COMPARASAN ‘Compass and Orasan’ FILTERED TUMBLER

An Investigatory Project

Submitted as Entry to the:

Science 10 S.Y. 2023-2024

BY:

Shane Lian C. Sangalang

Harold U. Limpin

Jylle Sherine F. Bermudez

Juan Manuel S. Mamaril

Alexa Mae A. Litana

Kristine E. Rana

Kathylen E. Rana

Veniz Margaux C. Batul

Cheska M. Avila

Shiela Mae F. Sadia

Under the Guidance of

 Mrs. Arny R. Paraiso

Science Subject Teacher

2023

ABSTRACT
___________________________________________________________________
Title: COMPARASAN ‘Compass and Orasan’ FILTERED TUMBLER

Names: Shane Lian C. Sangalang, Harold U. Limpin, Jylle Sherine F. Bermudez, Juan Manuel S.
Mamaril, Alexa Mae A. Litana, Kristine E. Rana, Kathylen E. Rana, Veniz Margaux C. Batul,
Cheska M. Avila, Shiela Mae F. Sadia

Address: Mariveles, Bataan

School: Mariveles National High School – Malaya

______________________________________________________________________

The Experimental Product is made from old cloth, charcoal, potassium alum, chlorine
dioxide, cotton, a compass, a tumbler, a watch, a super glue plastic cup, and pebbles. This
product is made for hikers to ease their dehydration, to know what the time is, and to know our
cardinal direction, or in case of emergency if the hikers run out of water. Not only that, this
product is reliable in times of need, we all know that water from ponds, lakes, and oceans is not
clean, so in case of emergency if we need potable water not muddy or unclear in crucial times
we can use the comparasan filtered tumbler.

After being settled - the researchers soaked the charcoal for about 30 seconds. Second,
they cut the plastic cup in half. Third, they layer inside the plastic cup with these materials: The
first layer, is cotton, Second layer, they put the charcoal that was soaked for 30 seconds, Third,
they put small stones/pebbles, Fourth, the again of another layer of cotton, Fifth, is the
placement of potassium alum, Sixth, the placement of chlorine dioxide, and the Seventh layer is
the placement of an old piece of cloth, lastly they glued the clock to the bottom of the tumbler,
and was also followed by the compass
 To test the product, the researchers mixed some charcoal with the water from the
faucet and put the black dirty water into the filtered tumbler, the researchers compared the
water from the one they mixed with charcoal, and the water after pouring in the comparasan
filtered tumbler; and after so many try to be sure, the project was found successful.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to give their deepest gratitude to these people who guide, support,
and encourage them to fulfill this Science Investigatory Project.

To Ma’am Arny R. Paraiso, for approving our research project and for her support as our
Science Teacher.

To Sir Jerry C. Perello, our beloved school principal, for his support in this Project.

To Mrs. Brenda E. Rana, for her hospitality at their home at CDA BLDG. 12, Room 9
Barangay Malaya Mariveles, Bataan.

To Mr. Ebennezer De Silva Batul, for his free transportation to buy the materials.

To Mrs. Lucy Cantoria, for supporting the researchers by lending us financial support for
this project.

To Jylle Sherine Bermudez, for doing all of the write-ups.

To the researcher's family, for supporting and encouraging them to do their best in
making this project.

To the researcher's classmates, for their assistance and support in making this Project.
 To Almighty God, who gives us strength and encouragement in this assigned
responsibility.

The Researchers
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii
Acknowledgment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Review of Related Literature
Methodology ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
Materials/Equipment
Treatment/General Procedure
Testing
Documentation
Results and Discussions ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13
Conclusions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
Recommendations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

We all know that there are many sources of water in the world but we aren't sure if it is
clean nowadays. Everyone needs water because it hydrates our bodies. We made this project
because of dehydration problems and a lack of clean water. Our Comparasan filtered tumbler is
very hiker friendly because in case you run out of clean water, you can just get water from
natural resources of water like lakes and rivers. We also want to help our fellow children who
aren't reachable to a supply of clean water. So we invented a Comparasan filtered tumbler so
that, we can ensure that the water we are drinking is clean and safe to drink.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021, over 2 billion people live in
water-stressed countries, which is expected to be exacerbated in some regions as a result of
climate change and population growth, Safe and readily available water is important for public
health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes.
Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost
countries’ economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction.

It is a water bottle consisting of two detachable lids, one was a normal lid to drink while
the other was designed to filter water, it also has other functions such as a clock and compass,
so hikers or adventurers need to check their directions and time so the researcher's designed
this study to lessen the kinds of stuff they need to bring, since it is a water tumbler that has a
built in compass and clock, you can have a tumbler who filters every water you'll drink and
check the time and your direction by simply looking at the bottom of it. this material is also a
practical way to conserve water and is very useful, especially for those who love to hike and
love adventure.

Statement of the Problem

The comparasan filtered tumbler has a lot of materials needed and might not be able to
find things easier. So we make sure that our materials are made from scratch or recyclable and
reusable materials. It can also last in terms of a careful owner and a responsible person taking
care of the product so it can last longer and will have a function for a long time. We make sure
that it is a high-quality product because we want it to be more useful and longer to use.
How may Comparasan Filtered Tumbler submersible probe be described in terms of:

1. Quality of its view under clear water

2. Quality of its view under unclear water
3. Much muddy and unclear water can take

Significance of the Study

As far back as 500 BC it's believed that the famous Greek Scientist, Hippocrates invented
the first early water filter in the form of a cloth bag! This simple device was known as the
"Hippocratic Sleeve." The cloth acted like a sieve to filter out the impurities from the aqueducts.
A majority of issues with the water filtration system are related to the cartridges
or filters. Cartridges have to be changed at regular intervals to keep your water clean.
A cartridge that is past due for changing can become clogged or can simply
become so full that it is unable to filter out contaminants properly.

The study is important, especially to the following consumers:

To the Community - this study will help the community, to remove water impurities and
dangerous contaminants such as chlorine, disinfection by heavy products, and heavy metals
such as mercury, lead, and arsenic.

To the Environment - this study would be a great advantage to the environment, by reducing
the amount of plastic waste that is commonly found within the environment.

To the Students - this study would give students an idea about the freedom to learn and play
without worrying about drinking contaminated water.

To the Researcher - the findings of this study can be used as a reference for future Researchers.
And it will make them more responsive to the problems of their School, Student, Community,
and Nation.
Scope and Limitations
This study focused on the hikers on how to get clean water from lakes and to hike
properly. Its whole function will conduct a higher placement in terms of being used because of
the filer, watch, and compass. This data is collected in several research. Based on the research
many hikers have a problem getting clean water every time; the project will lessen the
possibility of drinking dirty water. We will also have access in time and will lessen the chances of
getting lost because of the compass.

Review of Related Literature

Potassium Alum

Potassium alum was also known to the Ancient Egyptians, who obtained it from
evaporites in the Western desert and reportedly used it as early as 1500 BCE to reduce the
visible cloudiness (turbidity) in the water. Its commonly used in water purification, leather
tanning, dyeing,[6] fireproof textiles, and baking powder as E number E522. It also has cosmetic
uses as a deodorant, as an aftershave treatment and as a styptic for minor bleeding from
shaving.

In studies, it has been shown that aluminum and aluminum salts are highly
bound to plasma proteins. From the reports, it was found that 70-90% is bound to plasma
proteins of which 60-70% is related to high molecular weight proteins and 10-20% to albumin. It
does not go through a metabolic pathway. When ingested or absorbed, it will get rapidly
dissolved and it will form ions that will later generate other salt derivatives. Lastly, it is found in
its dodecahydrate form that produces a very large molecule. This large molecule cannot be
absorbed through the skin when this substance is included as an astringent agent in topical
OTC.5 If ingested, the aluminum salts are rapidly solubilized in the stomach and then they can
generate aluminum hydroxide or poorly absorbed basic aluminum salts.

Chlorine Dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as
yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as
bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually handled as an aqueous solution. It is commonly
used as a bleach. More recent developments have extended its applications in food processing
and as a disinfectant.

Over 95% of the chlorine dioxide produced in the world today is made by
reduction of sodium chlorate, for use in pulp bleaching. It is produced with high efficiency in a
strong acid solution with a suitable reducing agent such as methanol, hydrogen peroxide,
hydrochloric acid or sulfur dioxide. Modern technologies are based on methanol or hydrogen
peroxide, as these chemistries allow the best economy and do not co-produce elemental
chlorine. The overall reaction can be written as:
chlorate + acid + reducing agent → chlorine dioxide + by-products .

Charcoal

It is an impure form of graphitic carbon, obtained as a residue when

carbonaceous material is partially burned, or heated with limited access of air. Coke, carbon
black, and soot may be regarded as forms of charcoal; other forms often are designated by the
name of the materials, such as wood, blood, bone, and so on, from which they are derived.
Charcoal has been replaced by coke for reducing metal ores in blast furnaces and by natural gas
as a source of carbon in making certain chemicals, but it is still employed in making black
gunpowder and in case-hardening metals. Formerly, charcoal production from wood was an
important source of acetone, methyl alcohol, and acetic acid, all of which are now produced
from other raw materials.

The use of special manufacturing techniques results in highly porous charcoals that have
surface areas of 300–2,000 square metres per gram. These so-called active, or activated,
charcoals are widely used to adsorb odorous or coloured substances from gases or liquids, as in
the purification of drinking water, sugar, and many other products, in the recovery of solvents
and other volatile materials, and in gas masks for the removal of toxic compounds from the air.
They also are used as catalysts in making certain chemicals (e.g., phosgene, sulfuryl chloride) or
as supports for other catalytic agents.

Cotton
 Cotton is a soft, ethereal chief fiber that grows in a boll, or defensive case,
around the seeds of the cotton shops of the rubric Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
The fiber is nearly pure cellulose, and can contain minor probabilities of waxes, fats, pectins,
and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the disbandment of the
seeds.

The factory is a shrub native to tropical and tropical regions around the world, including the
Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The topmost diversity of wild cotton species is set up in
Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was singly domesticated in the Old and New
Worlds.

The fiber is most frequently spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, permeable, and
durable cloth. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to neolithic times; fractions of
cotton fabric dated to the fifth renaissance BC have been set up in the Indus Valley civilization,
as well as fabric remnants dated back to 4200 BC in Peru. Although cultivated since age, it was
the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of product that led to its wide use, and it's
the most extensively used natural fiber cloth in apparel moment.

Current estimates for world product are about 25 million tonnes or 110 million bales annually,
counting for2.5 of the world's pastoralist land. India is the world's largest patron of cotton. The
United States has been the largest exporter for numerous times.

Pebbles

A small smooth stone (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter)

found especially on a beach or on the bottom of a river.

A pebble beach might not be quite as soft underfoot as a sandy one, but pebbles
tend to be smooth and rounded — unlike jagged-edged rocks. A beach covered with
smooth pebbles is known as a "shingle beach." The origin of the word pebble is a
mystery, although some suspect a connection to the Latin papula, "pustule, pimple, or
swelling."
 METHODOLOGY
A. Materials and Equipment
In making this product, the researchers prepared the following materials: old cloth,
charcoal, potassium alum, chlorine dioxide, cotton, a compass, a tumbler, a watch, super glue
plastic cup, and pebbles.

Materials Quantity
Old cloth 1 pc.
Charcoal 1 plastic bag
Potassium alum 1 plastic bag
Chlorine dioxide 1 pc.
Cotton 1 plastic bag
Compass 1 pc.
Tumbler 1 pc.
Watch 3 pc.
Super glue 2 pc.
Plastic cup 1 pc.
Pebbles 1 plastic bag

B. General Procedures
In making this product, the researchers used the equipment that was mentioned. In making
the filter, what the researchers did was: first, we soaked the charcoal for about 30 seconds.
Second, they cut the plastic cup in half. Third, they layer inside the plastic cup with these
materials: The first layer, is cotton, Second layer, they put the charcoal that was soaked for 30
seconds, Third, they put small stones/pebbles, Fourth, the again of another layer of cotton,
Fifth, is the placement of potassium alum, Sixth, the placement of chlorine dioxide, and the
Seventh layer is the placement of an old piece of cloth. In these procedures, we can say that the
researchers' filter is done and it is working fine.
In the watch, the parts of three recyclable watches were combined to make it work, in the
first working watch we took its engine, in the second watch we took the hand, and in the third
watch we took its numbers. With this method, we made a working watch. After this, we glued it
to the bottom of the tumbler, we also followed the gluing of the compass. With this work, we
finished the product and it can now be used.

TESTING
Testing is a crucial process that can help determine the quality and effectiveness of your
work among other things. It involves subjecting your work to various evaluations and
assessments to ensure that it meets the required standards and specifications. Testing also
helps to identify any defects, errors, or issues that may need to be addressed, thereby
improving the overall performance and functionality of your work.

Data Quality Visualization is an essential practice that involves presenting data in an easily
understandable visual context, such as a chart, graph, or map. The primary objective of data
visualization is to aid the human brain in comprehending complex information by simplifying it
into a visual representation. By doing so, data visualization makes it simpler to identify
relationships, patterns, trends, and outliers in large datasets, allowing users to extract
meaningful insights and make informed decisions.

Buoyancy of the Product

According to the principle of buoyancy, a submerged object in water experiences an upward
force, also known as buoyant force, that is equivalent to the weight of the water displaced by
the object. This buoyant force counteracts the weight of the object and reduces its effective
weight in water.
DOCUMENTATION
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Findings
The researchers have analyzed the product its material used during the filtration and its
result. Look at the table below, set A represents the materials that are used while Set B
represents the outcome of each material that is used.

Set A Set B
1. Filtering water with the tea bag. The water is not filtered.

2. Filtering water with old cloth and tea The water is not filtered.
bag.

3. Filtering water with old cloth, tea bag, The water is not filtered.
and sand.
 4. Filtering water with old cloth, charcoal, The water is filtered.
potassium alum, chlorine dioxide,
cotton, and pebbles.

CONCLUSIONS

After undergoing definite sets of principles and gathering the observed data, the researchers
arrived at the following conclusions:

- The experimental product is usable not only to hikers but also to travelers.

- It can filter dirty water into clean and drinkable water.

- All of the dirt in the filter can be thrown away and used again for effective filtering.

- Rivers, lakes, and cloudy water can turn into clean and drinkable water.

- This product can be sold in the market for all travelers and hikers.

- It provides better-tasting and better-smelling drinking water by removing chlorine,

- chemicals, pesticides, heavy metals, and bacterial contaminants.

RECOMMENDATIONS

It was made to assist hikers, for example, if they are thirsty but can't find clean water, they can
filter the water they obtain here to make it clean, and we also have a compass in case they get
lost. Hikers have a guide to assist them in reaching their objective without becoming
disoriented.
It's designed mostly for hikers so that if they ever have an issue like that, someone will aid them
and they'll know what to do.

It’s made of all the accouterments to be used must be complete. When filtering water, first you
need to wet down the watercolor for about 30 seconds, secondly, resolve the plastic mug. third,
we put the mug, the first subcaste is cotton, the second is the watercolor that we soak for 30
seconds, third, put four further small monuments, put the cotton again fifth is putting
potassium alum, six placings. of chlorine dioxide and the last is the operation of an old piece of
cloth. As for the watch, it needs to be put together to work, let's take its machine first, also the
hand, and eventually the number, through this our watch will work. After that, we will stick a
compass under the turner and also we can use it.

REFERENCES