10

Science 10
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Coordinated Functions of
Nervous System
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Coordinated Functions of Nervous System
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Roena R. Calma

Editor: Mary Rose G. Canoy
Reviewer: Ann Christian C. Francisco
Illustrator: Darius Escubio
Layout Artist: Wensdy S. Casio
Management Team: May B. Eclar , CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor R. Nuesca, EdD
Larry B. Espiritu, PhD
Rodolfo A. Dizon, PhD
Mary Queen P. Orpilla, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region III

Office Address: Matalino St., Diosdado Macapagal Center

Maimpis , City of San Fernando (P)
Telefax: (045) 508-8580 to 89
E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph
 10
Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Coordinated Functions of
Nervous System
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners can
continue your studies while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises,
and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lesson in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Coordinated Functions of the Nervous System
 Lesson 2 – Maintaining Homeostasis
 Lesson 3 – Human Disorders related to nervous and endocrine system

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the glands which control the actions of the reproductive system;
2. analyze the process on how nervous and reproductive system work
together; and
3. describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates these
feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. (S10LT-IIIc-36)

1
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your
notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs.

a. Autonomic Nervous system c. Peripheral Nervous system
b. Central Nervous system d. Somatic Nervous system

2. It serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system.
a. Autonomic Nervous system c. Peripheral Nervous system
b. Central Nervous system d. Somatic Nervous system

3. Spinal Nerves carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the
body , the spinal nerve is part of ____________.
a. Autonomic Nervous system c. Peripheral Nervous system
b. Central Nervous system d. Somatic Nervous system

4. It maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.
a. Autonomic Nervous system c. Peripheral Nervous system
b. Central Nervous system d. Somatic Nervous system

5. _____________are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help

increase the surface area of the cell body. These tiny protrusions receive
information from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma
a. Axon c. Nerve impulse
b. Dendrites d. Neurons

6. ________________is a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction.

It is not a flow of electricity , but an electrochemical signal moving along a
neuron.
a. Axon c. Nerve impulse
b. Dendrites d. Neurons

7. _____________carry impulses away from the cell body pass its impulses to the
dendrites of other neurons or cell body of muscle cells, can be grouped together
into a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction.
a. Axon c. Nerve impulse
b. Dendrites d. Neurons

8. ____________are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulse, thoughts,
emotions, learnings, and many body functions are carried in the neurons.
a. Axon c. Nerve impulse
b. Dendrites d. Neurons

2
9. _____________is the major control system of homeostasis. It provides monitoring,
response, and regulation of all systems in the human body and other organisms.
It functions from the tiny level of individual cells to affecting the whole body at
once.
a. Dendrites c. Nerve system
b. Nerve impulse d. Somatic nervous system

10. ______________ regulates voluntary activities such as muscular movement. It

also controls reflexes. It is one of the divisions of peripheral nervous system.
a. Dendrites c. Nerve system
b. Nerve impulse d. Somatic nervous system

3
Lesson
Coordinated Functions of
1 Nervous System
In the previous lesson we discussed about the feedback mechanisms of the
female reproductive system - the menstrual cycle. In this module, we will deal on
the coordinated functions of the nervous system to the proper functioning of the
female reproductive organ to maintain homeostasis.

How Does the Nervous System Maintain Homeostasis?

Of all the body systems, the nervous system is the major control system
of homeostasis. It provides monitoring, response, and regulation of all systems in
the human body and other organisms. It functions from the tiny level of individual
cells to affecting the whole body at once.
Receptors inside and outside the body are constantly monitoring conditions
and watching for changes. When a body system leaves a set point and falls outside
its normal range, signals are sent through the nervous system which trigger
responses to bring the system back into the normal range of functioning. This is
the process of homeostasis.

What’s In

Directions: Label the parts of the female reproductive organ and processes that
take place. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

Figure 1. Female Reproductive System

4
 What’s New

Activity 1. Vocabulary

Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the correct terms in Column
B. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. Bundles of fiber that transmits a. PITUITARY

impulses of sensation to the brain or
spinal cord

2. It refers to as the master of glands b. CEREBRUM

3. Part of the brain which is responsible c. NERVES
for coordinating voluntary movements.
4. Getting things in order d. SYSTEM
5. Relating to or affecting the nerves e. ENDOCRINE
6. Interconnecting Network f. NERVOUS
7. The ability to direct actions of g. BRAIN
someone or something.
8. A chemical messenger system h. GLANDS
9. Organ which produces substances i. COORDINATE
that perform a specific function in the
body
10. Major organ of the nervous system j. CONTROL

5
 What is It

NERVOUS SYSTEM
The human body is made up of different systems that coordinate with one
another to perform their functions well. If any of these organs fails, the body will
lose its balance. The instability caused by the malfunctioning of one system cannot
be made stable by other systems because each system has its own function in the
body.
Your nervous system connects all your body parts and transmits signals from
one part to another. It is a system of cells, tissues and organs that regulates the
body’s responses to internal and external stimuli. Each part of the nervous system
has a specific role as it functions as an important part of a system.

MAJOR DIVISIONS AND PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
The CNS serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system.

Two Main Components of the CNS

BRAIN
This is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and
distributor of information for the body. It has three Main Parts:

Figure 2. Basic Parts of the Brain

• Cerebrum – large, upper part of the brain that controls activity and thought.
• Cerebellum – the part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance,
and coordination
• Brain Stem – the part that connects the brain to the spinal cord, and
controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood
pressure.

6
SPINAL CORD
This serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the
body and controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes without input from the brain.

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The Peripheral Nervous System connects the central nervous system to the
organs and limbs. It has two (2) main divisions.

Figure 3. Peripheral Nervous System

A. Somatic Nervous System this system is associated with the voluntary control
of body movements and has two main parts.
a.1 Spinal Nerves are nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between
the spinal cord and the body.
a.2 Cranial Nerves are the nerve fibers that carry information into and out
of the brain stem.

B. Autonomic Nervous System this system is associated with the involuntary

control of body movements and has two (2) sub-divisions.
b.1 Sympathetic – it is activated when the body is in a dynamic role or
stress. (eg. Increased heart rate and breathing, dilation of pupil,
sweating, etc)
b.2 Parasympathetic - it maintains body functions and restores the body
to normal or relaxed mode.

7
What is the difference between nervous system and endocrine system?

BASIS FOR
NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
COMPARISON

Definition The complicated network of The collection of glands, which

nerves that carry messages
or signals from and to the
spinal cord and brain to
other parts of the body.
produces hormones, function in
regulating the body's growth and
development, metabolism, tissue
function, reproduction, sleep, anger,
emotions and other internal
functions. They work in sending
signals to various parts of the body
with the help of hormones and act
as the chemical messenger.

The rate of The nervous system shows The endocrine system responds
response the quick response to the slowly by secreting hormones,
stimuli, by the action traveling through the circulatory
potentials and system to the target tissue.
neurotransmitters.

Kind of Localized response. The response is spread widely.

response

Duration of Temporary and reversible. Permanent response.

response

Mode of Neurotransmitters along Hormones are the kind of chemical

transmission neurons transmit signals used to transmit the signal to
of signal electrochemical signals. the target tissue through the blood
stream of other body fluid.

Signals are The neurons. The hormones flow through the blood
transmitted by stream or other body fluid.

NEURONS

Nerve cell is the basic unit of the nervous system, nerve cells are called
neurons. There are billions of neurons in the body. Some exist alone. Others are
joined together to form organs like brain and spinal cord. In one part of the brain
alone there are 12-14 billion of neurons.
Neurons are specially intended for information processing and signaling.
They relay and receive messages (impulse) between the brain and the body, and
within the brain and spinal cord.

8
 Motor Neurons transmit impulses from the brain to muscles, glands, or
other neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Sensory neurons transmit
impulses from sensory nerves (receptor) to the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Figure 4. Basic Parts of a Neuron

https://owlcation.com/stem/Structure-of-a-Neuron

BASIC PARTS OF A NEURON

1. Dendrites carry impulses towards the cell body. A cell may have as many as
200 dendrites carrying impulses towards the body. Dendrites are treelike
extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of
the cell body. These tiny protrusions receive information from other neurons
and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma. Dendrites are also covered
with synapses, a single dendrite can be one (1) meter long.

2. Cell Body (Soma) the soma, or cell body, is where the signals from the
dendrites are joined and passed on. The soma and the nucleus do not play an
active role in the transmission of the neural signal. Instead, these two
structures serve to maintain the cell and keep the neuron functional.

3. Axon carry impulses away from the cell body. Axon pass impulses to the
dendrites of other neurons or cell body of muscle cells, can be grouped together
into a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction. It is not a
flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a neuron bee-like
bundles called NERVES.

THE NERVE IMPULSE

Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulses. Thoughts,
emotions, learning, and many body functions are carried by nerve impulses in the
neurons. A nerve impulse is a combination of an electrical charge and chemical
reaction. A nerve impulse is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal
moving along a neuron.

The Nerve Impulse cannot jump from one neuron to another. When a nerve
impulse comes to an end of an axon, it produces the chemical, called
NEUROTRANSMITTER to be released. The chemical crosses the space between
neurons called SYNAPSE and stimulates the nerve impulse to start in the next
dendrite.

9
 Figure 5. The nerve impulse is sent by neurotransmitters from one neuron
to another through a gap called “synapse”.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/provides-a-simple-high-level-
schematic- of-a-neuron-and-shows-its-three-main-functional_fig54_322851687

The Nervous System is assisted by five (5) sense organs: Eyes, Ears,
Nose, Tongue, and Skin. These sense organs are constantly receiving information
from the environment and sending messages to the brain. These senses aid in the
survival of human beings.

STIMULUS refers to any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve
impulse. STIMULUS is received by the body and a RESPONSE is made. RESPONSE
on the other hand is a reaction to a stimulus. Messages do not travel in both
directions along the same neuron. Only the axon of the neuron releases
neurotransmitters that cross the space between neurons. Reaction Time is the
length of time between application of a stimulus and detection of a response.

How do Nervous System and Endocrine System Work together?

The nervous system is a physically connected network of cells, tissues, and

organs that controls thoughts, movements, and simpler life processes, such as
swallowing. For example, when you walk outside without sunglasses on a sunny
day, your nervous system senses the bright light coming into your eyes. It sends a
message to signal your pupils to shrink and let in less light.

The endocrine system is a collection of physically disconnected organs that

helps control growth, development, and responses to your environment, such as
body temperature. For example, when you are outside on a hot day or you exercise,
your body starts to feel warm. Your endocrine system responds by initiating an
internal feedback mechanism. In this case, negative feedback counteracts the
increase in body temperature and the body begins to sweat more so that you can
cool down to normal body temperature.

10
 The Nervous and Endocrine system work together because they are both
communicators of the body. The nervous system receives and sends out
information about activities within the body. It also monitors and responds to the
changes in the environment. The Endocrine system is made up of glands that
produce chemical messages called hormones which travel through the blood
stream and controls the actions of cells and organs.

Eye
Lacrimal gland
Nasal mucosa
Sublingual and submaxillary glands
Oral mucous
Parotid gland
Heart
Lungs

Stomach
Aorta
Liver

Gall bladder
Pancreas
Adrenal
Small intestine
Large intestine
kidneys
reproductive organs

Figure 6: Coordination between Nervous system and Endocrine system

This coordination:

Enables the body to carry out its activities and functions efficiently and
smoothly. Enables the body to respond to stimuli effectively so as to take action
quickly and avoid injury. Enables the nervous system to detect changes in the
body or environment and relate it to the endocrine system for producing the
hormones required for join response and action. Without coordination between
the nervous system and the endocrine system, the body cannot function as a
whole.

11
Lesson

2 Maintaining Homeostasis

The Body’s Communication Systems Help Maintain Homeostasis.

The human body is made up of trillions of cells that all work together for the
maintenance of the entire organism. While cells, tissues, and organs may perform
very different functions, all the cells in the body are similar in their metabolic needs.
Maintaining a constant internal environment by providing the cells with what they
need to survive (oxygen, nutrients, and removal of waste) is necessary for the well-
being of individual cells and of the entire body. The many processes by which the
body controls its internal environment are collectively called homeostasis. The
complementary activity of major body systems maintains homeostasis.

Both the nervous system and the endocrine system are important in enabling
the body to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis depends on the ability of different
systems in your body to communicate with one another. To maintain homeostasis,
messages must be generated, delivered, interpreted, and acted upon by your body.
The nervous system and the endocrine system are the communication networks
that allow you to respond to changes in your environment countless times each day.

To achieve homeostasis, the nervous system and the endocrine system

maintain a normal range of the following variables:
a. Body temperature,
b. Amount of water in the body,
c. Amount of metabolic waste in the cell,
d. Blood calcium levels, Hormones in the blood

Most body systems maintain homeostasis by using feedback mechanisms.

When the brain receives messages from the body about an internal change in one
of its systems, it works to restore the system to its normal state. The levels of
hormones in the body are controlled by feedback. It is important that the amount
of hormones in the body is kept at the right level.

Feedback Regulation Loops

The endocrine system plays an important role in homeostasis because

hormones regulate the activity of body cells. The release of hormones into the blood
is controlled by a stimulus. For example, the stimulus either causes an increase or
a decrease in the amount of hormone secreted. Then, the response to a stimulus
changes the internal conditions and may itself become a new stimulus. This self-
adjusting mechanism is called feedback regulation.

12
 Feedback regulation occurs when the response to a stimulus has an effect of
some kind on the original stimulus. The type of response determines what the
feedback is called. Negative feedback occurs when the response to a stimulus
reduces the original stimulus. Positive feedback occurs when the response to a
stimulus increases the original stimulus.

Negative feedback is the most common feedback loop in biological systems. The
system acts to reverse the direction of change. Since this tends to keep things
constant, it allows the maintenance of homeostatic balance.

Control of blood glucose level is an example of negative feedback. Blood

glucose concentration rises after a meal (the stimulus). As blood glucose increases,
insulin is released, causing the blood glucose to drop. If the blood glucose level is
too low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon resulting in an increase in
blood glucose. This travels to the liver in the blood and causes the break-down of
glycogen into glucose. The glucose enters the blood stream and glucose levels
increase back to normal.

Thermoregulation is another example of negative feedback. When body

temperature rises, receptors in the skin and the hypothalamus sense the
temperature change. The temperature change (stimulus) triggers a command from
the brain. This command causes a response (the skin makes sweat and blood
vessels near the skin surface dilate), which helps decrease body temperature.

Positive feedback is less common in biological systems. Positive feedback acts

to speed up the direction of change. An example of positive feedback is lactation
(milk production). As the baby suckles, nerve messages from the mammary glands
cause the hormone prolactin, to be secreted by the pituitary gland. The more the
baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which stimulates further milk
production.

13
Lesson Human Disorders related to
Nervous and Endocrine
3 System
Human Disorders
1. Neurodegenerative Disorders are both neurodegenerative disorders
characterized by loss of nervous system functioning.
a. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that
slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability
to carry out the simplest tasks.
b. Parkinson’sEpilepsy
disease is a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness,
and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination.

2. Neurodevelopmental Disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that arise

when nervous system development is disrupted.
a. Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a broad range of
conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive
behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication.
b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most
common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first
diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with
ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive
behaviors (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be
overly active.

3. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Mental Illnesses

a. Schizophrenia a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often
chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and
emotion.
b. Depression is caused by a decrease in norepinephrine and serotonin
neurotransmission.

4. Other Neurological Disorders

a. Epilepsy a medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures
(or convulsions) and blackouts
b. Stroke the loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the
brain is suddenly interrupted.

14
5. Gigantism is a serious condition that is nearly always caused by an adenoma, a
tumor of the pituitary gland. Gigantism occurs in patients who had excessive
growth hormone in childhood. The pituitary tumor cells secrete too much growth
hormone (GH), leading to many changes in the body.
6. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), also known as dwarfism or pituitary
dwarfism, is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in
the body.

What’s More

Activity 2: Word Search

Directions: List down at least 10 words that you could find in the puzzle which are
related to the nervous system. Write them in your notebook/on a separate sheet of
paper.

E S X R T E S E V R E N E L A R E H P I R E P R
E S C E S R S C I T E A E R S T I M U L U S E L
S E R E H P S I M E H S N R S U M A L A H T E I
B C E R E B R A L A C O R T E X S E M C S T P V
B R S L A N G I S W E V R E N S E M U S O H N L
S S A I E R S L L U S E B L A R V W L L H M W R
U E T I E E N N O S Y N A P S E A E L L L L S M
E T S E N S O R Y O N E R V E S W R E H P C W E
L I D L S E E S C R A N I U M R I H B S N S H E
C R R O S V W O S E E G E E E A A E E S I L E S
U D I S S E V A W E A T L E D I T S R E A D E R
N N T A C E E I V P O P C G V H E O E D R A P R
M E T A E D I E L E P P E I E B B E C D B E V I
L D A E S H U M D E S Y A S C E L L A B O D Y I
I B E S R H N R U M A A E W L U S U N H H N R S

15
Activity 3. Is it True or False?
Directions: True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is
incorrect. Write your answers in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The sensory nerves aid in the survival of species.

2. The chemical that crosses the space between neurons is called synapse.

3. Cell body is the part that connects the brain to the spinal cord, and controls
automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood
pressure.

4. Dendrites is one of the basic parts of the neurons that carry impulses towards
the cell body.

5. The chemical that crosses the space between neurons is called reaction and
stimulates the nerve impulse to start in the next dendrite is synapse.

6. The spinal cord is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer
and distributor of information for the body.

7. Cell body is part of the neurons, where the signals from the dendrites are joined
and passed on.

8. The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system and is
associated with the involuntary control of body movements.

9. The peripheral nervous system is an organ located within the skull that
functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body.

10. Cerebellum is the part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance, and
coordination.

16
Activity 4. I Choose You!
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Do this in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is where the signals from the dendrites are joined and passed on.
a. Central nervous system c. Peripheral nervous system
b. Hormones d. Soma

2. Chemical signals which travel through the bloodstream and controls the action
of cells and organs.
a. Neuron c. Sensory neurons
b. Hormones d. Soma

3. An organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of
information for the body
a. Brain c. Sensory neurons
b. Neuron d. Spinal cord

4. This serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body
and controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes without input from the brain.
a. Brain c. Sensory neurons
b. Neuron d. Spinal cord

5. This is specially intended for information processing and signaling. They relay
and receive messages (impulse) between the brain and the body, and within the
brain and spinal cord.
a. Neuron c. Sensory neurons
b. Central Nervous System d. Peripheral nervous system

6. It transmits impulses from the brain to muscles, glands and other neuron in
the peripheral nervous system.
a. Motor Neuron c. Spinal cord
b. Sensory neurons d. Stimulus

7. It is activated when the body is in dynamic role or stress.

a. Parasympathetic c. Sensory neurons
b. Peripheral nervous system d. Sympathetic

8. It transmit impulses from sensory nerves to the Central Nervous System (CNS)
a. Parasympathetic c. Sensory neurons
b. Peripheral nervous system d. Sympathetic

17
9. This system is associated with the voluntary control of body movements. It
carries motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the body and
carry information into and out of the brain stem.
a. Central Nervous system c. Sensory Neurons
b. Neurons d. Somatic nervous system

10. It is the large part of the brain that control activity and thought.
a. Brain Stem c. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum d. Spinal cord

Activity 5. Are We Connected?

Directions: Supply the missing word to complete the function/s of each gland
listed in Column A and identify what part of the Nervous System it belongs to.
Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

A B C
GLAND Function/s Part of the Nervous
System
(Central Nervous
System, Peripheral
Nervous System)
Example: Secretes gastric juice, contains
Gastric Glands hydrochloric acid, pepsin and Peripheral Nervous
mucus. Pepsin helps in System
digestion of proteins,
hydrochloric acid helps in the
functionality of pepsin and kills
bacteria and mucus protects the
inner lining of the stomach.

1. PITUITARY Stimulates _________ , and

controls the functions of
other glands

2. THYROID Regulates body metabolism,

and causes storage of
_________ in bones.

3. THYMUS Enables the body to produce

certain _________.

4. ADRENAL Prepares the body for action,

controls the heart rate and
breathing in times of
__________.

18
5. PANCREAS Regulates _________ sugar

6.REPRODUCTIVE TESTES
Controls maturation of
__________ characteristics

7. OVARIES Controls maturation of

_________ characteristics

Activity 6. What Am I?
Directions: Identify what is being described in the following sentences. Write your
answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The master of all glands

2. Serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system.
3. It is activated when the body is in a dynamic role or stress.
4. The nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem.
5. It maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.
6. This part of the nervous system connects the central nervous system to the
organs and limbs.
7. This gland works together with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis.
8. The part of the nervous system responsible for the secretions of other glands.
9. The thymus gland is responsible for the development of immune system, this
gland is under what division of the peripheral nervous system?
10. The adrenal gland is also known as the emergency hormone, what sub division
of the peripheral nervous system it belongs when the body returns to its
normal condition?

19
Activity 7: Fill in the blanks

Directions: Complete the paragraph by choosing the correct answers found in the
box. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

coordinate homeostasis human body malfunctions

unbalanced respond acted messages
communication network nervous system and endocrine system

The (1) ___________ is made up of different systems that (2) ___________with one
another in order to perform their functions well. If any of these organs (3)
___________ the body will become (4) ___________. The instability caused by the
malfunctioning of one system cannot be made stable by other systems because
each system has its own function in the body.
___________depends on the ability of different systems in your body to
communicate with one another. To maintain homeostasis, (6) ___________ must be
generated, delivered, interpreted, and (7) ___________upon by your body. The
(8) ___________ are the (9) ___________ that allow you to (10) ___________ to changes
in your environment countless times each day.

What I Have Learned

The nervous system is composed of cells, tissues and organs that regulate
the body’s responses to internal and external stimuli. Each component of the
nervous system has a specific role to do as an important part of a team.
The nervous system has two main divisions, which are the Central Nervous
System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The Central Nervous System (CNS) serves as the main “processing center”
for the entire nervous system. It has two main parts, which are the brain, and the
spinal cord.
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) contains all the nerves that extend
outside the brain and the spinal cord. It has two main divisions, which are the
Somatic nervous system and the Autonomic nervous system.
The Somatic nervous system (SNS) regulates voluntary activities such as
muscular movement. It also controls reflexes, such as pulling your hand away from
the hot surface of a stove.
The Autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates activities that are not
under conscious control and has two divisions that are opposite of one another: the
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous
system prepares the body for “fight-or-flight” responses, while the parasympathetic
nervous system is active during restful periods.

20
 The basic unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell. Nerve cells are called
neurons. Neurons have dendrites and axons that aid in transmitting messages.
Neurons have special ability to carry signals or impulses. A nerve impulse
is an electrochemical gradient moving along a neuron. The space between neurons
is called synapse. A stimulus is any factor in the environment that may include a
nerve impulse that initiates physiological and behavioral changes. A response is a
reaction to a condition or stimulus. To survive, an organism must be able to
respond to stimulus. Reaction time is the length of time between application of
stimulus and detection of a response.
The endocrine system consists of glands that secretes chemicals called
hormones which control various body processes. The major glands in the body are
the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testis.
Hormones affect various processes in the body as they regulate and balance
the functioning of organs, tissues and cells.
Feedback mechanism is the process through which the level of one substance
influences the level of another substance.
Homeostasis is the state reached when each part of the body functions in
equilibrium with other parts. This is attained through regulation of the bodily
functions by the endocrine and nervous system.

What I Can Do

Directions: Make a simple concept map showing the divisions and sub-divisions of
the nervous system. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of
paper.

21
 As Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your
notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It regulates voluntary activities such as muscular movement.

a. Autonomic nervous system c. Somatic nervous System
b. Parasympathetic d. Symphatetic

2. It regulates activities that are not under conscious control.

a. Autonomic nervous system c. Somatic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic d. Sympathetic

3. ___________ prepares the body for “fight-or-flight” responses.

a. Autonomic nervous system c. Somatic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic d. Sympathetic

4. ___________ active during restful periods.

a. Autonomic nervous system c. Somatic nervous system
b. Parasympathetic d. Sympathetic

5. ___________ is a physically connected network of cells, tissues, and organs

that controls thoughts, movements, and simpler life processes, such as
swallowing.
a. brain c. nervous system
b. endocrine system d. Neurons

6. ___________ is a regulatory system. It uses electrical impulses for signalling.

It is also responsible for the secretions of glands.
a. brain c. nervous system
b. endocrine system d. Neurons

7. This is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and
distributor of information for the body.
a. brain c. nervous system
b. endocrine system d. Neurons

8. ___________ are specially intended for information processing and signaling.

They relay and receive messages (impulse) between the brain and the body,
and within the brain and spinal cord.
a. brain c. nervous system
b. endocrine system d. Neurons

22
 9. ___________ is a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction.
It is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a
neuron.
a. Nerve impulse c. Synapse
b. Axon d. Stimuli

10.The chemical that crosses the space between neurons, it stimulates the
nerve impulse to start in the next dendrite.
a. Nerve impulse c. Stimuli
b. Axon d. Synapse

Additional Activities

Directions: Explain briefly the negative feedback loop of blood glucose. Write your
answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

https://www.bing.com/images/searchview=image-of-negative-feedback-loop-of blood-glucose

23
Answer Key

24
25
References:
Printed Materials
Government of the Philippines, Department of Education, 2015.Grade 10 Learner’s
Material

Electronic Sources:

How the Nervous System interacts with other body System

https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/organ.html

How Does the Nervous System Maintain Homeostasis

https://biologydictionary.net/how-does-the-nervous-system-maintain-
homeostasis

Summary: the Nervous system and endocrine system

https://www.Opentxtbc.ca>introductiontopsychology

Nervous system concept map https:/www.askIItians.com

The Body’s Communication Systems Help Maintain Homeostasis.

https://www.springtownisd.net/cms/lib3/TX21000442/Centricity/Domain/
101/Bio_Ch_29_Nervous_And_Endocrine_Systems.pdf

Nervous system Disorders https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-

biology/chapter/nervous-system-disorders/

Gigantism
http://pituitary.ucla.edu/resources#:~:text=Gigantism%20is%20a%20serio
us%20condition,many%20changes%20in%20the%20body.

What is growth hormone deficiency

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
diseases/growth-hormone-deficiency

Coordination between Nervous system and Endocrine system

https://anjungsainssmkss.wordpress.com/2013/01/14/coordination-
between-the-nervous-system-and-the-endocrine-system/

How Do the Nervous System and Endocrine System Work Together?

https://www.reference.com/science/nervous-system-endocrine-system-work-
together

Synapse uploaded by Damir Vodenicarevic

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/provides-a-simple-high-level-schematic-
of-a-neuron-and-shows-its-three-main-functional_fig54_322851687

Basic parts of a neuron

https://owlcation.com/stem/Structure-of-a-Neuron

26
Female Reproductive System
https://byjus.com/biology/female-reproductive-system/

Basic Parts of the Brain

Denise Wawrzyniak/Wikimedia Commons

Negative feedback loops of blood glucose

https://www.bing.com/images/searchview

27
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III

SDO – Science City of Muñoz

Curriculum Implementation Division-

Learning Resource Management Section (CID-LRMS)
Bgy. Rizal, Science City of Munoz, 3119

Telephone No.: (044) 806 - 2192

E-mail Address: munozscience.city@deped.gov.ph

28