KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2023/2024 SESSION
DATE: FEBRARY, 2024

PROGRAMME: NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND II)

COURSE TITLE: HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY
COURSE CODE: CEC 201
CREDIT UNIT: 3
DURATION: 3 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER FOUR QUESTIONS

QUESTION ONE

a. Find the mean precipitation for catchments by isohyetal method.

Isohyets 75.0 80.5 100. 110.0 120.0 137. 153.0 164.0

0 5
Area between isohyts 31 107 109 50 159 68 53
(8 marks)
b. A rectangular open channel has a width B of 5.6m and a slope of 1 vertical to 800
horizontal. Find the mean velocity of flow V and the discharge Q when the depth D of
water is 1.6m, if C in the Chezy formula is 49. (4 marks)

QUESTION TWO

a. The cross – section of an open channel in a trapezium with a bottom width B of 3.4m and
side slope of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal. Assuming that C in the Chezy formula is 49, what
will be the discharge Q if the depth of water D is 1.4m and the slope, S o if the bed is 1 in
1600. (4 marks)
b. List six factors affecting velocity distribution. (3 marks)

QUESTION THREE

a. An open channel is V shaped, each side being inclined at 45 o to the Vertical. If the rate of
flow Q is 0.0425m3/s when the depth of water at the centre is 225mm, calculate the slope
of the channel using the chezy formula, assuming that C is 49. (4 marks)
b. What is evaporation? List the factors affecting evaporation. (3 marks)
QUESTION FOUR

a. Using arithmetic mean method, the following readings were obtained from a catchment;
station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Precipation (mm) 500 640 550 785 972 822 603 574 666 490

(4 marks)

b. What are the ways of defining Precipitation? (3 marks)

QUESTION FIVE

a. A 3 – hr storm occurred at a place and the precipitations in the neighboring rain gauge
stations were measured as 3.8, 4.1 and 4.5cm respectively. The precipitation in the
neighboring station could not be measured since the rain gauge bottle was vandalized.
The normal annual precipitations in the four stations were 45, 48, 53, and 50cm
respectively. Estimate the storm precipitation at the fourth station. (3 marks)
b. What is precipitation? what are the advantages and disadvantages of gauges (4 marks)

QUESTION SIX

a. A canal has a bottom width B of 4m and sides with a slope of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.
The slope of the bed is 1 in 5000 and the depth of water D is 1.2m. Using the manning
formula with n=0.025, Calculate the rate of discharge in m3/s. (4 marks)
b. List and explain four (4) factors affecting rain catch (3 marks)

QUESTION SEVEN

a. Polymeric coagulant, undiluted, has an absolute viscosity of 0.48kg/m.s and a specific

gravity of 1.26. This fluid is to be pumped at a rate of 4.00 L/Min through 15.36m pipe
with 15.8mm internal diameter. What is the head loss due to friction?
(4 marks)
b. Define the following terms in an open channel
(i) Depth of flow (ii) Top width (iii) Wetted perimeter (3 marks)