Contents

*• Weaving machine classifications

*• Weaving Machine parts
*• Basic movements of weaving machine
*• Shedding motions devices
*• Cams shedding device
*• Dobby shedding device
*• Jacquard shedding device
*• Theory of automation
*• Tack –up device
*• let – off device
*• moving &stops devices
*• Lubrication system
* Weaving is a method of textile production in which two sets of yarns or
threads are interlaced to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting,
crocheting, felting, and braiding. The longwise threads are called the warp
and the crosswise threads are the weft, or filling.

* Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in
place while filling threads are woven through them.

* The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the
weave. Woven cloth can be plain or classic (in one colour or a simple
pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic design.

* Weaving is the interlacing of warp and filling yarns perpendicular to each

other. There are practically an endless number of ways of interlacing warp
and filling yarns. Each different way results in a different fabric structure.
* Braiding is probably the simplest way of fabric formation.
*Fabrics are used for many applications such as apparel, home
furnishings, and industrial.

*The most commonly used fabric forming methods are weaving,

braiding, knitting, tufting, and nonwoven manufacturing.

* Weaving of yarns into a fabric is performed on a "weaving

machine" which has also been called a "loom". However, "loom"
is more descriptive of a "shuttle weaving machine". For shuttleless
"looms", the term "weaving machine" is more appropriate since
these machines are as sophisticated as any other machine that
exists today. A typical modern weaving machine consists of up to
5000 parts working together in a very precise manner.
*-Weaving Machines
* In practice, the weaving machines are named after their filling insertion systems.
Schematics of the filling insertion systems that are used in the market. Based on the
filling insertion systems, the weaving machines can be classified as shuttle and
shuttleless weaving machines.

* Shuttle looms have been used for centuries to make woven fabrics. In this type of
loom, a shuttle, which carries the filling yarn wound on a quill, is transported from
one side to the other and back.

* In the mid-20th century, other weaving machines started to emerge that used other
forms of filling insertion mechanisms such as air, projectile, rapier and water.

* In reference to shuttle looms, these machines are called shuttleless looms or

shuttleless weaving machines. Today, the shuttle looms have become obsolete and are
not manufactured anymore except for some very special niche markets.
*Shuttle Loom
* The shuttle loom is the oldest type of weaving loom which uses a shuttle which contains a
bobbin of filling yarn that appears through a hole situated in the side. The shuttle is batted
across the loom and during this process, it leaves a trail of the filling at the rate of about
110 to 225 picks per minute (ppm). Although very effective and versatile, the shuttle looms
are slow and noisy. Also the shuttle sometimes leads to abrasion on the warp yarns and at
other times causes thread breaks. As a result the machine has to be stopped for tying the
broken yarns.
*Advantages of shuttle looms
* 1. Shuttle loom is more economical
* 2. It is suitable for low scale production types industry
* 3. Easy to operate
* 4. Separate parts are available in the market

*Disadvantages of shuttle looms

* 1. Causes more noise in working field
* 2. Shuttle cause abrasion on warp yarn which increase the wastage percentage
* 3. Production rate is slower than shuttle-less loom
* 4. Higher labour cost
* 5. Value of fabric lost because of shuttle movement
* 6. Efficiency is lower than shuttle-less loom
*The shuttleless loom can be
classified into the below
categories according to the
weft insertion mechanism
used in the shuttleless loom:

*1 - Projectile loom
*2 - Rapier loom
*3 - Air jet loom
*4 - Water jet loom
* Advantages of shuttle less loom:
* ▪Weaving production is high due to high speed of the machine.
* ▪It reduces the labor cost due to higher allocation of loom and productivity.
* ▪It facilities defect free cloth during weaving.
* ▪Shuttle less loom creates less noise.
* ▪Pirn winding process is eliminate in shuttle less loom.
* ▪It keeps better fabric value.
* ▪Easy maintenance and less work load for workers.
* ▪Used to high scale production.
* ▪Efficiency of shuttle less is higher than shuttle loom.
* ▪Accident percentage is low.
* ▪It is easy to market trades.

* Disadvantages of shuttle less loom:

* ▪ The price of shuttle less loom is higher than shuttle loom.
* ▪ Experienced weavers are required for operating this shuttle less loom.