GSM Factory RF TX Linear Calibration Software Training: Confidential and Proprietary - Qualcomm Technologies, Inc

GSM Factory RF Tx Linear Calibration
Software Training
80-NC398-6 D
Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

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PAGE 2 80-NC398-6 D Mar 2014 Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. | MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Revision History
Revision Date Description
A Sep 2012 Initial release
B Jun 2013 Added multichain NV QMSL APIs
C Nov 2013 Updated GSM Tx Calibration – Overview slide; added Frame Sweep Calibration section
D Mar 2014 Updated Frame Sweep Timeline table
Contents
 Tx Calibration Overview
 DA Calibration
 Predistortion Calibration
 Char Predistortion Calibration
 GSM NV Migration
 GSM Frame Sweep Calibration
 References
 Questions?
Tx Calibration Overview
GSM Tx Calibration – Overview
 Prerequisition
 XO calibration is prerequisite for GSM calibration
 Correct frequency offset
 GSM Tx calibration categories
 KVCO calibration
 Correct phase error
 Not needed for WTR1625 or WTR2605
 DA calibration
 XO and KVCO calibration have to be executed before DA calibration (except for
WTR1625 and WTR2605)
 RGI vs output power for each gain range
 For GSM and EDGE low PA range
 Predistortion calibration
 DA calibration has to be done before predistortion calibration
 AMAM/AMPM (amplitude scale and phase rotation) for EDGE high PA range
 Optimization – Characterized data calibration
Undesirable
Receiver PA Modem
QMSL API Tables
 In MSM8974 and later targets, new sets of multichain NV items were

introduced.
 As a result, there are two sets of QMSL APIs for NV generation, one set
for regular NVs and the other set for multichain NVs.
 The following tables show the QMSL APIs for waveform generation and
NV generation for regular and char predistortion calibration.
Cal process Waveform generation/calibration

DA cal QLIB_FTM_DA_CAL
Predistortion cal QLIB_FTM_TX_CFG2_AMAM_SWEEP_V2
Char predistortion cal QLIB_FTM_DA_CAL
QMSL API Tables (cont.)
NV generation
Cal process
Regular Multichain
DA cal QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_
Generate_NV
Predistortion cal QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_Linear_Process_ QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_IQ_
Swapped_PreDist_Cal_Results Predist_Cal_Generate_NV
Char predistortion QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results_v2 QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_Enh_Cal_
cal Generate_NV
QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_EnhLinTx_Cal_Process_
Predist_NV
DA Calibration
High-Level Digital Gain Control
 GSM and low PA range EDGE

 Calibration measures the output power vs the RGI for each PA gain range
 DA calibration components
 Tx AGC algorithm – Achieves the required power
 PA ramp – Controls PA ramp shape – Reduces side lobe
 Digital envelope gain – Fine gain adjustment – Power compensation
 AMAM/AMPM is bypassed
PA Gain State
Tx AGC Algorithm
Tx AGC PDM (RGI)
PA Ramp AMAM/ Digital RFA Gain PA

AMPM Envelope Gain Setting
RGI Sweep Waveform
Digital Env Gain =

NV_GSM_LINEAR_TX_GAIN_PARAM_I
Digital Env Gain =NV_EDGE_LINEAR_TX_GAIN_PARAM_I

Segment # 1 2 3 4 5 64 65 66 67 68 69 130 131 132
Modulation 8PSK GMSK 8PSK GMSK 8PSK GMSK GMSK 8PSK 8PSK GMSK 8PSK GMSK GMSK
RGI value 31 0 0 1 1 31 31 0 0 0 0 31 31 0
PA state 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
QMSL API
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_DA_CAL(

HANDLE hResourceContext,
unsigned short iListSize,
unsigned short* aiSegLength,
unsigned char * aiRgi,
unsigned char * aiGsmMode,
unsigned char * aiPaRange
);
 iListSize – Total elements in the aiSegLength, aiRgi, aiGsmMode, and

aiPaRange arrays, where all four arrays are one-dimensional
 aiSegLength – Segment duration (in units of 3.69 µs); recommended
value is 50 or 250
 aiRgi – RGI value to be used
 aiGsmMode – GSM mode; 1 for GSM and 0 for EDGE
 aiPaRange – PA range
Box Options
 Typically, DA calibration uses I/Q vs SLOT

 For CMW-500 only
 Except for I/Q vs SLOP option, choose GPRF list mode for DA calibration also
works
 Other boxes still need I/Q vs SLOT options
 List mode calibration by using CWM-500

 The DA calibration algorithm stays the same
Example of Measurement
 Saturated result at the end of sweeping

 GSM – No effect due to constant envelope
 EDGE – Require predistortion
Signal Saturation
DA Cal Results QMSL API
QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results(
unsigned short iNvModeId,
void* aGSM_DA_Cal,
void*aGSM_DA_Cal_NV,
unsigned char bCachedByNVManager)
 aGSM_DA_Cal [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_DA_Cal_Result struct

containing DA calibration sweep raw measurement data
 aGSM_DA_Cal_NV [output] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_DA_Cal_NV_
Chan_struct containing NV items generated
 bCachedByNVManager [input] – Store-generated NV items in NV
Manager; NV items stored in NV Manager are written to a mobile when
QLIB_RFCAL_NV_Manager_WriteToPhone() is called
 bCachedByNVManager == 1 – Store NV items bCachedByNVManager
 bCachedByNVManager == 0 – Do not store NV items
 Generated NV items are not written to a mobile when QLIB_RFCAL_NV_
Manager_WriteToPhone() is called
TPL Log
QMSL Log
Predistortion Calibration
Goal
 For EDGE high PA state, the signal operates at nonlinear region. In a

nonlinear system, the effect of signal distortion is proportional to the input
signal.
 For PSK
 Signal envelope is not constant
 Signal distortion prevents accurate signal extraction
 EDGE – 8PSK requires predistortion to sustain the measurement accuracy
 Find the distortion effect to compensate the transmission power and phase from two
viewpoints
 Input power and output power
 Input power and output phase
 For FSK
 Signal envelope is constant
 The phase distortion does not influence the signal extraction
Overview
 Fix PA to the highest gain state.

 Fix RGI at a constant value.
 Create AMAM/AMPM table.
 Apply predistortion to counteract the nonlinearity.
PA Gain State – Fixed at the highest gain state
Tx AGC Algorithm
Tx AGC PDM (RGI) – Fixed
AMAM/ Fixed – Digital RFA Gain PA

PA Ramp
AMPM Envelope Gain Setting
Preparation – Find Appropriate RGI
 Determine the RGI index that will allow the required minimum 8PSK Tx
power for the predistortion.
 27 dBm for low bands and 26 dBm for high bands for each calibration channel
 The highest of those three RGI values is chosen for predistortion calibration
 This RGI index is then populated in the NV item – NV_GSM_TX_AGC_
SETTING_FOR_PRED_I.
Note: For this example, NV_GSM_TX_AGC_SETTING_FOR_PRED_I = 16
Procedure
 Align waveform
 Find the measured waveform
 Cross correlation
 Compute gain
 Find the relationship between input signal and output amplitude
 Interpolation
 Compute phase
 Find the relationship between input signal and output phase
 Interpolation
 Smooth
 Smooth the gain and phase
 Spline function
 Generate AMAM and AMPM NV
QMSL API
QLIB_FTM_TX_CFG2_AMAM_SWEEP_V2(
unsigned long iPreDcDuration,
unsigned long iEdgeDuration,
unsigned long iCalRgi,
unsigned long * piDigScale)
 iPreDcDuration – The duration of the frequency correction segment

duration; the recommended value for both is 1000
 iEdgeDuration – The predistortion calibration segment duration;
recommended value for both is 1000
 iCalRgi – The RGI value to be used
 piDigScale – Output that corresponds to the “Maximum PA ramp value”
field in the response packet; data is used for data processing and NV
generation
Waveform Configuration
 To calibrate:
Predistortion calibration segment
 Transmit a known waveform (V2)
 Predistortion calibration segment
 Frequency correction segment
 QLIB_FTM_TX_CFG2_AMAM_SW
EEP_V2()
Frequency correction segment

1 equency correction segment
2
Waveform Alignment
 To align waveform:
1. Adjust phase drift
2. Using cross-correlation, find the delay between the reference and the measured
waveform
Find the timing difference
Qlib Implementation – Phase Drift Adjustment
Waveform Alignment
 Example of adjust phase drift  Example of a cross-correlation plot
Qlib Implementation – Time Alignment Correction
Gain Computation
 To compute gain:
1. Get the power vs gain relationship
2. Gain = Measured power 20 * log10(DAC)
3. Interpolate data to fit AMAM table stored in NV
Measured power
I(L-1) Target power I(L)

Input power
Qlib Implementation – Gain Computation
Phase Computation
 To compute phase (degree):

1. Get the relationship of input power vs phase distortion
2. The input phase is zero, therefore, the distortion is only the mean of the output
phase
3. Interpolate data to find the phase stored in NV
Measured phase
I(L-1) Target power I(L)

Input power
Qlib Implementation – Phase Computation
Results After Gain and Phase Computation
Smoothing
 The reconstructed waveform is still

not constant
 Apply smoothing mechanisms –
Spline function
 Truncate the power range to keep
validate measurements
 Sustain RSSI above the threshold
 Smooth data – Spline function
 RTR – AMAM and AMPM need
smoothing
 WTR – Only for AMPM
 Truncate AMPM data after
smoothing
 Phase is too noisy
Qlib Implementation – Smoothing
NV Generation
 Generate AMAM/AMPM NVs

 Determine the minimum of
maximum power for the three
channels
 Populate 128 power levels using
the corresponding DAC value to
generate AMAM/AMPM NV items
 Based on the measured data in
previous setup
Qlib Implementation – AMAM NV Generation
Qlib Implementation – AMPM NV Generation
Predistortion Cal Results QMSL API
QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_Linear_Process_Swapped_PreDist_Cal_Results(
void* aGSM_PreDist_Cal,
void *aGSM_PreDist_Cal_NV,
 aGSM_PreDist_Cal [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_PreDist_Cal_Result

struct containing raw predistortion calibration data; phase (in degrees) and
amplitude (in dBm)
 aGSM_PreDist_Cal_NV [output] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_PreDist_Cal_
NV_Chan_struct containing NV items generated
 bCachedByNVManager == 1 – Store NV items bCachedByNVManager
TPL Log
QMSL Log
Char Predistortion Calibration
Overview
Characterize multiple phones Apply characterized data for calibration
Characterized
data
Characterized Data Generation
 Enter list of RGI ranges for  Enable enh Lin Tx calibration

predistortion calibration  Set up the output file name
 Specify an output file name in “Output
File to Write GSMTxChar Data”
 Output files are XML
Characterized Data Generation TPL Log
Execute predistortion across 3 channels
Execute predistortion across different RGIs
Data generation
Characterized Data Generation QMSL Log
Predistortion calibration execution
Predistortion calibration data process
NV 24195 – RFNV_GSM_GSM850_CHAR_PREDIST_ENV_GAIN_I
Averaging Characterized Data Sets
 DEBUG – RF cal output CSV

 The path of the target output directory to save statistic results
 RF cal output data
 The path of the output XML file (i.e., averaging result)
 RF cal input data files
 Lists of input files (i.e., characterized data files) for averaging
 Each file is separated by semicolon
 Note that the path of the input files does not need to be specified here
 RF cal input data folder
 The path saving the input files
New Features
 Characterized data XML

Import characterized data
 Contain the information of
AMAM/AMPM curve
 Function of (band, channel, RGI) DA calibration
 Averaging curves of multiple phones
 Contain the information of several RGI
Determine RGI for
(internal – 7 to 15) predistortion
Curve fitting – Power

adaptation and slope
correction
Data process
Procedure
 Extra modes are introduced

 Mode 1 – GSM
 Mode 0 – EDGE
DA calibration
 Mode 2 to 17 – Envelope gain index
 New NV items – NV 24194 to NV 24197
 RFNV_GSM_<band>_CHAR_PREDIST_ Determine RGI for
predistortion
ENV_GAIN_I
 DA calibration uses the same sweep
function adaptation and slope
correction
 QMSL API
QLIB_FTM_DA_CAL(*);
QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results(*);
Data process
QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results_v2(*)
QLIB_FTM_TX_CFG2_AMAM_SWEEP_V2(*);
QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_EnhLinTx_Cal_Process_Predi
st_NV(*);
New QMSL API
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results_v2(

unsigned int numGsmMeas,
void *gsmMeas,
unsigned int numEdgeMeas,
void *edgeMeas,
void *aGSM_DA_Cal_NV,
unsigned char bCachedByNVManager);
 bCachedByNVManager stores generated NV items in NV Manager.

 The generated NV includes:
 QMSL_GSM_RGI_Fn_I,
 QMSL_GSM_PMEAS_Fn_I,
 NV_GSM_AMAM_ARFCN_Fn_I
New QMSL API (cont.)
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_EnhLinTx_Cal_Process_Predist_NV(

unsigned char bCachedByNVManager,
void* aGSM_EnhLinTx_Control,
void* aGSM_EnhLinTx_Data,
void* aGSM_EnhLinTx_NV );
 aGSM_EnhLinTx_NV – NV items generated

 Generated NV items include:
 NV_GSM_<band>_AMAM_LINEAR_PA_RANGEA_F<n>_SEG<n>_I
 NV_GSM_<band>_AMPM_LINEAR_PA_RANGEA_F<n>_SEG<n>_I
 NV_GSM_AMAM_DYNAMIC_RANGE__I
 NV_GSM_<band>_TX_AGC_SETTING_FOR_PRED_I
Calibration Setup
 Specify the input characterized

data file
 In XML format
 Disable DA calibration
 DA calibration now happens
with characterized predistortion
 Disable predistortion calibration
 Enable EnhLinTx calibration
 Configure calibration parameters
New Features
 Goal – Adjust the characterized

data to fit the calibrated device
 Measure the envelope gain and
apply for the adaptation of the DA calibration
characterized data
 Following two components are Determine RGI for
predistortion
introduced:
 Power adaptation
 Correct characterized power curve adaptation and slope
using the measured difference from correction
the measured power
 Slope correction
Data process
 Correct characterized slope using the
measured slope
Process – Power Adaptation
 Adjust power level between

 The maximum power of characterized data
 Measurement
Envelope Gain Predistortion AMAM
Estimated data
Measurement
Applied correction
Power (dBm)
Power (dBm)
Input Char data Input Char data
Envelope Gain DAC
Process – Slope Correction
 Adjust the slope of

 DAC (dB) vs Power AMAM curve of the characterized data
 Linear regression is applied for adjustment
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
 SlopeCorrectionFactor =
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Envelope Gain Predistortion AMAM
Power (dBm)
Measurement
Estimated data
Power (dBm)
Correction applied
Input Char data Input Char data
Envelope Gain DAC
Calibration TPL Log
Calibration QMSL Log
DA calibration execution
DA calibration data process
Predistortion results process
Calibration Output Logging
 Predistortion calibration data

logging mostly follows the format
of DA calibration and full
predistortion calibration
 Output HTML includes:
 DigGain raw points – Envelope gain
measurements
 Power Delta – Results of power
adaptation
 DigGain simple linear regression –
Results of slope correction
Output HTML
GSM NV Migration
GSM NV Migration – Multichain NVs
 From MSM8974/MDM9x25, GSM starts using new multichain NVs

 20 NVs per band per chain
 Define related data in consolidated NVs
 Lower memory footprint of NV in EFS and embedded side; this is more
important due to dual GSM chains
 Extendable design for new calibration data to avoid regular addition of new NVs
for calibration data
 Older targets will keep using existing NVs; no backward compatibility issue
 Legacy NVs will not be maintained in new targets
 Corresponding API for NV generation
 QLIB_GSM_RX_CALIBRATION_GENERATE_NV
 Generate Rx multichain NV
 RFNV_C0/C2_<band>_RX_CAL_DATA
 QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_IQ_Predist_Cal_Generate_NV
 Generate Tx multichain NV
 RFNV_C0/C2_<band>_TX_CAL_DATA
 QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Generate_NV
 Generate Tx multichain NV when only DA cal is performed
 RFNV_C0/C2_<band>_TX_CAL_DATA
Multichain NV – DA Cal QMSL API
QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Generate_NV(
unsigned char iChainId,
unsigned short iListSize,
void* aGSM_DA_Cal,
void *aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV,
 iNvModeId [input] – NV mode to set NV

 iChainId [input] – C0, C2, etc.
 aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV [output] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_Tx_
Calibration_NV struct containing NV items generated
Multichain NV – DA Cal QMSL API (cont.)
 bCachedByNVManager [input] – Store generated NV items in NV

 bCachedByNVManager == 1 – Store NV items
Note: This API is called when only DA cal is enabled, and predistortion and char predistortion calibrations
are disabled.
Multichain NV – DA Cal TPL Log
DA sweep
Generate NV
Multichain NV – DA Cal QMSL Log
Generate Multichain NV
Multichain NV – DA and Predistortion QMSL API
QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_IQ_Predist_Cal_Generate_NV(
void * aGSM_DA_Cal,
void * aGSM_PreDist_Cal,
void * aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV,

 aGSM_PreDist_Cal [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_PreDist_Cal_Result
struct containing raw predistortion calibration data; phase (in degrees) and
amplitude (in dBm)
 aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV [output] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_Tx_Calibration_
NV struct containing NV items generated
Multichain NV – DA and Predistortion QMSL API (cont.)

 Generated NV items are not written to mobile when QLIB_RFCAL_NV_
Multichain NV – DA and Predistortion TPL Log
DA sweep
Predistortion sweep
Generate NV
Multichain NV – DA and Predistortion QMSL Log
Multichain NV generation
Multichain NV – Char Predistortion QMSL API
QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_Enh_Cal_Generate_NV(
unsigned short iNvModeId, unsigned char iChainId,
unsigned int numGsmMeas,
void *gsmMeas,
unsigned int numEdgeMeas,
void *edgeMeas,
void* aGSM_EnhLinTx_Control,
void* aGSM_EnhLinTx_Data,
void* aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV,

 numGsmMeas [input] – Number of elements in gsmMeas array
 gsmMeas [input] – QMSL_DA_Measurement array
 numEdgeMeas [input] – Number of elements in edgeMeas array
 edgeMeas [input] – QMSL_DA_Measurement array
 aGSM_EnhLinTx_Control [input] – Control parameters, whether to perform
certain kinds of processing like power adaptation, slope correction, etc., to fit
the characterized data to the device
Multichain NV – Char Predistortion QMSL API (cont.)
 aGSM_EnhLinTx_Data [input] – Characterized data input to the enhanced

predistortion cal NV generation
 aGSM_Tx_Cx_NV [output] – Pointer to char buffer containing NV items
generated
 bCachedByNVManager [input] – Store generated NV items in NV
GSM Frame Sweep Calibration
GSM Frame Sweep Calibration
 Overview
 New GSM/EDGE Tx power calibration and characterized DPD calibration using
multiband/multichannel/multichain sweep
 Calibrates 4 bands x 3 channels/bands x (Tx and Rx cal) x 2 chains in a single sweep
 Provides excellent time performance
 Support from Dime/Triton modem family
 Technique
 DA calibration
 New method – Compute power error vs Power Control Level (PCL)
 Requires characterized power vs RGI data
 Old method – Compute power vs RGI
 Digital predistortion calibration
 Uses the same method as GSM characterized digital predistortion
 Characterizes AMAM/AMPM and adapt using power vs digital gain
 Characterized data read from XML
 Rx calibration
 Uses characterized Rx data, read from XML
 Uses two or three reference channels rather than one reference channel
 Provides superior results
DA Calibration Change
 Current DA calibration characterizes entire device

 Maximum characterized table size – 4(PA) * 32(RGI) * 2(GSM/EDGE) =
256 entries
 Actual operation only uses a small subset of these
 Maximum number of PCL entries – 16 (0 to 15 or 5 to 19) * 2 = 32 entries
 New proposal
 Create characterized data – Measured power vs RGI across phones
 For every target Tx power, pick RGI that always results in power >
target Tx power
 Use soft limit
 Do a Tx sweep by PCL and mode (effectively an RGI subset)
 NV storage
 Store characterized power vs RGI on phone and store power errors per PCL if Use PCL
Error NV option is chosen; otherwise, apply PCL error to the characterized data and
store adapted power vs RGI.
Frame Sweep Calibration
 New FTM command (GSM frame sweep) features

 Controls multiple Tx/Rx chains
 Specifies band/channel on a frame-by-frame basis
 Specifies Tx/Rx on a slot-by-slot basis
 Multiple Tx slot payload types
 Tx PCL/MCS
 Tx RGI/PA/mod and digital gain
 Tx dBm/MCS
 Multiple Rx slot payload types
 Rx RSSI
 Rx dBm
 For RF calibration, use:
 Tx PCL for uplink
 Rx RSSI for downlink
 Tx RGI with digital gain used for digital DPD calibration
Calibration Timeline/Channel
 Typical number of frames is 156 frames Frame

Comments
ID
 156 frames = (4 bands) * (3 channels/band) *
(12 frames/channel) + (4 frame intraband delay 1
GMSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
* chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA0
3 bands changes) GMSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
2
 12 frames/channel = (8 PCL/Rx frames + chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA1
4 DPD frames)/channel GMSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
3
 8 PCL frames = (16 PCLs) / (4 Tx slots/frame) * chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA2
(2 modulations) GMSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
4
 4 DPD frames = (4 RGIs) * (4 digital gains)/ chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA3
(4 Tx slots/frame) 8PSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
5
 There is a 4 frame delay between band chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA0
changes on the UE. Adding a second chain 8PSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
does not add any additional frames. 6
chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA1
 The table is an example of the general 8PSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
frame-level calibration sequence for GSM frame 7
chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA2
sweep calibration for one channel in one band.
8PSK power error cal (DA cal replacement) on 4 PCLs in two
 The sweep can be done as shown, i.e., DA 8 chains; Rx LNA calibration for LNA3. DA cal done for this
sweep followed by DPD sweep, for one channel
channel before moving on to another channel. If
it is done this way, there can only be 4 DPD Power vs digital gain for each RGI for Digital Gain candidate 1;
9
this will be used for characterized DPD curve adaptation
frames per channel due to the modem software
constraint of only being allowed to change 10
Power vs digital gain for each RGI for Digital Gain candidate 2;
modulation every 4 frames. However, currently this will be used for characterized DPD curve adaptation
QSPR is implemented to do the entire DA Power vs digital gain for each RGI for Digital Gain candidate 3;
sweep for all channels, followed by the DPD 11
sweep for all channels for each band. This
Power vs digital gain for each RGI for Digital Gain candidate 4;
allows for a number of DPD sweep frames that 12
is not a multiple of 4.
Callbox Requirement
Callbox Feature request Firmware recommendation
Anritsu 8820C GSM High-Speed ANRITSU,MT8820C,6201041369,22.6

Adjustment (HSADJ) 6 #002,1
Anritsu 8870 HSADJ This will require the newest firmware
(just released); will be supported soon
CMW500 GPRF
CMU200 TBD
Agilent 8960 Fast device tune TBD
Note: For Aeroflex, National Instrument, or LitePoint callboxes, consult the corresponding test equipment
vendors.
FTM Commands
 There are four new FTM commands:

 FTM_GSM_FRAME_SWEEP_CFG (FTM CMD ID 864)
 Passes the frame sweep sequence to the UE
 FTM_GSM_FRAME_SWEEP_EXEC (FTM CMD ID 865)
 Executes the frame sweep sequence
 FTM_GSM_FRAME_SWEEP_GET_RESULTS (FTM CMD ID 866)
 Returns downlink results, e.g., RSSI, to tool’s software
 FTM_GSM_FRAME_SWEEP_CLEANUP (FTM CMD ID 867)
 Cleans up the frame sweep state machine on the UE
 Runs automatically when FTM_GSM_FRAME_SWEEP_GET_RESULTS is executed
FTM Request Structure
 FTM command FTM Command Contents Frame Payload Slot Payload

FTM Header Band Slot Operation
 Defined as a set of frame payloads Number of Frames (nF) Channel Operation Payload
Number of Chains (nC) Number of Slots (nS)
 Header contains information on how Frame Payload 1 Slot Payload 1 for Chain 1
Frame Payload 2 Slot Payload 1 for Chain 2
many frames and chain information … …
Frame Payload nF Slot Payload 1 for Chain nC
follows in the payload Slot Payload 2 for Chain 1
Slot Payload 2 for Chain 2
 Frame payload …
Slot Payload 2 for Chain nC
 Each frame payload is made up of a …
…
set of slot payloads for each chain Slot Payload nS for Chain 1
Slot Payload nS for Chain 2
 Frame header indicates …
Slot Payload nS for Chain nC
band/channel on both chains and
the number of slots that follow
Slot Operation Operation Payload
 Slot payload Cmd Id Meaning TX PCL Tx RGI Rx RSSI
0 Tx PCL Modulation Modulation LNA State
 Each slot has an associated 1 Tx RGI PCL RGI
operation and operation payload 2 Rx RSSI Env Scale
FTM Response Structure
 Response packet FTM Response Contents Response Payload Result Payload

FTM Header Frame Index (1..nF) Result Cmd
 Must be made expandable Number of Response Payloads nR Chain Index (1..nC) Result Value
Response Payload 1 Slot Index (1..nS)
 Has a header to define number of Response Payload 2 # Results in Slot (nRS)
… Result Payload 1
responses Response Payload nR Result Payload 2
…
 Response payload Result Payload nRS
 Each has an identifier that maps

frame, chain, and slot
 Indicates measurement command Result Cmd Result Value
followed by value 2 RSSI RSSI (4bytes)
Six New QMSL APIs Added to Support GSM V4 Cal Sweep
 This API performs calibration for multiple bands/channels/chains and Tx/Rx in a

single sweep, and configures the frame sweep:
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_GSM_V4_CAL(

void* aGSM_V4_Cal_CMD,
unsigned short iGSM_V4_Cal_CMD_Len );
 \param aGSM_V4_Cal_CMD – Pointer to GSM V4 command array

 \param iGSM_V4_Cal_CMD_Len – Length in bytes of the apGSM_V4_Cal_CMD array
 This API disables predistortion on the UE:
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_GSM_V4_DISABLE_PREDIST( HANDLE

hResourceContext,
unsigned short iGSM_ChainID );
 \param iGSM_ChainID indicates the Tx/Rx chain for which predistortion is being disabled
Six New QMSL APIs Added to Support GSM V4 Cal Sweep (cont.)
 This API executes the frame sweep calibration:
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_GSM_V4_CAL_EXECUTE_SWEEP( HANDLE

hResourceContext );
 QLIB_FTM_GSM_V4_CAL() must be called prior to this command

 This API returns measured results from phone:
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_GSM_V4_CAL_GET_RESULTS(

void* psGSM_V4_Cal_FTM_Results );
 psGSM_V4_Cal_FTM_Results – GSM_V4_FTM_CMD_Response_Type structure

containing the measured results from the phone
 This API performs cleanup on the phone:
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_GSM_V4_CAL_CLEANUP( HANDLE hResourceContext );
 This API generates the Cx Tx NV item associated with GSM linear V4 calibration:
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_RFCal_GSM_V4_Cal_Tx_Generate_NV(

void* aGSM_V4_PCL_Cal,
void* aGSM_V4_DPD_Control,
void* aGSM_V4_DPD_Data,
void* aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV,
unsigned long iOrgPayloadSize,
 This API generates the Cx Tx NV item associated with GSM linear V4 calibration
(cont.):
 \param hResourceContext – Resource context that was returned from the call to
QLIB_ConnectServer()
 \param iNvModeId [input] – NV mode to set NV
 \param iChainId [input] – C0, C2, etc.
 \param aGSM_V4_PCL_Cal [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_V4_PCL_Cal_Result
structure containing V4 calibration sweep raw measurement data (PCL error, etc.)
 \param aGSM_V4_DPD_Control [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_EnhLinTx_Cal_Control
structure
 \param aGSM_V4_DPD_Data [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_EnhLinTx_Cal_Data
structure
 \param aGSM_Linear_Tx_NV [output] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_Tx_Calibration_NV
structure containing NV items generated
 \param iOrgPayloadSize [input] – Original size (bytes) of the payload in
aGSM_Tx_Cx_Cal_NV
Note: QLIB_RFCal_GSM_V4_Cal_Tx_Generate_NV is only used when Use PCL Error NV option is Yes; otherwise,
QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_RFCal_GSM_Tx_Enh_Cal_Generate_NV is used with the adapted power vs RGI
values.
Deliverables
 QSPR calibration XTT

 The following example tree shows the calibration node for GSM frame sweep.
GSM Frame Sweep
Changes in RFCalInput File
 GSM frame calibration requires three

categories of characterized data in the
RFcalInput .xml file.
 Two are the same as the previous
calibration technique:
 CharDPD data for predistortion
 RxGain data for Rx calibration
 A new GSM DA characterization is being
introduced to provide the relationship
between RGI and power.
 Data will be written to
RFNV_C0/C2_<band>_TX_CAL_DATA
when QSPR imports the characterization
file
QSPR RF – Calibration Node
 GSM frame sweep RF calibration

node Parameters applying to all tests
 Tx/Rx
 4 bands
 3 channels per band
 2 chains
 Parameters applying to all tests
 Band list entries are separated with
commas.
 Channel list entries are separated
per band with semicolons.
 Chain ID list entries are separated
with commas.
Callbox parameters
QSPR RF – Calibration Node (cont.)
 DA calibration parameters
 Perform DA Cal – Enables DA calibration, performed via PCL power-error calibration.
 Use PCL Error NV – If Yes, writes PCL power error tables to the Tx RF NV, along with the
previously written char DA calibration data. If No, adapts the char DA calibration data
based upon the PCL power error measurements. Only writes the adapted DA calibration
data to the NV, not to the PCL power error tables.
 MCS List – Modulation and coding scheme list. Generally, use 4 for GMSK and 9 for
8PSK, i.e., should be "4,9" in most cases.
 PCL List – List of PCLs for each band. Nominally, use SSS(4,19,1) for low bands, and
SSS(0,15,1) for high bands. The number of PCLs in the list must be evenly divisible by 4.
 Sanity Check: Max PCL Power Delta – The maximum PCL power-error measurement that
is allowed. Useful for detecting problems with RF calibration.
 DPD calibration parameters

 Function – Uses digital gain vs power data to adapt the char DPD data on a
phone-per-phone basis
 Perform DPD Cal – Enables DPD calibration
 Slope Correction Align Low – Aligns to the lowest power for performing
slope adaptation
 Do Slope Correction – Enables slope adaptation of DPD data.
 Do Piecewise-Linear Adaptation – Enables piecewise linear adaptation of DPD data
 Piecewise-Linear and Slope Correction will not be performed at the same time.
 Do Power Adaptation – Enables power adaptation of char DPD data
 Do Adaptive Max Power Est – Enables adaptive maximum power estimation
 This should be enabled.
 Use Adjacent RGI – If Yes, allows the algorithm to select a predistortion RGI that is
one step outside of the DPD RGI list if the DPD RGI list does not contain the
predistortion RGI
 Use DA Adaptation for PreDist RGI – If Yes, adapts the char DA calibration data with
the PCL power error data. This data is used to determine the predistortion RGI. If
No, uses the power measured for digital gain specified by DigGain for PreDist RGI
Method “No” to determine the predistortion RGI.
 DigGain for PreDist RGI Method “No” – Specifies the digital gain to use when Use
DA Adaptation for PreDist RGI is set to No
 DPD calibration parameters (cont.)

 DPD Digital Gain List – List of digital gains to sweep over per band
 DPD RGI List – List of RGIs to sweep over per band
 Power of Calibration RGI (Low Band) – Desired minimum power used for selecting a
predistortion RGI for low bands
 Power of Calibration RGI (High Band) – Desired minimum power used for selecting a
predistortion RGI for high bands
 DPD Modulation Type – Determines the modulation used for digital gain vs power
sweep
 0 = 8PSK
 1 = GMSK
 Calibration PA Range – PA range used for predistortion calibration
 DA Scaling – DAC scaling factor that determines the RAW DAC vs DAC index
in the NV
 NV Mappings – Always leave as 1,2,3
 Slope Correction Points – Digital gains used for determining the slope for performing
slope-based adaptation of char DPD data
 Sanity Check: Min DigGain Pow Delta – A sanity check for determining if the digital
gain vs RGI power sweep is functional. Checks to see if the power varies by the
specified amount for two adjacent digital gains for the same RGI, e.g., for RGI 20,
checks if the power(dig gain = 15) - power(dig gain = 5) > Min DigGain Pow Delta.
 DPD calibration parameter example
 Rx calibration parameters
 Rx Power List – List of Rx powers per LNS state list, nominally -90,-90,-54,-54
 LNA State List – List of LNA gain states, nominally 0,1,2,3
 Rx Gain Offsets Max Limits – List of maximum allowed Rx gain offset per LNA
state list per band
 Rx Gain Offsets Min Limits – List of minimum allowed Rx gain offset per LNA
state list per band
TPL Log
 The following sample TPL log shows the general procedure of GSM
Cal V4.
Sample QMSL Log for GSM Frame Sweep Calibration – Call Flow
1. Set FTM mode.

2. Disable predistortion.
3. Configure and send GSM frame
sweep request package to
phone.
4. Execute the sweep.
5. Fetch the result from the phone.
6. Populate Tx NV with new API.
The API must be called for each
band and each chain.
7. Populate Rx NV with the existing
API for each band/chain.
Change in NV
 GSM frame sweep calibration introduces a new

RFNV_DATA_TYPE_TX_PWR_ERR_LIST type in the Tx multichain NV.
 PCL power error –

dBm*100 vs PCL index
GSM Case Filing
 It is important to correctly file GSM cases with the proper problem area
code. This will ensure problem assignment is sent to the correct support
team for a prompt resolution.
Problem area code QDART support team

Record Type Wireless device support
Initial Problem Type Software
Problem Area 1 RF
Problem Area 2 RF Cal/Factory RF
Problem Area 3 RF Cal – GERAN
References
Ref. Document
Qualcomm Technologies
Q1 Application Note: Software Glossary for Customers CL93-V3077-1
Q2 Application Note: RTR86xx, QTR86xx, QSC61x5, QSC6x95, MDM6x00, MDM8220, and 80-VP447-13
MDM9x00 Select RF NV Items
Q3 Application Note: GSM Linear PA Calibration and Data Processing for NV Generation 80-V9774-16
Questions?
https://support.cdmatech.com

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GSM Factory RF Tx Linear Calibration

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Confidential and Proprietary – Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Revision Date Description

A Sep 2012 Initial release

B Jun 2013 Added multichain NV QMSL APIs

D Mar 2014 Updated Frame Sweep Timeline table

 In MSM8974 and later targets, new sets of multichain NV items were

Cal process Waveform generation/calibration

 GSM and low PA range EDGE

PA Ramp AMAM/ Digital RFA Gain PA

Digital Env Gain =

Digital Env Gain =NV_EDGE_LINEAR_TX_GAIN_PARAM_I

QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_FTM_DA_CAL(

 iListSize – Total elements in the aiSegLength, aiRgi, aiGsmMode, and

 Typically, DA calibration uses I/Q vs SLOT

 List mode calibration by using CWM-500

 Saturated result at the end of sweeping

 aGSM_DA_Cal [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_DA_Cal_Result struct

 For EDGE high PA state, the signal operates at nonlinear region. In a

 Fix PA to the highest gain state.

PA Gain State – Fixed at the highest gain state

AMAM/ Fixed – Digital RFA Gain PA

Note: For this example, NV_GSM_TX_AGC_SETTING_FOR_PRED_I = 16

 iPreDcDuration – The duration of the frequency correction segment

Frequency correction segment

Find the timing difference

 Example of adjust phase drift  Example of a cross-correlation plot

I(L-1) Target power I(L)

 To compute phase (degree):

I(L-1) Target power I(L)

 The reconstructed waveform is still

 Generate AMAM/AMPM NVs

 aGSM_PreDist_Cal [input] – Pointer to QMSL_GSM_PreDist_Cal_Result

Characterize multiple phones Apply characterized data for calibration

 Enter list of RGI ranges for  Enable enh Lin Tx calibration

Execute predistortion across 3 channels

Execute predistortion across different RGIs

Predistortion calibration execution

Predistortion calibration data process

 DEBUG – RF cal output CSV

 Characterized data XML

Curve fitting – Power

 Extra modes are introduced

QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_Tx_DA_Cal_Results_v2(

 bCachedByNVManager stores generated NV items in NV Manager.

QLIB_API unsigned char QLIB_RFCAL_GSM_EnhLinTx_Cal_Process_Predist_NV(

 aGSM_EnhLinTx_NV – NV items generated

 Specify the input characterized

 Goal – Adjust the characterized

 Adjust power level between

Envelope Gain Predistortion AMAM

Envelope Gain DAC

 Adjust the slope of

Envelope Gain Predistortion AMAM

Envelope Gain DAC

DA calibration data process

Predistortion results process

 Predistortion calibration data

 From MSM8974/MDM9x25, GSM starts using new multichain NVs

 iNvModeId [input] – NV mode to set NV

 bCachedByNVManager [input] – Store generated NV items in NV

 iNvModeId [input] – NV mode to set NV