Fundamentals of Management Seventh Canadian Edition Canadian 7Th Edition Robbins Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

Fundamentals of Management, 7ce
Chapter 5: Organizational Structure and Design
Fundamentals of Management Seventh Canadian

Edition Canadian 7th Edition Robbins DeCenzo and
Coulter ISBN 0132606925 9780132606929
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1. Organizational design is the process in which managers change or develop an organization's structure.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-1
Skill: Recall
Objective: 5.1 What are the major elements of organizational structure?
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
2. Designing is the fourth management function; it deals with what tasks are to be done, who is to do
them, and where decisions are to be made.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 5-2
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
3. Organizational design and organizational structure mean the same thing.
a true
b false
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-1

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-3
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
4. The degree to which activities in an organization are divided into separate jobs is called work
specialization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-4
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
5. The concept of work specialization can be traced back a couple of centuries to Adam Smith's
discussion of division of labour.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-5
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
6. Work specialization continues to be an important organizing mechanism and a source of ever-

increasing productivity.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-6
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
7. Customer departmentalization groups jobs on the basis of product or customer flow.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-7
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
8. Large public corporations must employ departmentalization by function because it is mandated in the
corporate charter.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-8
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
9. When cosmetics maker Estée Lauder organized its structure around its major brands and operated each
as a separate company, it was using product departmentalization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-9
Skill: Applied
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
10. John has just been informed that he will be working on a new team to develop a line of athletic shoes.
His team will include individuals from the design team, the production team, the finance team, as well
as the sales and marketing teams. It appears as though John will be working on a cross-functional
team.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-10
Skill: Applied
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
11. Accountability is the obligation or expectation to perform any assigned duties.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-11
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
12. Responsibility refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-12
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
13. The trend in recent years has been toward a smaller span of control. This trend is consistent with
managers' efforts to reduce costs and increase flexibility.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 5-13
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
14. When decisions tend to be made at lower levels in an organization, the organization is said to be
decentralized.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-14
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
15. Standardization refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and the
extent to which employee behaviour is guided by rules and procedures.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-15
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
16. When work specialization originally began to be implemented early in the twentieth century, employee
productivity initially rose.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-16
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
17. There are four basic elements in organizational structure.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-17
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
18. Staff authority is the ability to direct the work of any employee who does not have a higher rank in the
organization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-18
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
19. Line authority can be exerted only after a manager checks with his or her superior.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-19
Skill: Applied
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
20. Unity of command prevents an employee from trying to follow two conflicting commands at once.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-20
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
21. The advantage of work specialization is that it tends to result in high employee motivation and high
productivity.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-21
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
22. An organic organization tends to be characterized by high specialization, narrow spans of control, and
little participation in decision making by lower-level employees.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-22
Skill: Recall
Objective: 5.2 What factors affect organizational structure?
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
23. A mechanistic organization is characterized by rigid departmentalization, a clear chain of command,

and high formalization.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-23
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
24. The two prevalent organizational structure models in today's world are the organic organization and
the inorganic organization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-24
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
25. An organic organization tends to be flexible and have few formal rules.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-25
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
26. A mechanistic organization is bureaucratic and hierarchical.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-26
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
27. XYZ is an auto parts manufacturer that has a rigid, inflexible structure and relies heavily on the
practice of work specialization. The company can best be characterized as an organic organization.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-27
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
28. Innovators need the efficiency, stability, and tight controls of the mechanistic structure.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-28
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
29. The relationship between organizational size and structure tends to be linear.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 5-29
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
30. Joan Woodward attempted to view organizational structure from a technological perspective.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-30
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
31. Joan Woodward found that the most effective structure for unit production firms was mechanistic.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 5-31
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
32. In general, the more routine the technology, the more mechanistic the structure should be.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-32
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
33. The strength of the functional structure is that it focuses on results.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-33
Skill: Recall
Objective: 5.3 Beyond traditional organizational designs, how else can organizations be structured?
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
34. The stability of a mechanistic structure seems to work best in today's dynamic and uncertain business
environment.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-34
Skill:
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
35. Traditional organizational designs include the simple structure, the functional structure, and the
divisional structure.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-35
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
36. Employee empowerment is crucial in a team structure because there is no line of managerial authority
from top to bottom.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-36
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
37. A simple structure is an organizational design with low departmentalization, narrow spans of control,
and decentralized authority.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-37
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
38. A modular organization is a manufacturing organization that relies on outside suppliers to provide
product components that are then assembled into the final product.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-38
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
39. Project structures tend to be rigid and inflexible organizational designs.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-39
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
40. Matrix structure is an organizational structure that assigns specialists from different functional
departments to work on one or more projects led by project managers.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-40
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
41. The inspiration for the virtual organization structure came from the film industry.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-41
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
42. Horizontal boundaries separate employees by the amount of power they have in an organization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-42
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
43. Vertical boundaries separate employees by their rank in an organization.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-43
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
44. A significant advantage of the matrix structure is the clear chain of command from top to bottom of
the organization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-44
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
45. Employees in an organization with a matrix design can have two bosses for the same job.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-45
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
46. When an employee in a matrix structure finishes a project, she goes back to her functional
department.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-46
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
47. In a learning organization, employees must gather information and work privately on goals. In
addition, such organizations respect functional boundaries and emphasize a clear hierarchy.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-47
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
48. In a team structure there is a clear line of managerial authority from top to bottom.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-48
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
49. In a team structure, team members are not held responsible for their decisions.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-49
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
50. A virtual organization relies on freelancers who have no permanent status or position in the
organization.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-50
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
51. A virtual organization may disintegrate after it finishes its task.
a true
b false

Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-51
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: a. true
52. All learning organizations share a standard structure.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-52
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
53. Rules and bureaucratic mechanisms are more important in developed countries and less important in
less economically developed countries.
a true
b false
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-53
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: b. false
54. Organizational structure is defined as __________.
a set of managerial decisions and actions

a formal arrangement of jobs within an organization
a process that involves decisions about departmentalization
a process that involves decisions about span of control and formalization
the basis on which jobs are grouped together within an organization
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-54
Skill: Recall
Answer: a formal arrangement of jobs within an organization

55. Which of the following is the best classification for managers who are responsible for the essential
activities of the organization, including production and sales?
line managers
staff managers
matrix managers
boundaryless managers
network managers
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 5-55
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: line managers
56. The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs is called __________.
work specialization
departmentalization
chain of command
span of control
job differentiation
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-56
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: work specialization
57. An organization that divides its sales responsibilities into Ontario, Quebec, the Maritimes, and
Western Canada is using __________ departmentalization.
product
geographical
process
customer
functional
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 5-57
Skill: Recall
Miscellaneous:
Answer: geographical
58. Grouping activities on the basis of customer flow is called __________ departmentalization.
functional
product
geographical
process
customer

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detailed; nor is there any authentic source from which any facts can
be derived, as to the subsequent incidents of his life. All that is
related of him in the Acts, is, that after his separation from Paul, he
sailed to Cyprus; nor is any mention made, in any of the epistles, of
his subsequent life. The time and place of his death are also
unknown.
JOHN MARK.
Of the family and birth of this eminent apostolic associate, it is
recorded in the New Testament, that his mother was named Mary,
and had a house in Jerusalem, which was a regular place of
religious assembly, for the Christians in that city; for Peter on his
deliverance from prison, went directly thither, as though sure of
finding there some of the brethren; and he actually did find a number
of them assembled for prayer. Of the other connections of Mark, the
interesting fact is recorded, that Mary, his mother, was the sister of
Barnabas; and he was therefore by the maternal line, at least, of
Levite descent. From the mode in which Mary is mentioned, it would
seem that her husband was dead at that time; but nothing else can
be inferred about the father of Mark. The first event in which he is
distinctly mentioned as concerned, is the return of Paul and
Barnabas from Jerusalem to Antioch, after Peter’s escape. These
two apostles, on this occasion, are said to have “taken with them,
John whose surname was Mark;” and he is afterwards mentioned
under either of these names, or both together. The former was his
original appellation; but being exceedingly common among the Jews,
and being, moreover, borne by one of the apostles, it required
another distinctive word to be joined with it. It is remarkable that a
Roman, heathen appellation, was chosen for this
purpose;――Marcus, which is the true form in the original, being a
name of purely Latin origin, and one of the commonest praenomens
among the Romans. It might have been the name of some person
connected with the Roman government in Jerusalem, who had
distinguished himself as a friend or patron of the family: but the
conjecture is hardly worth offering.
After returning with Paul and Barnabas to Antioch, he was next

called to accompany them as an assistant in their apostolic voyage
through Cyprus and Asia Minor; but on their coming to Perga, in
Pamphylia, he suddenly left them and returned to Jerusalem;――a
change of purpose which was considered, by Paul at least, as
resulting from a want of resolution, steadiness, or courage, and was
the occasion of a very serious difficulty; for Mark having returned to
Antioch afterwards, was taken by Barnabas, as a proper associate
on the proposed mission over the former fields of labor; but Paul
utterly rejected him, because he had already, on the same route,
once deserted them, when they needed his services, and he
therefore refused to go in his company again. This difference was
the occasion of that unhappy contention, the incidents of which have
already been particularly detailed in the Life of Paul. Mark however,
being resolutely supported by his uncle, accompanied him to Cyprus;
but of his next movement, as little is known as in respect to
Barnabas. The next occasion on which his name is mentioned, is by
Paul, in his epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, as being
then with him in Rome; from which it appears, the great apostle had
now for a long time been reconciled to him, and esteemed him as a
valuable associate in the ministry. He is not mentioned in the epistle
to the Philippians, which therefore makes it probable that he had
then gone to the east. In the second epistle to Timothy, Paul
requests that Mark may be sent to him, because he is profitable to
him for the ministry; which is a most abundant testimony to his
merits, and to the re-establishment of Paul’s confidence in his zeal,
resolution, and ability. Whether he was actually sent to Rome as
requested, does not appear;――but he is afterwards distinctly
mentioned by Peter, in that epistle which he wrote from Babylon, as
being then with him. The title of “son,” which Peter gives him, seems
to imply a very near and familiar intimacy between them; and is
probably connected with the circumstance of his being made the
subject of the chief apostle’s particular religious instructions in his
youth, in consequence of the frequent meetings of the brethren at
the house of his mother, Mary. This passage is sufficient evidence
that after Mark had finally left Rome, he journeyed eastward and
joined Peter, his venerable first instructor, who, as has already been
abundantly shown in his Life, was at this time in Babylon, whence, in
the year 65, he wrote his first epistle.
“It is thought by Benson that Mark departed because his presence was required by the
apostles for converting the Jews of Palestine. But why then should Paul have expressed
indignation at his departure? The same objection will apply to the conjecture of others, that
he departed on account of ill-health. The most probable opinion is that of Grotius, Wetstein,
Bengel, Heumann, and others, that Mark was, at that time, somewhat averse to labors and
dangers; this, indeed, is clear from the words, καὶ μὴ συνελθόντα αὐτοῖς εἰς τό ἔργον. Thus
ἀφίστημι is used of defection in Luke viii. 13. 1 Timothy iv. 1. It should seem that Mark had
now repented of his inconstancy; (and, as Bengel thinks, new ardor had been infused into
him by the decree of the Synod at Jerusalem, and the free admission of the Gentiles;) and
hence his kind-hearted and obliging relation Barnabas wished to take him as a companion
of their present journey. But Paul, who had ‘no respect of persons,’ Galatians ii. 11, and
thought that disposition rather than relationship should be consulted, distrusted the
constancy of Mark, and was therefore unwilling to take him. This severity of Paul, however,
rendered much service both to Mark and to the cause of Christianity. For Mark profited by
the well-meant admonition, and was, for the future, more zealous and courageous; and the
gospel, being preached in different places at the same time, was the more widely
propagated. Nor were the bands of amity between Paul and Barnabas permanently
separated by this disagreement. See 1 Corinthians ix. 6. Nay, Paul afterwards received
Mark into his friendship. See Colossians iv. 10. 2 Timothy iv. 11. Philemon 23.” Kuinoel.
(Bloomfield’s Annotations, Vol. IV. p. 504, 505.)
his gospel.
The circumstance which makes this apostle more especially

eminent, and makes him an object of interest to the Christian reader,
is, that he is the author of an important portion of the historical
sacred canon. Respecting the gospel of Mark, the testimony of some
very early and valuable accounts given by the Fathers, is, that he
wrote under the general direction and superintendence of his
spiritual father, Peter; and from this early and uniform tradition, he
accordingly bears the name of “Peter’s interpreter.” The very
common story is also, that it was written in Rome, but this is not
asserted on any early or trustworthy authority, and must be
condemned, along with all those statements which pretend that the
chief apostle ever was in Italy. Others affirm also, that it was
published by him in Alexandria; but this story comes on too late
authority to be highly esteemed. Taking as true, the very reasonable
statement of the early Fathers, that when he wrote, he had the
advantage of the personal assistance or superintendence of Peter, it
is very fair to conclude, that Babylon was the place in which it was
written, and that its date was about the same with that of the epistle
of Peter, in which Mark is mentioned as being with him. Peter was
then old; and Mark himself, doubtless too young to have been an
intelligent hearer of Jesus, would feel the great importance of having
a correct and well-authorized record prepared, to which the second
generation of Christians might look for the sure testimonies of those
divine words, whose spoken accounts were then floating in the
parting breath of the few and venerable apostles, and in the
memories of their favored hearers. As long as the apostles lived and
preached, there was little or no need of a written gospel. All believers
in Christ had been led to that faith by the living words of his inspired
hearers and personal disciples. But when these were gone, other
means would be wanted for the perpetuation of the authenticated
truth; and to afford these means to the greatest possible number,
and to those most especially in want of such a record, from the fact
that they had never seen nor heard either Jesus or his personal
disciples,――Mark chose the Greek as the proper language in which
to make this communication to the world.
His gospel is so much like that of Matthew, containing hardly a

single passage which is not given by that writer, that it has been very
confidently believed by many theologians who suppose an early date
to Matthew’s gospel, that Mark had that gospel before him when he
wrote, and merely epitomized it. The verbal coincidences between
the two gospels, in their present state, are so numerous and striking,
that it has been considered impossible to account for them on any
other supposition than this. But these and other questions have filled
volumes, and have exercised the skill of critics for ages; nor can any
justice be done them by a hasty abstract. It seems sufficient,
however, to answer all queries about these verbal coincidences,
without meddling with the question of prior date, by a reference to
the fact that, during the whole period, intervening between the death
of Christ, and the writing of the gospels, the apostles and first
preachers had been proclaiming, week after week, and day after
day, an oral or spoken gospel, in which they were constantly
repeating before each other, and before different hearers, the
narrative of the words and actions of Jesus. These accounts by this
constant routine of repetition, would unavoidably assume a regular
established form, which would at last be the standard account of the
acts and words of the Savior. These, Mark, of course, adopted when
he wrote, and the other evangelists doing the same, the
coincidences mentioned would naturally result; and as different
apostles, though speaking under the influence of inspiration, would
yet make numerous slight variations in words, and in the minor
circumstances expressed or suppressed, the different writers
following one account or the other, would make the trifling variations
also noticeable. The only peculiarity that can be noticed in Mark, is,
that he very uniformly suppresses all those splendid testimonies to
the merits and honors of Peter, with which the others abound,――a
circumstance at once easily traceable to the fact that Peter himself
was the immediate director of the work, and with that noble modesty,
which always distinguished the great apostolic chief, would naturally
avoid any allusion to matters which so highly exalted his own merits.
Otherwise, the narrative of Mark can be characterized only as a plain
statement of the incidents in the public life of Jesus, with very few of
his discourses, and none of his words at so great length as in the
other gospels; from which it is evident, that an account of his acts
rather than his sermons,――of his doings rather than his sayings, is
what he designed to give.
“Among all the quotations hitherto made from the writings of the most ancient Fathers,
we find no mention made of Mark’s having published his gospel at Alexandria. This report,
however, prevailed in the fourth century, as appears from what is related by Eusebius,
Epiphanius, and Jerome. It is first mentioned by Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History, lib. ii.
cap. 16. It appears from the word φασιν, that Eusebius mentions this only as a report; and
what is immediately added in the same place, that the persons, whose severity of life and
manners is described by Philo, were the converts which Mark made at Alexandria, is
evidently false. Epiphanius, in his fifty-first Heresy, ch. vi. gives some account of it.
According to his statement, Mark wrote his gospel in Rome, while Peter was teaching the
Christian religion in that city; and after he had written it, he was sent by Peter into Egypt. A
similar account is given by Jerome in his ‘Treatise on Illustrious Men,’ ch. viii. Lastly, the
Coptic Christians of the present age consider Mark as the founder and first bishop of their
church; and their Patriarch styles himself, ‘Unworthy servant of Jesus Christ, called by the
grace of God, and by his gracious will appointed to his service, and to the see of the holy
evangelist Mark.’ The Copts pretend likewise, that Mark was murdered by a band of
robbers, near the lake Menzale; but if this account be true, he was hardly buried at
Alexandria, and his tomb in that city must be one of the forgeries of early superstition.”
(Michaelis, Vol. III. pp. 207‒209.)
That it is not wholly new to rank Mark among the apostles, is shown by the usages of the
Fathers, who, in the application of terms, are authority, as far as they show the opinions
prevalent in their times. Eusebius says, “that in the eighth year of Nero, Anianus, the first
bishop of Alexandria after Mark, the apostle and ♦evangelist, took upon him the care of that
church.” Πρωτος μετα Μαρκον τον αποστολον και ευαγγελιστην, της εν Αλεξανδρειᾳ παροίκιας,
Ανιανος την λειτουργιαν διαδεχεται. Church History, I. 2. cap. 24. (Lardner’s Credibility of
Gospel History, Vol. III. p. 176.)
♦ “avangelist” replaced with “evangelist”
Of the later movements of Mark, nothing is known with certainty.

Being evidently younger than most of the original apostles, it is not
unreasonable to suppose that he long survived them; but his field of
labor is unknown. The common tradition among the Fathers, after
the third century, is, that he went to Alexandria, and there founding a
church, became bishop of it till his death;――but the statement is
mixed up with so much that is palpably false, that it is not entitled to
any credit.
LUKE.
Very little direct mention is made of this valuable contributor to the sacred canon, in any
part of the New Testament; and those notices which seem to refer to him, are so vague, that
they have been denied to have any connection with the evangelist. The name which is
given in the title of his gospel is, in the original form, Lucas, a name undoubtedly of Latin
origin, but shown by its final syllable to be a Hebrew-Greek corruption and abridgment of
some pure Roman word; for it was customary for the New Testament writers to make these
changes, to accord with their own forms of utterance. Lucas, therefore, is an abridgment of
some one of two or three Roman words, either Lucius, Lucilius or Lucanus; and as the
writers of that age were accustomed to write either the full or abridged form of any such
name, indifferently, it seems allowable to recognize the Lucius mentioned in Acts and in the
Epistle to the Romans, as the same person with the evangelist. From the manner in which
this Lucius is mentioned in the last chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, it would seem that
he was related to Paul by blood or marriage, since the apostle mentions him along with
Jason and Sosipater, as his “kinsman.” In the beginning of the thirteenth chapter of Acts,
Lucius is called “the Cyrenian,” whence his country may be inferred to have been the
province of northern Africa, called Cyrene, long and early the seat of Grecian refinement,
art, eloquence and philosophy, and immortalized by having given name to one of the sects
of Grecian philosophers,――the Cyrenaic school, founded by Aristippus. Whether he was a
Jew by birth, or a heathen, is not known, and has been much disputed. His birth and
education in that seat of Grecian literature, may be reasonably considered as having
contributed to that peculiar elegance of his language and style, which distinguishes him as
the most correct of all the writers of the New Testament.
His relationship to Paul, (if it may be believed on so slight grounds,) was probably a
reason for his accompanying him as he did through so large a portion of his travels and
labors. He first speaks of himself as a companion of Paul, at the beginning of his first
voyage to Europe, at Troas; and accompanies him to Philippi, where he seems to have
parted from him, since, in describing the movements of the apostolic company, he no longer
uses the pronoun “we.” He probably staid in or near Philippi several years, for he resumes
the word, in describing Paul’s voyage from Philippi to Jerusalem. He was his companion as
far as Caesarea, where he probably staid during Paul’s visit to Jerusalem; remained with
him perhaps during his two years’ imprisonment in Caesarea, and was certainly his
companion on his voyage to Rome. He remained with him there till a short time before his
release; and is mentioned no more till Paul, in his last writing, the second epistle to Timothy,
says, “Luke alone is with me.” Beyond this, not the slightest trace remains of his history.
Nothing additional is known of him, except that he was a physician; for he is mentioned by
Paul, in his Epistle to the Colossians, as “Luke, the beloved physician.” The miserable
fiction of some of the papistical romances, that Luke was also a painter, and took portraits of
Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, &c. is almost too shamelessly impudent to be ever mentioned;
yet the venerable Cave, the only writer who has heretofore given in full the Lives of the
Apostles, refers to it, without daring to deny its truth!
(That Luke was also regarded by the Fathers as an apostle, is shown by the fact that, in
the Synopsis ascribed to Athanasius, it is said, ‘that the gospel of Luke was dictated by the
apostle Paul, and written and published by the blessed apostle and physician, Luke.’)
his writings.
But a far more valuable testimony of the character of Luke is found in those noble works
which bear his name in the inspired canon. His gospel is characterized by remarkable
distinctness of expression and clearness of conception, which, with that correctness of
language by which it is distinguished above all the other books of the New Testament,
conspire to make it the most easy to be understood of all the writings of the New Testament;
and it has been the subject of less comment and criticism than any other of the sacred
books. From the language which he uses in his preface, about those who had undertaken
similar works before him, it would seem that though several unauthorized accounts of the
life and discourses of Jesus were published before him, yet neither of the other gospels
were known by him to have been written. He promises, by means of a thorough
investigation of all facts to the sources, to give a more complete statement than had ever
before been given to those for whom he wrote. Of the time when he wrote it, therefore, it
seems fair to conclude, that it was before the other two; but a vast number of writers have
thought differently, and many other explanations of his words have been offered. Of his
immediate sources of information,――the place where he wrote, and the particular person
to whom he addresses it, nothing is known with sufficient certainty to be worth recording.
Of the Acts of the Apostles, nothing need be said in respect to the contents and object,
so clear and distinct is this beautiful piece of biography, in all particulars. Its date may be
fixed with exactness at the end of the second year of Paul’s first imprisonment, which,
according to common calculations, is A. D. 63. It may well become the modern apostolic
historian, in closing with the mention of this writing his own prolonged yet hurried work, to
acknowledge the excellence, the purity, and the richness of the source from which he has
thus drawn so large a portion of the materials of the greatest of these Lives. Yet what can
he add to the bright testimonies accumulated through long ages, to the honor and praise of
this most noble of historic records? The learned of eighteen centuries have spent the best
energies of noble minds, and long studious lives, in comment and in illustration of its clear,
honest truth, and its graphic beauty; the humble, inquiring Christian reader, in every age
too, has found, and in every age will find, in this, the only safe and faithful outline of the
great events of the apostolic history. The most perfect and permanent impression, which a
long course of laborious investigation and composition has left on the author’s mind, of the
task which he now lays down, exhausted yet not disgusted, is, that beyond the apostolic
history of Luke, nothing can be known with certainty of the great persons of whose acts he
treats, except the disconnected and floating circumstances which may be gleaned by
implication from the epistles; and so marked is the transition from the pure honesty of the
sacred record, to the grossness of patristic fiction, that the truth is, even to a common eye,
abundantly well characterized by its own excellence. On the passages of such a narrative,
the lights of ♦ criticism, of Biblical learning, and of contemporary history, may often be
needed, to make the sometimes unconnected parts appear in their true historic relations.
The writer who draws therefrom, too, the facts for a connected biography, may, in the
amplifications of a modern style, perhaps more to the surprise than the admiration of his
readers, quite protract the bare simplicity of the original record, “in many a winding bout of
linked” wordiness, “long drawn out,”――but the modernizing extension and illustration,
though it may bring small matters more prominently to the notice and perception of the
reader, can never supply the place of the original,――to improve which, comment and
illustration are alike vain. When will human learning and labor perfect the exposition and the
illustration of the apostolic history? Its comments are written in the eternal hope of
uncounted millions;――its illustrations can be fully read only in the destiny of ages. This
record was the noble task of “the beloved physician;” in his own melodious language――“To
give knowledge to the people, of salvation by remission of sins through the tender mercy of
our God, whereby the day-spring from on high hath visited us,――to give light to them that
sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,――to guide our feet in the way of peace!”
♦ “critiicism” replaced with “criticism”

♦ERRATA.
♦ All errata noted in this list has been corrected in the foregoing text.
Page 7, line 32, for ‘Griechische’ read ‘Griechisch.’

Page 9, line 7, for ‘verse 7,’ read ‘verse 2.’
Page 10, line 22, for ‘15’, read ‘25.’
Page ♦14, line 38, for ‘Indus,’ read ‘Euphrates.’
♦ “11” replaced with “14”
Page 18, line 36, for ‘Pertuensis,’ read ‘Portuensis.’

Page 25, line 36, for ‘dreams,’ read ‘dream.’
Page 38, line 33, for ‘not,’ read ‘only once.’
Page 45, line 17, delete ‘the number of’.
Page 65, line 23, for ‘after,’ read ‘over;’
line 37 for ‘was,’ read ‘were.’
Page 67, line 39, for ‘avert,’ read ’snatch.’
Page 78, line 2, for ‘have,’ read ‘has;’
line 26, for ‘accounts,’ read ‘account.’
Page 107, line 26, before ‘not,’ read ‘he.’
Page 110, line 22, for ‘an hour,’ read ‘three hours.’
Page 140, line 28, for ‘proposition,’ read ‘preposition.’
Page 220, line 44, for ‘Or that,’ read ‘And by.’
Page 224, line 20, after ‘sake,’ insert ‘of.’
Page 225, line 25, for ‘of any,’ read ‘by any.’
Page 242, line 28, for ‘Aegian,’ read ‘Aegean.’
Page 249, line 34, for ‘as early as A. D. 200,’ read ‘before A. D. 100;’
line 35, after ‘books,’ read ‘supposed to have been written before that
translation.’
Page 262, line 15, for ‘inherits,’ read ‘inherit.’
Page 288, line 25, for ‘second,’ read ‘third.’
Page 312, line 27, for ‘or,’ read ‘and.’
Page 508, transpose ‘Lois,’ in line 31, with ‘Eunice,’ in line 35.
Page 522, line 24, for ‘Nereid,’ read ‘Naiad.’
Page 45, line 9, before ‘baptizer,’ insert ‘his.’
Page 10, line 61, in the second Hebrew word, the final letter should be not ‫ ה‬but ‫ח‬.
The statement on page 339, respecting the exposition of the Apocalypse by Clarke,
appears, on a more careful investigation, to represent his views rather too decidedly as
favoring the ancient interpretation. His own notes are such as unquestionably support that
interpretation; but he has so far conformed to popular prejudice, as to admit on his pages
some very elaborate anti-papal explanations from an anonymous writer, (J. E. C.) which,
however, he is very far from adopting as his own. The uniform expression made by his own
clear and learned notes, must be decidedly favorable to the ancient interpretation, and the
value of his noble work is vastly enhanced by this circumstance.
The view on pages 355 and 361, of the locality of Philip’s and Nathanael’s conversion, is
undoubtedly erroneous. I overlooked the form of the expression――“The next day, Jesus
would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip,” &c. This shows that he was still at Bethabara
when he called both Philip and Nathanael.
materials.
In the narrative of the lives of the twelve, the author has been driven entirely to the labor
of new research and composition, because the task of composing complete biographies of
these personages had never before been undertaken on so large a scale. Cave’s Lives of
the Apostles, the only work that has ever gone over that ground, is much more limited in
object and extent than the task here undertaken, and afforded no aid whatever to the author
of this work, in those biographies. Both the text and the notes of that part of the work are
entirely new; nothing whatever, except a few acknowledged quotations, of those
biographies, having ever appeared before on this subject. A list of the works which were
resorted to in the prosecution of this new work, would fill many pages, and would answer no
useful purpose, after the numerous references made to each source in connection with the
passage which was thence derived. It is sufficient in justice to himself to say that all those
references were made by the author himself; nor in one instance that can now be
recollected, did he quote second-hand without acknowledging the intermediate source. In
the second part of the work, the labor was in a field less completely occupied by previous
labor. But throughout that part of the work also, the whole text of the narrative is original;
and all the fruits of others’ research are, with hardly one exception, credited in the notes,
both to the original, and to the medium through which they were derived. In this portion of
the work, much labor has been saved, by making use of the very full illustrations given in
the works of those who had preceded the author on the life of Paul, whose biography has
frequently received the attention and labor of the learned.
The following have been most useful in this part of the work. “Hermanni Witsii
Meletemata Leidensia, Part 1. Vita Pauli Apostoli.” 4to. Leidiae, 1703.――“Der Apostel
Paulus. Von J. T. Hemsen.” 8vo. Goettingen, 1830.――“Pearson’s Annals of Paul,
translated, with notes, by Jackson Muspratt Williams.” 12mo. Cambridge, 1827.――Much
valuable matter contained in the two first, however, was excluded by want of room.
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Fundamentals of Management, 7ce

Chapter 5: Organizational Structure and Design

Fundamentals of Management Seventh Canadian

Chapter 05: Organizational Structure and Design

3. Organizational design and organizational structure mean the same thing.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-1

6. Work specialization continues to be an important organizing mechanism and a source of ever-

7. Customer departmentalization groups jobs on the basis of product or customer flow.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-2

11. Accountability is the obligation or expectation to perform any assigned duties.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-3

12. Responsibility refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-4

17. There are four basic elements in organizational structure.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-5

23. A mechanistic organization is characterized by rigid departmentalization, a clear chain of command,

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-6

26. A mechanistic organization is bureaucratic and hierarchical.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-7

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-8

33. The strength of the functional structure is that it focuses on results.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-9

39. Project structures tend to be rigid and inflexible organizational designs.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-10

43. Vertical boundaries separate employees by their rank in an organization.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-11

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-12

51. A virtual organization may disintegrate after it finishes its task.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-13

52. All learning organizations share a standard structure.

54. Organizational structure is defined as __________.

a set of managerial decisions and actions

Answer: a formal arrangement of jobs within an organization

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-14

Answer: line managers

Answer: work specialization

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Canada Inc. 5-15

After returning with Paul and Barnabas to Antioch, he was next

The circumstance which makes this apostle more especially

His gospel is so much like that of Matthew, containing hardly a

♦ “avangelist” replaced with “evangelist”

Of the later movements of Mark, nothing is known with certainty.

♦ “critiicism” replaced with “criticism”

Page 7, line 32, for ‘Griechische’ read ‘Griechisch.’

♦ “11” replaced with “14”

Page 18, line 36, for ‘Pertuensis,’ read ‘Portuensis.’

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1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full