Solution Manual For Miller and Freunds Probability and Statistics For Engineers 9th Edition Johnson Miller Freund 0321986245 9780321986245

Solution Manual for Miller and
Freunds Probability and Statistics

for Engineers 9th Edition Johnson
Miller Freund 0321986245
9780321986245
Full link download:

https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-miller-and-freunds-probability-and-statistics-
for-engineers-9th-edition-johnson-miller-freund-0321986245-9780321986245/
Chapter 2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ORGANIZATION AND
DESCRIPTION OF
DATA
2.1 Pareto chart of the accident data

20
15
Frequency
10
5
0
Fingers Eyes Arm Leg
2.2 a) Pareto chart of damage due to breakage (in thousands of dollars) is

120
80
Loss
40
0
T. paper Towel Napkin Other

6 CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF DATA
b) Percent of the loss that occurs in making toilet paper is

132 132
100 · = 100 · = 42.58%.
132 + 85 + 43 + 50 310
c) Percent of the loss that occurs in making toilet paper or hand towels is
132 + 85 217
100 · = 100 · = 70%.
310 310
2.3 The dot diagram of the energy is
●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
0 5 10 15
Energy (milliwatts per square centimeter)

2.4 The dot diagram of the paper strength data is
●●● ● ●● ● ●●● ●●● ●
110 115 120 125 130 135 140
strength (pounds)
2.5 The dot diagram of the suspended solids data reveals that one reading, 65 ppm, is very large. Other
readings taken at about the same time, but not given here, confirm that the water quality was bad at
that time. That is, 65 is a reliable number for that day.
●● ● ●●● ●
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Suspended solids (ppm)

CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF DATA 7
2.6 The dot diagram of the times for the power outages shows one large value, 10.0 hours.
● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ●
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time(hours)
2.7 (a)
●
●
●●●●● ● ●
0 2 4 6 8
Time between arrivals(sec )
(b) The one extremely large gap between 2.0 and 7.3 seconds is an outlier. This could be due to
neutrinos that were missed or the possibility that two explosions occurred.
2.8 (a) The class marks are 150.0, 170.0, 190.0, 210.0, 230.0 and 250.0.
(b) The class interval is 20.
2.9 (a) Yes. This is the number of observations in the class [140.0, 160.0).
(b) No. It is not possible to determine how many specimens have breaking strength 160.
(c) Yes. This is the total number of observations in the two classes [220.0, 240.0)
and [240.0, 260.0).
(d) No. It is not possible to determine how many of the specimens have strength 240.
(e) No. It is not possible to determine how many of the specimens have strength 260.
2.10 The frequency distribution is given in the table where the right-hand end point is included.

Class Frequency
(60, 70] 5
(70, 80] 11
(80, 90] 9
(90, 100] 18
(100, 110] 6
(110, 120] 1
The histogram is
15
Frequency
10
5
0
60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Diameter (nM)
2.11 We first convert the data in the preceding exercise to a “less than or equal” distribution. The ogive is
plotted below.
No. less than

x or equal
60.0 0
70.0 5
80.0 16
90.0 25
100.0 43
110.0 49
120.0 50

50
Number less than or
0 10 30
equal
60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Diameter (nM)
2.12 These data can be grouped into the following frequency distribution where the right hand endpoint is
excluded:
Class Class
limits Frequency limits Frequency
[1.0, 2.0) 10 [7.0, 8.0) 6
[2.0, 3.0) 10 [8.0, 9.0) 4
[3.0, 4.0) 9 [9.0, 10.0) 4
[4.0, 5.0) 11 [10.0, 11.0) 1
[5.0, 6.0) 12 [11.0, 12.0) 2
[6.0, 7.0) 10 [12.0, 13.0) 1
The histogram is
20
15
Frequency
10
5
0
2 4 6 8 10 12
Ignition times

2.13 We first convert the data in the preceding exercise to a “less than” distribution.
x No. less than x No. less than

1.0 0 8.0 68
2.0 10 9.0 72
3.0 20 10.0 76
4.0 29 11.0 77
5.0 40 12.0 79
6.0 52 13.0 80
7.0 62
The ogive is
80
Number less than
60
40
20
0
2 4 6 8 10 12
Seconds/100
2.14 After ordering the data we obtain the frequency distribution.
Temperature (◦ C) Frequency
[1.10, 1.20) 1
[1.20, 1.30) 11
[1.30, 1.40) 16
[1.40, 1.50) 15
[1.50, 1.60) 4
[1.60, 1.70) 3
Total 50
The relative frequency histogram is

0.3
0.2
frequency
Relative
0.1
0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Temperature ( .1 degree C)
2.15 The cumulative frequencies for less than the upper limit of the interval are
Cumulative
Temperature (◦ C) Frequency
[1.10, 1.20) 1
[1.20, 1.30) 12
[1.30, 1.40) 28
[1.40, 1.50) 43
[1.50, 1.60) 47
[1.60, 1.70) 50
Total 50
and the ogive is

Cumulative frequency
50 ●
●
●
40
30 ●
20
●
10
0 ● ●
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Temperature ( .1 degree C)

2.16 The frequency table is:
Number Number
of accidents Frequency of accidents Frequency
0 15 4 8
1 12 5 5
2 11 6 2
3 7
The bar chart is

15
10
Frequency
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of accidents
2.17 The empirical cumulative distribution function is

0.8
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Distribution
Empirical
1.0
0 5 10 15
Energy

2.18 The empirical cumulative distribution is:
0.8
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Distribution
Empirical
1.0
−2 0 2 4 6 8
Number of
accidents
2.19 No. We tend to compare areas visually. The area of the large sack is far more than double the area of
the small sack. The large sack should be modified so that its area is slightly less than double that of
the small sack.
2.20 The pie chart is
Very good
Excellent
Very poor
Good Poor
Fair
2.21 We first note that the classes are not of equal length. If the distribution of the data were uniform
over a single interval covering all of the data, one would expect that longer classes would have higher
counts. To correct for this, the area of each rectangle should be proportional to the proportion of
observations in the class. Of course, when the class lengths are equal, plotting the height equal to the
class frequency results in rectangles with area proportional to the corresponding class proportions.

The incorrect histogram is
30
Frequency
20
10
0
200 250 300 350 400 450
Height (nM)
The correct histogram uses height = (relative frequency)/ width. The height of the first rectangle is
(relative frequency)/width = (3/50)/40 = 0.0015.
This correct histogram is

0.008
Density
0.004
0.000
200 250 300 350 400 450

Height (nM)
2.22 The stem and leaf display is:
19* 8
20* 02335788
21* 247
22* 056
23*
24* 3
2.23 The stem and leaf display is:
1**
2** 67, 88, 95
3** 17, 55, 70, 83, 91
4** 05, 19, 34, 62
5** 08, 40
6** 12

2.24 (a) The data are: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18.
(b) The data are: 230, 230, 231, 234, 236.
(c) The data are: 203, 218, 235, 257.
(d) The data are: 3.21, 3.23, 3.24, 3.24, 3.27.
2.25 The stem-and-leaf display is: Leaf Unit = 0.010
1.1 1
1.1
1.2 11134
1.2 557789
1.3 111244
1.3 5666666679
1.4 012222333444
1.4 788
1.5 00
1.5 66
1.6 00
1.6 8
2.26 (a) The stem-and-leaf display is:
10*
10t
10f 4
10s 6667
10· 888999
11* 0011
11t 22
11f 5
11s
11·
12*
12t
12f 5
12s
12· 8

(b) The data are:

534, 534, 534, 534, 535, 535, 536, 536, 536, 537, 538, 539, 541.
2.27 (a) Would like a high salary-outlier that is large.
(b) Would like a high score-outlier that is large.
(c) Near average.
2.28 (a) Would like finish early-outlier that is small.
(b) Near average.
2.29 Greater on the mean. It would not influence the median for sample size 3 or more.
2.30 Greater on the Range. It would influence the value of the range but not the interquartile range if the
sample size is at least 5.
2.31 (a) x = (−6 + 1 − 4 − 3)/4 = −3
(b)
(−6 − (−3))
2 + (1 −2 2
(−3)) + (−4 − (−3)) 2
s2 =
+ (−3 − (−3))
4−
1
√
= (9 + 16 + 1 + 0)/3 = 8.667 so s = 8.667 = 2.94.
(c) The mean of the observation minus specification is −3 so, on average, the observations are
below the specification. On average, the holes are too small.
2.32 (a)
366 + 381 + 442 + 452 + 484 + 492 + 508 + 601 + 828

x =
9
4554
= = 506 m
9
(b)
366 + 381 + 442 + 452 + 484 + 492 + 508 + 601

x =
8
3726
= = 465.75 m
8
(c) The average drops by over 40 meters, about 8 %, when the one very tall building is excluded.
2.33 (a) x = (35 + 37 + 38 + 34 + 30 + 24 + 13)/7 = 211/7 = 30.14 mm/min.

(b) The mean does not provide a good summary. The most important feature is the drop in perfor-
mance as illustrated in time order plot of distance versus sample number. It is likely the tip of
the leg became covered with debris again. The early trials indicate what can be expected if this
problem can be avoided.
50
●
●
● ●
●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
Distance
●
●
●
30
●
●
●
●
●
●
0 10
0 2 4 6 8
Sample number
2.34 (a) A computer calculation gives
N MEAN STDEV
29 1.4707 0.5235
You may verify the mean by first showing that xi = 4265.
(b) You may confirm the calculation of s by showing that x2i = 2041.54 so
29(2041.54) - (4265) 2 √
s2 = = .2740 or s = .2740 = .5235
29 · 28
2.35 No. The sum of the salaries must be equal to 3 ( 175,000) = 525,000 which is less than 550,000. This
assumes that all salaries are non-negative. It is certainly possible if negative salaries are allowed.
2.36 The mean is indeed 85. But, we comment that s = 15 indicating considerable variation in average
monthly temperature. The median is 86, also a comfortable temperature.
2.37 (a) The mean agreement is:

0.50 + 0.40 + 0.04 + 0.45 + 0.65 + 0.40 + 0.20 + 0.30 + 0.60 + 0.45 3.99
= = 0.399
10 10
(b)
n x2 i - ( 2
10(1.8891) - (3.99)2
s2 = = = 0.0330
xi ) 9
√ 10 ×
Consequently, s = 0.0330 = 0.1817.

2.38 (a) The following table gives the observations, the deviations, the squared deviations, and the sum of
the squared deviations.
Squared Squared
Obs. Deviation deviation Obs. Deviation deviation
.50 .101 .010201 .40 .001 .000001
.40 .001 .000001 .20 -.199 .039601
.04 -.359 .128881 .30 -.099 .009801
.45 .051 .002601 .60 .201 .040401
.65 .251 .063001 .45 .051 .002601
Sum of Squared Deviations = .29709
Sample Variance s2 = .29709/9 = .03301 and s =
.1817. (b) The squared observations are:

.2500 .1600 .0016 .2025 .4225 .1600 .0400 0900 .3600 .2025
The sum of these squares is 1.8891. Thus,
x2i - ( xi )2 /n 1.8891 - (3.99)2 /10

s2 = = = .03301
n -1 9
Thus, s = .1817
2.39 (a) The mean offensive smell is
16
i=1 xi 53.6
x = = = 3.35
16 16
(b) The ordered offensive smell scores are
1.0 1.0 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.6 2.7 3.2

3.3 3.8 3.9 4.3 5.0 5.2 5.3 6.3
The median = (3.2 + 3.3 )/ 2 = 3.25.
(c) Since 16 × (1/4) = 4 is an integer, Q1 = (1.9 + 2.4 ) /2 = 2.15 and Q3 = (4.3 + 5.0 ) /2 = 4.65.
The boxplot is
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Offensive smell
score

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
XIII
Then, at the drooping of the twilight hour,
We wander in the ancient plaza where
We breathe the attar of the jasmine flower
Like incense on the altar of the air;
And list, as music swells
Down drifting from the old cathedral tower,
The arpeggio of the bells.
XIV
We linger by the sea-wall while the tide
Below us murmurs like a sad refrain,
Bearing from outer ocean reaches wide
The lore and legend of the Spanish main,
Nor leave that spot serene
Till Sleep, as with the mantle of the bride,
Wraps fair Saint Augustine.
XV
Days dedicate to rapturous things were these;
It was as though Youth came again, and brought
Past aims, past ardors and past ecstasies,
And toward the shrine of Beauty turned our thought.
And there were after times
Of exultation, prismic harmonies,
When hours ran by in rhymes.
XVI
Once, ’mid cathedral Carolinian pines,
We saw the Springtide, at its radiant birth,
Kindle to fragrant gold the coiling vines,
And make a garden of the wakened earth;
And every morning heard
Within the treetops, melody linked with mirth,
The hidden mocking-bird.
XVII
And while the cardinal through the waving bredes
Of pendulous moss swift flitted like a flame,
Back flooded to our minds the illustrious deeds,
Emblazoned on the honor-scroll of Fame,
When Liberty was won,
Hearkening the Ashley whisper to its reeds
The name of Marion.
XVIII
From Gloucester cliffs and brown Nantucket dunes
The mountains lured you, and the mountain star;
For us the Woodland sang its lyric runes
Where’er we followed it, or near or far,
In sun or shadow cool,
Or loitered through long languorous afternoons
By Dian’s darkling pool.
XIX
Far up the valley Wittenberg’s vast form,
Its summit beckoning, with you I view,
And above sweeping slopes where wild bees swarm
Glimpse timid deer at dawn and fall of dew;
Through Panther Kill we roam,
And mark the purple streamers of the storm
Ascend behind the Dome.
XX
And, too, in bookmen’s mines of dusty ore
Ever shall I remember how we delved,
Plucking from out the musty treasure-store
Rich rarities within the darkness shelved,
Elated if we found
Leaves that some name we long had honored bore
In frayed morocco bound.
XXI
Thus, step by step, we trod adown the years,
Thus, side by side, with ne’er a break between;
We shared our laughter and we shared our tears,
Nor deemed inexorable Fate might intervene
To sever the strong cord
That bound us, Fate with its “abhorrèd shears,”
That is man’s over-lord.
XXII
You that in Autumn came, in Autumn went;
How vain to say the mourning word! how vain
To beat the bars of that arbitrament
That metes to mortals pleasurement or pain!
How vain!—how vain!—and yet
We beat upon them, and we only gain
The poignance of regret!
XXIII
Autumn again with all its loveliness;
Autumn again that brought an end to joy,
Despite the sight of earth in amber dress,
And airs that bear the blitheness of a boy!
Autumn, and leaves that toss
In bright brief triumphing, while they express
The brooding sense of loss.
XXIV
Autumn again down every winding way
That, in the days gone by, our footsteps pressed!—
Instead of woven amaranth would I lay
Above your dust—you gone by paths unguessed—
Love’s deathless asphodel;
Until some happier hour,—when, who shall say?—
Brother in song, farewell!
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES
PRIVATELY PRINTED ON ITALIAN HAND-MADE
PAPER DURING OCTOBER MCMXVII
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:
New original cover art included with this eBook is
granted to the public domain.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ELEGY IN
AUTUMN ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright
in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and
distribute it in the United States without permission and without
paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General
Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to
abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using
and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project
Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this
agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms
of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with
its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it
without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project

Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United

States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it
away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg
License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is

posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute
this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at
no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a
means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or

providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information

Solution Manual For Miller and Freunds Probability and Statistics For Engineers 9th Edition Johnson Miller Freund 0321986245 9780321986245

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Manual For Miller and Freunds Probability and Statistics For Engineers 9th Edition Johnson Miller Freund 0321986245 9780321986245

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Manual for Miller and

Freunds Probability and Statistics

Full link download:

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

2.1 Pareto chart of the accident data

Fingers Eyes Arm Leg

2.2 a) Pareto chart of damage due to breakage (in thousands of dollars) is

T. paper Towel Napkin Other

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

b) Percent of the loss that occurs in making toilet paper is

Energy (milliwatts per square centimeter)

●●● ● ●● ● ●●● ●●● ●

110 115 120 125 130 135 140

Suspended solids (ppm)

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

(b) The class interval is 20.

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

60 70 80 90 100 110 120

No. less than

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

x No. less than x No. less than

2.14 After ordering the data we obtain the frequency distribution.

The relative frequency histogram is

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

and the ogive is

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

2.16 The frequency table is:

The bar chart is

2.17 The empirical cumulative distribution function is

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

2.18 The empirical cumulative distribution is:

2.20 The pie chart is

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

The incorrect histogram is

(relative frequency)/width = (3/50)/40 = 0.0015.

This correct histogram is

200 250 300 350 400 450

2.23 The stem and leaf display is:

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

(b) The data are: 230, 230, 231, 234, 236.

(c) The data are: 203, 218, 235, 257.

(d) The data are: 3.21, 3.23, 3.24, 3.24, 3.27.

2.25 The stem-and-leaf display is: Leaf Unit = 0.010

2.26 (a) The stem-and-leaf display is:

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

(b) The data are:

2.27 (a) Would like a high salary-outlier that is large.

(b) Would like a high score-outlier that is large.

(c) Near average.

2.28 (a) Would like ﬁnish early-outlier that is small.

(b) Near average.

2.31 (a) x = (−6 + 1 − 4 − 3)/4 = −3

366 + 381 + 442 + 452 + 484 + 492 + 508 + 601 + 828

366 + 381 + 442 + 452 + 484 + 492 + 508 + 601

2.33 (a) x = (35 + 37 + 38 + 34 + 30 + 24 + 13)/7 = 211/7 = 30.14 mm/min.

2.34 (a) A computer calculation gives

You may verify the mean by first showing that xi = 4265.

2.37 (a) The mean agreement is:

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

.1817. (b) The squared observations are: