbbbTsuMtMkl;TuknUvlkçnþik³ enARksYgBaNiC¢km~edIm,IeGay
manPaBRsbc,ab; .
>>>>>>>>>>/>>>¼>>>>>>>>>>>¼2006
)aneXIjnigÉkPaB elxaFikar
RbFan
bBa¢IvtþmansmaCik smaKm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
l>r nam nig eKatþnam mkBI sñameméd

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
106
CMBUk V
lkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm
CMBUk I
eKalbMNg
Rbkar1³ smaKmGaCIvkm~Edl)anbegáItLIgenH CaGgÁkarÉkraCümYy mincMNuHKNbkSneya)ay nig
eFVIskm~PaBEdlCaplRbeyaCn_dl;smaCikrbs;smaKm.
Rbkar2³ smaKmmaneKaledARbmUlpþúMGñkrYmGaCIB b¤rYmviC¢aCIv³TaMgGs; edayminRbkan;ninñakarneya)ay
GVIeLIy .
Rbkar3³ - smaKmGaCIvkm~enHeFVIskm~PaBelIEpñk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- smaKmGacbegáItsaxaenARKb;TIkEnøg enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nigeRkARbeTs
Rbkar4³ smaKmenHmanRbtibtþikarCaGciéRnþy_edayK~ankarkMNt;kalbriecäTeT .
CMBUk II
namkrN¾ Gas½ydæan
Rbkar5³ smaKmmaneQ~aH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
sresrkat;Ca :>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>:
Gas½ydæan³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>pøÚv>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>XuM-sgáat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
x½NÐ-Rsuk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>extþ-Rkug>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
eQ~aHnigGas½ydæanGacpøas;bþÚr)an GaRs½yedayRkumRbwkSaPi)alsmaKm CaGñksMerc .
CMBUk III
Parkic©rbs;smaKm
Rbkar6³ smaKmmanParkic©dUcxageRkam³
- RbmUlbNþaGaCIvkreGaymankarsamKÁIÉkPaBKña kñúgskm~PaBGaCIvkm~ Fana)annUvesßrPaB
nig)anrIkcMerIndl;sgÁm
- BRgIkkic©shkarCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkkñúgdMeNIrkarGaCIvkm~ nigbMeBjnUvtYnaTICaGñkpSaP¢ab;
rvagTIpSar nigplitkm~
- begánI TMnak;TnM gCits~Tiñ C§ amYysßab½nCMnajBak;Bn½ § nigTIPañ k;garGPivDÆn_nana kñgú karbgárlkçN³
gayRsYl nigelIkTwkcitþkarGPivDÆn_plitkm~RKb;vis½y [mankarrIkcMerIn
- begánI smtßPaBdl;shRKasTaMgGs; cUlrYmRbkYtRbECgCamYybNþaRbeTsCitxag nigskl-
elak
107
- EckrMElkKñanUvB½t’manTIpSar nigB½t’manbec©kviC¢a ecjpSayÉksar nigRBwtþib½RtepSg²

EdlTak;Tgdl;skm~PaBnanarbs;smaKm
- CYydl;rdæaPi)alkñúgkarbegáIteKalneya)aysmRsb sMrab;karGPivDÆn_CMnYjxñattUc nig
mFüm
- CYypþl;kargardl;RbCaBlrdæpgEdr
- tMNageGaysmaCikRKb;rUb kñúgkarkarBarsiT§iRbeyaCn_elImUldæanc,ab;rbs;rdæ .
CMBUk IV
smaCikPaB
Rbkar7³ smaCikPaBsmaKm ebIkTUlaycMeBaHrUbv½nþbuKÁl b¤nItibuKÁlEdlCaGñkrYmGaCIB rWviC¢aCIv³dUcKña .
smaCikPaBénsmaKmenHman 4 RbePT³
- smaCik sßabnik
- smaCik kitþiys
- smaCik skm~
- smaCik samBaØ
1> smaCiksßabnikCasmaCikskm~ EdlCaGñk)anpþÜcepþImbegáItsmaKm nigksaglkçnþik³
rbs;smaKm .
2> smaCikkitþiysCaGñkEdl)anpþl;viPaKTanCafvika b¤CasMPar³pÞal;xøÜnCaKuNRbeyaCn_ sMrab;
smaKm EdlmanTWkR)ak;cab;BI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> eLIgeTAkñúgmYyqñaM .
3> smaCikskm~ KWCasmaCikEdlcUlrYmeFVIskm~PaBTUeTAkñúgsmaKm ehIyCaGñks~½RKcitþ
bg;R)ak;cMnYn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> b¤elIsBIenHkñúgmYyqñaM .
4> smaCiksamBaØ CasmaCikEdlcUlrYmkñúgskm~PaBRtwmEtCaGñksegátkarN_ ehIybg;
viPaKTanCUnsmaKmtamkars~½RKcitþ . ral;nItibuKÁl b¤rUbv½nþbuKÁlEdlmanbMNgcg;cUl
CasmaCiksmaKm RtUvdak;BaküsuMcUltamEbbbT EdlmankMnt;kñúgbTbBa¢aépÞkúñg rbs;
smaKm .
Rbkar8³ smaCikTaMgGs;rbs;smaKm nig)at;smaCikPaBrbs;xøÜneday³
- karlaQb; b¤
- mrN³PaB b¤
- esckþIsMercBIGgÁRbCuMRkumRbwkSaPi)al edaymtiPaKeRcInelIsBak;kNþal .
smaCikRtUveKbeNþjecj mansiT§ikñúgkarbþwgeTAtulakar ebIxøÜnyl;fakarbeNþjecj
enHBuMRtwmRtUvtamc,ab;.
108
CMBUk V
siT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;smaCikPaB
Rbkar 9³ smaCikTaMgGs;mansiTi§ ³
- cUlrYmRbCuMrbs;smaKmtamlixitGeBa¢Ijrbs;smaKm
- QreQ~aHeGayeKe)aHeqñat nige)aHeqñateRCIstaMgRkumRbwkSaPi)al ¬manEtsmaCikskm~¦
- cUlrYmkñúgskm~PaBrbs;smaKmtamkarkMNt;rbs;snñi)at
- eFVIKMeragEpnkarc,as;las;rbs;xøÜn nigmUldæanxøÜn ehIybBa¢ÚnmksmaKm.
Rbkar 10³ karTTYlxusRtUvnigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCik KWeKarBGnuvtþesckþIsMercrbs;snñi)atsmaKm
CMBUk VI
GMBIsnñi)at
Rbkar 11³ smaKmRtUv)andwknaMedaysnñi)at. GgÁsnñi)atmansnñi)atsamBaØ snñi)atvisamBaØ. smasPaB
énGgÁsnñi)atmansmaCikskm~-kitþiys-smaCiksßabnikTaMgGs; tMNagGgÁPaBrdæ)alBak;Bn§½
nigsmaCiksamBaØEdlTTYlkarGeBa¢IjBIRkumRbwkSaPi)al. smaCiktMNagGgÁPaBrdæ)al
smaCikdéTeToteRkABIsmaCikskm~ EdlRtUvGeBa¢jI [cUlrYm mansMelgpþle; yabl;Etb:ueNÑaH.
Rbkar 12³ GgÁsnñi)atmanParkic©dUcteTA³
- eRCIserIsRkumRbwkSaPi)alsmaKm
- BinitünigGnum½tfvikaRbcaMqñaMrbs;smaKm
- bUksrubkargarknøgmk nigerobcMeKalneya)aykm~viFIGPivDÆn_smaKm
- ral;esckþIsMercTaMgLayrbs;GgÁsnñi)at RbFansmaKmTTYlbnÞúkykeTAGnuvtþ
Rbkar 13³ rebobRbCMusnñi)at
- snñi)atsamBaØRtUvRbCMumYyqñaMmþg tamkarekaHGeBa¢Ijrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al
- ebImankarcaM)ac; RbFansmaKmGacesIñRbCMusnñi)atvisamBaØbEnßmeTot
- GgÁsnñi)atRtUvdwknaMedayRbFansmaKm b¤GñkCMnYsEdlmanzan³x<s;bnÞab; kñúgkrNIRbFan
Gvtþman. kñúgkrNIGvtþmanTaMgBIrnak; GacdwknaMedaysmaCikEdlmanGayueRcInCageK .
- kUrmu: rbs;GgÁsnñ)i attMrvU eGaymanvtþmansmaCiksnñ)i atelIs 50 PaKrybUk01 énsmaCik
rbs;smaKm
- ebIsinkUr:umminRKb;tamkMNt;xagelIeT RbFansmaKmRtUvekaHRbCMuCaelIkTIBIr enAry³eBl
7 éf¶eRkay ehIykUr:umf~IEdlRtUvkMNt;KWyk 1PaK3 éncMnYnsmaCikeRCIstaMgTaMgGs;
- krNIkrU mu: minRKb;cnM nY eTot RkumRbwkSaPi)alRtUvekaHRbCMCu aelIkTIbI enAry³eBl 3 éf¶ eRkay
ehIykarRbCMuelIkenHBMucaM)ac;KitkUr:umeT
- RbFansmaKmRtUvpþl;CUndl;smaCikTaMgGs; nUvrebobvar³eGay)an 7 éf¶muneBlebIk
snñi)at.
109
Rbkar 14³ esckþIsMercrbs;snñi)at

- RtUvyktamsMelgPaKeRcInénsmaCikvtþman . kñúgkrNImansMelges~IKña sMelgxag
RbFan cat;TukCa)ankar
- esckþIsMercrbs;snñi)at RtUvkt;RtacUlkMNt;ehtuRtwmRtUv
- karpSBVpSayB½t’mansþIBIsnñi)at RtUvmankarGnuBaØatiBIRbFansmaKm.
CMBUk VII
RkumRbwkSaPi)al
Rbkar 15³ - RkumRbwkSaPi)alsmaKmmansmasPaBya:gtic 5 nak; ya:geRcIn 20 nak;. RkumRbw
kSaPi)al dwknaMeday³
1/ RbFan 01rUb
2/ GnuRbFan 01rUb b¤eRcIn
3/ elxaFikar 01rUb b¤eRcIn
4/ hirBaØwk 01rUb
5/ hirBaØwkrg 01rUb
- smaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)al RtUv)ansnñi)ateRCIstaMgeLIgsMrab;GaNtþi 03 qñaMmþg
- smaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)alcas; GacQreQ~aHeGayeKeRCIserIsCaf~IeTot)an
- RbFanRkumRbwkSaPi)alGacQreQ~aHeGayeKeRCIserIs)an Et 02 GaNtþiKt;
- smasPaBRkumRbwkSaPi)al )anmkBIkare)aHeqñatCaskl nigsm¶at;rbs;GgÁsnñi)at ehIy
smasPaBRbFan-GnuRbFan-hirBaØwk-elxaFikar-smaCik KWGnuelameTAtamsMelgeqñat
eRcInbnþbnÞab; edayELkcMeBaHebkçCnCaRbFan ebITTYlsMelgeqñates~IKña RtUveRCIserIs
ykGñkEdlmanGayueRcInCageKeFVICaRbFan nigGayuticCag eFVICaGnuRbFan.
Rbkar 16³ ebIyl;eXIjfaCakarcaM)ac; RkumRbwkSaPi)alGacbegátI KN³km~kar 1 b¤eRcInedIm,IbeM BjParkic©
epSg²kñúgnamsmaKm. RkumRbwkSaPi)alRtUvEtgtaMgRbFanKN³km~kar ehIyRbFanenH
RtUveRCIserIssmaCikrbs;xøÜnya:gtic 2 nak; dak;CUnRkumRbwkSaPi)alGnum½t . RbFanKN³-
km~kar nigsmaCikKN³km~kar RtUveRCIserIsBIkñúgcMeNamsmaCikrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al.
Rbkar 17³ muxgarrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al
k> RbFan
- RbFansmaKm TTYlxusRtUvdwknaMral;kargarTaMgGs;rbs;smaKm.
x> GnuRbFan
- GnuRbFansmaKm TTYlCYykargarRbFan.
- GnuRbFansmaKmTTYlxusRtUvCYsRbFan enAeBlRbFanGvtþman b¤)at;bg;smaCikPaB
110
K> hirBaØwk
- hirBaØwkCaGñkRbmUlfvikaTaMgGs;kñúgsmaKm nigEfrkSanUvral;ÉksarhirBaØvtßú.
X> elxaFikar
- elxaFikarCaGñkRtYtBinitüelIkic©karrdæ)al nigCaelxaFikareGaysmaKm.
Rbkar 18³ Parkic©rbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al
- erobcMsnñi)at kMNt;rebobvar³ eBlevla TIkEnøg
- eFVIr)aykarN_GMBIskm~PaBkargarCUnGgÁsnñi)at
- eFVIkMNt;ehtuénGgÁsnñi)at
- eFVIesckþIsMercrbs;snñi)at
- Gnuvtþral;esckþIsMercénGgÁsniñ)at
- GnuvtþkargaredayminykR)ak;ebovtSr_
- edaHRsaykargarRbcaMéf¶rbs;smaKm.
CMBUk VIII
fvikanigRbPBFnFan
Rbkar 19³ fvikanigRbPBFnFansmaKm)anmkBI³
- viPaKTanrbs;smaCik
- CMnYy b¤GMeNayrbs;sb,úrsCn b¤GgÁkarnana TaMgenAkñúgnigeRkARbeTs
- kMérepSg² Edl)anmkBIeFVIesvarbs;smaKm.
Rbkar 20³ ral;karcMNayEdlCaplRbeyaCn_rbs;smaKm RtUvmankarGnuBaØatiBIRbFansmaKm.
CMBUk IX
karEkERblkçnþik³ karrMsay nigCMr³bBa¢I
Rbkar 21³ lkçnþik³enHGacEkERb)an luHRtaEtmansmaCikcUlrYmsnñi)at yl;RBmedaysMelgPaKeRcIn
50° + 1 .
sMeNIrEkERblkçnþik³ RtUveFVIeLIgedaysmaCikya:gtic 25° énsmaCikeRCIstaMg ehIy
sMeNIenHRtUvdak;CUnRkumRbwkSaPi)almYyExmunsnñi)at.
Rbkar 22³ GVIEdlminmanEcgkñúglkçnþik³enH GacRtUvbMeBjnigbBa¢ak;bEnßmkñúgbTbBa¢aépÞkñúgsmaKm
111
Rbkar 23³ RbsinRkumRbwkSaPi)alyl;eXIjfa smaKmenHminGacRbRBwtþieTA)aneTot RkumRbwkSaPi

)alRtUvekaHRbCMusnñi)atvisamBaØ edIm,I ³
- e)aHeqñatrMlaysmaKm
- begáItKN³km~kar CMrHbBa¢Icln³RTBü nigGclnRTBürbs;smaKmenH.
esckþIsMercsþIBIkarrMlaysmaKm GaRs½yedaysMelgKaMRT 2 PaK 3 énsmaCikvtþman.
CMBUk X
GvsanbBaØti
Rbkar 24³ smaCikTaMgGs;EdlcUlrYmkñgú smaKm RtUveKarBdac;xatnUvlkçnkiþ ³ bTbBa¢aépÞkgúñ rbs;smaKm.
Rbkar 25³ smaCikRKb;Can;fañ k;rbs;smaKm RtUveKarBya:gx¢ab;xnÜ¢ ral;c,ab;rdæFm~nBu aØ énRBHraCaNacRkkm<Cú a
bTbBaØtinigbTbBa¢arbs;raCrdæaPi)al rYmTaMgc,ab;GgÁkarGnþrCatinana.
eFVIenA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>éf¶TI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Ex>>>>>>>>>>>qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
RbFan
112
CMBUk VI
TMrg;EbbbTénkardak;BaküsMu
BaküsMutMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm
- ´)aT-nag´eQ~aH : CaGkSrEx~rnigLataMg :³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
CaRbFansmaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- éf¶ Ex qñaMkMeNIt ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>ePT>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sBa¢ati>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- Gas½ydæanbc©úb,nñ ³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
eKarBCUn
Ék]tþm rdæmRnþI RksYgBaNiC¢km
kmvtßú³ sMeNIsMutMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
eyagtamkm~vtßúxagelI ´)aT nag´CaRbFansmaKm sUmÉk]tþmrdæmRnþIemtþaBinitü
nigtMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~ EdlmanlkçN³sm,tþidUcxageRkameday
GnueRKaH.
- smaKm BaNiC¢kr ³
- smaKm ]sSahkr ³
- smaKm ksikr ³
- smaKm esvakr ³
- smaKm sib,kr ³
- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ³
- namkrN_smaKm³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- TIsñak;karsmaKm³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- TUrsBÞ½elx³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> TUrsarelx³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
sUmCUnP¢ab;mkCamYynUv³
1> lixitGnuBaØatibegáItsmaKmedIm ebIsinman¦ 01c,ab;
2> lkçnþik³smaKm 01c,ab;
3> kMNt;ehtuGgÁsnñi)atbegáItsmaKm 01c,ab;
4> GtþsBaØaNb½NbÑ l¤ xi ti qøgEdnRbFansmaKm ¬ftcMlg¦ 01c,ab;
5> rUbft 4 x 6 03c,ab;
6> KMrURtanightßelxaRbFansmaKm 01c,ab;
7> km~siT§pÞHCaTItaMgsmaKm b¤kic©snüaCYlpÞHCaTItaMgsmaKm¬ftcMlg¦ 01c,ab;
113
sUmÉk]tþmrdæmRnþI emtþaTTYlnUvesckþIeKarBrab;Gand¾RCaleRCAGMBI´)aT-nag´.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>éf¶TI>>>>>>>>>Ex>>>>>>>>>>>>>qñaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
htßelxa nigsñameméd
114
bgáan;édTTYltMkl;TuksMNMulixit
: sMutMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm :
naykdæanBaNiC¢kmkñúgRbeTs
kariyal½yRKb;RKgGaCIvkm - esvakm nigkarRbkYtRbECg
)anTTYltMkl;TuksMNMulixit sþIBIkarcuHeQ~aHsmaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> kñúgbBa¢IsmaKmGaCIvkm~ .
- namkrN_edImrbs;smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- namkrN_bc©úb,nñrbs;smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- TIsñak;karrbs;smaKmbc©úb,nñ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- eQ~aHRbFansmaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
ÉksartMkl;
1- BaküsMutMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKm
2- lkçnþik³ nigbTbBa¢aépÞkñúgrbs;smaKm
3- kMNt;ehtuGgÁsnñi)atbegáItsmaKm
4- GtþsBaØaNb½NÑb¤lixitqøgEdnRbFansmaKm ¬ftcMlg¦
5- rUbft 4 x 6
6- KMrURta nightßelxaRbFansmaKm
7- BaküsMucuHpSaykñúgsarB½t’manCapøÚvkar (Official Notice)
8- km~siT§pÞHCaTItaMgsmaKmrWkic©snüaCYlpÞHCaTItaMgsmaKm ¬ftcMlg¦
krNIÉksaresñIsMutMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmBMuTan;RKb;RKan; samuICnGñkesñIsMu RtUvbMeBjsMNMulixit

EdlminTan;RKb;RKan;kñúgry³eBl 30 éf¶y:agyUr cab;BIéf¶ecjbgáan;édenH .
eFVIenAPñMeBj éf¶TI /////// Ex ///// qñaM 200
RbFankariyal½y
samIuCnGñkesñIsMutMkl;TuksUmFanaGHGagfa
ral;ÉksartMkl;TukBitCaRtwmRtUvminEkøgbnøM
elIRbkarNamYyeLIy .
eFVIenA ////////////// éf¶TI //////// Ex /////// qñaM 200
GñkTTYlbgáan;éd
115
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt
RbFansmaKm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
sUmCMrabmk
elakRbFan naykdæanBaNiC¢kmkñúgRbeTs ³
sUmelaknaykemtþa cat;EcgkarcuHpSaysarB½t’mannUvesckþIRbkaspSaysþIBIkartMkl;Tuk
lkçnþik³smaKm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// kñúgsarB½t’manrbs;elakedayGnueRKaH .
xøwmsarénGtßbTcuHpSayrYmman ³
esckþIRbkassþIBIkartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKm
- namkrN_smaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- elxtMkl;lkçnþik³smaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- eQ~aHRbFansmaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>muxrbr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sBa¢ati >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- TIsñak;karsmaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- km~vtßúsmaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
esckþIRbkasenHcat;TukCakarCUndMNwgdl;saFarNCn edIm,IRCabnigsUmTMnak;TMngtameQ~aH
nigGas½ydæanxagelI .
sUmelakRbFanTTYlnUvkareKarBrab;GanGMBI´ .
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> éf¶TI >>>>>>>>>>>>> Ex >>>>>>>>>>>>>> qñaM200
RbFansmaKm
)anTTYlyl;RBmcuHpSay ³
- kñúgsarB½t’man³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- elx ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- ecjpSay éf¶TI Ex qñaM 200
RbFannaykdæanBaNiC¢kmkñúgRbeTs
116
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt
KMrURta nightßelxa
RbFan smaKmGaCIvkm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
KMrURta KMrUhtßelxa
117
CMBUk VII
rdæmRnþI RksYgBaNiC¢km
sUmbBa¢ak;fa ³
smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> RtUv)antMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKm nigTTYlsÁal;Ca
lkçN³c,ab; Kitcab;BIkalbriecäTénkarsMutMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKm kñúgbBa¢IenHteTAEdlmanl½kçx½NÐ
dUcxageRkam ³
1- namkrN_rbs;smaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
GtþelxtMkl;;lkçnþik³smaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
2- RbFansmaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
3- TIsñak;karsmaKmtaMgenA ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
4- RbePTsmaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
GñkTTYlxusRtUvénsmaKm RtUvGnuvtþtamc,ab;énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa .
rdæmRnþI
cMlgCUn ³
- TIsþIkarKN³rdæmRnþI
- xuTÞkal½ysemþcnaykrdæmRnþI
- RksYgmhaépÞ
- GKÁnaykdæanrdæ)al nighiBaØvtßú
- salaextþ - Rkug
- mnÞIrB/N extþ - Rkug
- Éksar - kalb,vtþi
118
RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
RksYgBaNiC¢km Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt
elx ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> BN/ kbT
viBaØabnb½Rt
bBa¢ak;kartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm
- namkarN_smaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- elxtMkl;Tuk ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> éf¶TI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ex >>>>>>> qñaM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- Gas½ydæansmaKm ³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;Ca³ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
PñMeBj/ éf¶øTI //////////////// Ex ////////////// qñaM 200 >>>>>

rdæmRnþI
CMBUk VIII
eKarBCUn
Ék]tþm rdæmRnþI RksYgBaNiC¢km
tamry³ ³ Ék]tþm GKÁnaykbec©keTs
kmvtßú ³ esckþIraykarN_segçbGMBInItiviFItMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKm GaCIvkm~ enAnaykdæan
BaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs .
eyag ³ Rbkaselx 267 BN/kbT/Rbk cuHéf¶TI 21 Ex kBaØa qñaM 2000 .
esckþIENnaMelx 3560 BN/kbT cuHéf¶TI 10 Extula qñaM 2000 .
esckþICUn)anCMrabkñúgkm~vtßú nigeyagxagelI naykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs RtUv)an
TTYlParkic©CaGñkTTYltMkl;Tuklkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~nana . dUcenHnaykdæansUmCMrabCUnnUv
nItiviFIén kartMkl;Tuklkçnþik³dUcxageRkam ³
eRkayBIBnül;nUvsarHsMxan;énkarcgRkgCasmaKmrYmmk ENnaMeGayGaCIvkr
cgRkg RbmUlpþKúM añ eFVkI are)aHeqñateRCIserIs RbFan GnuRbFan smaCik nigkMNt;eQ~aHsmaKm ³ naykdæan
BaNiC¢km~kñúgRbeTs ³
119
1- naykdæanBaNiCk¢ m~kgúñ RbeTs RtUveRBogkMNt;ehtuGgÁRbCMru bs;mhasnñ)i atrbs;

smaKm ¬eFVIdUcCapøÚvkar ¦ edayRKan;TukcenøaHeGaysmaCikrbs;GgÁsnñi)at pþiteméd
edaymankareRCIserIsRkumRbwkSaPi)al RbFanRkumRbwki SaPi)al GnuRbFan hirBaØkw .l.
2-Bums< NM EuM bbbTBaküesñsI euM pSg²mYykMebørCUneTAmnÞrI BaNiCk¢ m~extþRkug edIm,IGnuvtþ
kargar ehIyCUneTAsmaKmEdlRtUvcgRkg .
3- cgRkglkçnþik³ (Article of Business Association Form) mYyeTAtamsþg;darnana
énsmaKmGaCIvkm~EdlRksYgBaNiCk¢ m~ ¬naykdæanBaNiCk¢ m~kgúñ RbeTs¦ CaGñkCYy
cgRkgCaeKaleTAtamRbePTsmaKm .
4- RbFansmaKm b¤RbFanRkumRbwkSaPi)alEdle)aHeqñatehIy RtUvbMeBjBaküsMtu kM l;
Tuklkçnþik³smaKm edayRKan;EtpþitemédelIBaküsMuEtb:ueNÑaH EdlnaykdæanBaNiC¢
km~kñúgRbeTsBum<CUnRsab; . eRkayBIpþitemédrbs;RbFanelIsMNMuEbbbTrYcmk
TukdUcCabegáItsmaKmrYcehIy .
5- mRnþICMnajénmnÞIrBaNiC¢km~extþ - RkugRtUvBinitüemIlÉksar eGay)anRKb;RKan;
ehIyeFVIdIkarGm bBa¢Únral;sMNMuÉksarCabnÞan;mkRksYg ¬naykdæanBaNiC¢km~kñúg
RbeTs¦edIm,Inaykdæan erobcMcgRkgCalkçnþik³eTAtameKaledAénsmaKmcMnYn
R)aMbYnc,ab; ¬eGayeTAmnÞIBaNiC¢km~extþ-Rkug cMnYn 1c,ab; salaextþ-Rkug 1 c,ab;
enAsmaKmxøÜnÉgcMnYn 3 c,ab; salaXMu-sgáat;cMnYn 1c,ab; nigtMkl;TukenARksYg
BaNiC¢km~cMnYn 2c,ab; RksYgmhaépÞcMnYn 1 c,ab;¦ rYcerobcMqøak;RtasmaKmeGay
eRbIR)as;CapøÚvkar nigecjlixitTTYlsÁal;CapøÚvkarnUvkartMkl;TukenH .
ral;sNM ÉuM ksarTaMgGs; naykdæanBaNiCk¢ m~kgúñ RbeTsCaGñk erobcMCnU kMebøEtmþg mnÞrI BaNiCk¢ m~
extþ-RkugRKan;EtCYyclna nigENnaMeGaypþiteméd .
eRkayBImanlixitCapøÚvkarmkBIRksYg eTIbsmaKmmanlT§PaBeTATMnak;TMngCamYysßab½n
hirBaØvtßú dUcCaFnaKarGPivDÆn_CnbT nigsßab½nm:aRkUhirBaØvtßúepSg² EdlniwgRtUvekIteLIgenAeBlxag
mux b¤kR¾ kumh‘nu breTs EdleKRtUvkarCYysmaKmNamYyenaH ¬ry³kalknøgmkeyIg)andkBiesaFn_
GnuvtþbegáItsmaKmmYyrYcehIyEdlsmaKmenaH maneQ~aHshB½n§km<úCaGPivDÆn_CnbT¦.
esckþIdUc)anCMrabCUnxagelIenH sUmÉk]tþmrdæmRnþIemtþaRCabCar)aykarN_ .
RbFan
yI Kwmesg
120

Wcms 108275

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wcms 108275

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc

m:UDul 7 ³ PaBCaGñkdwknaM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 35

m:UDul 13 ³ karRKb;RKghirBaØvtßúrbs;smaKm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 73

]bsm½<n§ k ³ lkçnþik³smaKm]sSahkm~tUc nigmFümPñMeBj >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 93

esovePAGñkGanenHRtUv)ancgRkgeLIg edayEp¥keTAelIÉksarepSg² Edl)anerobcMedaykm~vFi I

rs; bUram smaKmkm<úCaGPivDÆesdækic©eRkARbB½n§

1>3> karcab;GarmNr_ bs;Pañ k;garrdæaPi)al nigPñak;garepSg²eTot elIsmaKmGaCIvkm

- Pñak;garKaMRTkarGPivDÆn_Gacpþlm; eFüa)ay edIm,IerobcM BiPakSa nigCYyedaHRsayesah‘yu

mankatBVkic©BIr KW karEfrkSakUnecApg nigTTYlbnÞúkskm~PaBesdækic© dUcCadMeNIrkarGaCIvkm~

eyIgTaMgGs;Kñadwgfa edImTunfvikaKWCamUldæansRmab;eCaKC½yGaCIvkm~ b:uEnþvaKWCaGVIEdlCn

vamansar³sMxan;kgúñ karbegátI eKalkarN_epSg²sMrab;GnuvtþrmY Kña nigeFI[V R)akdfasmaCik)anTTYl

- smaKmGaCIvkm~cg;;bgðajdl;rdæaPi)al nigGgÁPaBédKUTaMgLay faeKKWCasßab½nsMxan;Cag

manlT§PaBCaeRcInsRmab;e)aHCMhaneTAmux EdlGacnaM[mankarTak;TajsmaCikf~I b¤edIm,I

shB½n§ nigshCIBmanrcnasm<n½§epSgKña manlkçnþik³ mhasnñi)at nigKN³km~karRbtibtiþ

krNIski Sa³ yuT§saRsþsþIBIshB½n§ shCIB nigbNþaj

m:UDulTI 4 ³ ebskkm nigeKaledA

B½t’manPaKxøHGacdak;enAkñúgsMeNAÉksaredayELk Edlmanc,ab;nigbTbBaØtþiépÞkñúg sUmGan

5>2> siT§i nigkatBVkic©rbs;smaCik

krNIski Sa³ siT§inigkatBVkic©smaCikrbs;smaKm

shRKinFuntUc nwgcUlrYmCamYysmaKmGaCIvkm~ enAeBlEdlBYkeKmanGarm~N_fa GgÁPaBenaH

smaKmGaCIvkm~TaMgLayGacmaneKalneya)ay edayeyagtamtMNak;kalxus²Kña énkar

GñkbBa¢Ún sar GñkTTYl

vamansarHsMxan;kñúgkaryl;dwgGMBI]bs½KÁ edIm,I[eK)ansÁal;enAeBlEdlvaekIteLIg ehIy

eRkAGMBIbBaðaxagelIenH enAmanbBaðaepSg²eTotTak;Tgnwgkarsþab; EdleFVI[eyIgTTYlsarmin

mindwgxøÜn b¤mYymanGarm~N_faeKbeBa¢aH[xøÜn ehIyeFVIEpnkarRbqaMgtbt . CMhanTI 1 edIm,ITb;sáat;

rUbmnþTUeTAmYyKWfa vamanPaBRbesIrCagkñúgkarepþatykcitþeTAelIskm~PaBEtmYy b¤ BIr bI

enATINaEdlsmaKmGaCIvkm~tUceBk b¤k¾BwgEp¥kelIsßanPaBmUldæaneBk eKGaccUlrYmCamYy

karpþl;dMbUn~anEpñkc,ab; ³ shRKastUc² RtUvkarB½t’manEpñkc,ab;epSg²Kña ³ rebobcuHeQ~aHRkum

edIm,I[esvakm~mannirnþPaBry³eBlyUrGEgVg smaCikTaMgLay EdlcMeNjBIesvakm~TaMgenH

TaMgGs; EdlmanlT§PaBTTYlesvakm~TaMgenaH sRmab;ry³eBlminkMNt; b¤kMNt;NamYy .

krNIski Sa ³ eKhTMB½rsþIGMBIsNæaKar nigpÞHsMNak;enAesomrab

m:UDulTI 10³ karpþl;esvaBaNiC¢km

karTij lk;plitplrYmKñaenH Gac[smaCikbg;éføcMNayeTAelIkareFVIdMeNIrrYmKña . vak¾Gac

enAkñúgkrNITij niglk;rYmKñaenH smaKmRtUvKitéføBIsmaCik edIm,IykmkTUTat;éføesvaenH .

krNIski Sa³ ]TahrN_GMBIkareFVIGaCIvkm~rYmKña

lT§pl CakarsnSMsMécEpñkesdækic© nigkRmitTMhMRbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgRkumh‘unRTg;RTayFM²

10>4> karRKb;RKgrYmKñaelIGclnRTBü nigeRKOg]bkrN_

smaKmGaCIvkm~xøH pþl;lT§PaB[smaCikkñúgkareRbIR)as;GclnRTBü b¤TuksMPar³epSg² .

mU:DulTI 11³ karpþl;esvats‘Umti

kalBIExvickäi a qña2M 001 Rkumm:tU kU g;bEI dlCasmaCik )anTTYlnUvkarhamXat;sTi R§ bkbrbr

11>2> karsnÞna nigkarBieRKaHeyabl;

krNIski Sa³ karEsVgrkkareFVItMNag

vaGacCatRmUvkar edIm,IbegátI b¤EklMGc,ab; Edlman\T§Bi ledaypÞal;eTAelIRsþdI cU Ca \T§Bi leTAelI

GgÁkarRsþIGacpþl;[smaCikrbs;xøÜnnUvB½t’mansþIBImRnþIrdæaPi)al rebobdMeNIrkarneya)ay nig

krNIski Sa³ karbBa©úHbBa©Úl[maneynD½reTAkñúgc,ab;

2> RkumRbwkSaPi)al ³ RtUv)ane)aHeqñateLIgedaymhasnñi)at nigCatMNag[smaCiknana

BIPñak;garrdæaPi)alnana BIbNþaGgÁkarsgÁm nigGgÁPaBneya)aynana b¤GñkCMnajkar EdlmanbT

smaKmtUc² b¤smaKmEdleTIbnwgbegáIt GacminRtUvkarRkumGñkdwknaMTaMgGs;

enAkñúgsmaKmCaeRcInenAkm<úCa smaCikrbs;RkumRbwkSaPi)al nigGñkRKb;RKg KWCaGñkeFVIkar

smaKmGaCIvkm~RtUvmannItvi Fi cI ,as;las; EdlbBa¢ak;faGñkNaGacmansiTs§ eM rckñgú karcMNay .

KeRmagfvika ³ éf¶TI 1 Exmkra dl;éf¶TI 31 ExFñÚ qñaM 2007

13>4> esovePAebLa nigesovePAcMNUlcMNay

karkt;RtacMnYnsac;R)ak;enAkñúgéd RtUvEtmankarRtYtBinitü[)aneTogTat; edIm,IepÞogpÞat;CamYy

viFICarYmmYy edIm,IbgðajlT§pl hirBaØvtßú sMrab;ry³eBlNamYyCak;lak; KWtamry³r)aykarN_

r)aykarN_smtulü ³ 31 FñÚ 200>>>>>>

mU:DulTI 14³ RbPBcMNUl

14>1> RbPBfvikaxagkñúg nigxageRkA

Rbkar1³ TTYlrkSatMkl;TukÉksarlkçnþik³smaKmGaCIvkm~nana edIm,IelIkTwkcitþeGaysmaKmeFVI

krNIski Sa³ viPaKcMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay »kas nigkarKMramkMEhgrbs;smaKmsib,krkm<úCa

vamansarHsMxan;kñúgkarGeBa¢IjRsþICashRKin [cUlrYmenAkñúgkarviPaKcMNucxøaMg cMNucexSay

enAkñúgGgÁkarFM² dMeNIrkarBieRKaHeyabl;d¾eBjeljmYy KWCakarcaM)ac; .

]bsm½<n§ k ³ lkçnþik³smaKm]sSahkmtUc nig mFümPñMeBj

Rbkar 8 ³ smaCikTaMgGs;rbs;smaKm nwg)at;smaCikPaBrbs;xøÜneday ÷

karRKb;RKgsmaKmGaCIvkmFuntUc

1>3> karcab;GarmNr_ bs;Pañ k;garrdæaPi)al nigPñak;garepSg²eTot elIsmaKmGaCIvkm

m:UDulTI 4 ³ ebskkm nigeKaledA

m:UDulTI 10³ karpþl;esvaBaNiC¢km

]bsm½<n§ k ³ lkçnþik³smaKm]sSahkmtUc nig mFümPñMeBj