DL 10280

EXPERIMENT N°29

WINDING RESISTANCE

Purposes:
 Measure the resistance of the stator and rotor windings of the alternator

Components:
 1 Ac machine stator with ring rotor and connected brushes
 1 DL 10281 Supply module
 1 DL 10282N Measurement module

Electrical diagrams

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EXPERIMENT N°29.1: ARMATURE RESISTANCE

Procedure

Assemble the stator of the alternating current machine completed with ring rotor and brushes.
Carry out the circuit shown in the previous topographical diagram.

Set the supply module DL 10281 for a variable direct voltage 0÷8V/12A (selector "c0d" to position
"d") and control knob to 0%.

Use the measurement module DL 10282N and read the values of the voltmeter and the ammeter for
direct current measurements on first device and observe the polarities (+ at red terminal).

Activate the supply module and supply the armature circuit with the current values shown in the
table and for each one of them measure the voltage at the stator terminals, by carrying out in
sequence the measurements between the terminal pairs.

After having recorded the room temperature write the measured values in the table.

ta = ........ °C

Phases I (A) 1 2 3 4
U (V)
UV
R (Ω)
U (V)
VW
R (Ω)
U (V)
WU
R (Ω)

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Calculate the resistance with the formula

U
R
I

and write the values in the table.

Calculate the arithmetical mean for the resistances at the terminals

R UV ( av ) 
R UV
........ ()
4

R VW ( av ) 
R VW
....... ()
4

R WU ( av ) 
R WU
........ ()
4

and therefore, the mean value

R UV ( av )  R VW ( av )  R WU ( av )
R ( av )  ........ ()
3

Since the stator is star connected the resistance of every armature phase at the room temperature ta
is equal to:

1
Rs  R (av) .......... 
2

Refer therefore the value of the phase resistance at the conventional temperature of 75 °C:

309.5
R s75  R s ........... ()
234.5 + ta

Typical results

Rs75 = 0.3 

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EXPERIMENT N°29.2: FIELD RESISTANCE

Procedure

Carry out the circuit shown in the previous topographical diagram.

Set the supply module DL 10281 for a variable direct voltage 0÷8V/12A (selector "c0d" to position
"d") and control knob to 0%.

Use the measurement module DL 10282N and read the values of the voltmeter and the ammeter for
direct current measurements on first device and observe the polarities (+ at red terminal).

Activate the supply module and supply the field circuit with the current values shown in the table
and for each one of them measure the voltage at the winding ends, by connecting the voltmeter
directly on the rings.

After having recorded the room temperature write the measured values in the table.

ta = ........ °C

I (A) U (V) R (Ω)

1
2
3
4
5

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Calculate the resistance by means of the formula

U
R
I

and write the value in the table.

Determine therefore the arithmetical mean of the field resistance at the room temperature ta:

RE 
 R .............()
5

and set this value to the conventional temperature of 75 °C again:

309.5
R E 75  R E ............()
234.5  ta

Typical results

RE75 = 0.433 

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EXPERIMENT N°30

NO-LOAD TEST

Purposes:
 Determine the mechanical and iron losses of the alternator
 Record the magnetization characteristic

Components:
 1 Ac machine stator with ring rotor and connected brushes
 1 Dc machine stator with commutator rotor and connected brushes
 1 DL 10281 Supply module
 1 DL 10282N Measurement module
 1 DL 10283 Loads and rheostats

Electrical diagram

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EXPERIMENT N°30: NO-LOAD TEST

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Procedure

Assemble the stator of the alternating current machine completed with ring rotor and connected
brushes.
Assemble the stator of the direct current machine completed with commutator rotor and brushes.
At the beginning DO NOT COUPLE the dc motor shaft to the alternator: this means that in this
phase only the driving motor must be operated.

Set the supply module DL 10281 for a fixed direct voltage 42V/10A (selector "a0b" to position "b"
and switch L+/L- to position “0”) and for a variable direct voltage 0÷8V/12A (selector "c0d" to
position "d" and control knob to 0%).

Use the measurement module DL 10282N and read the values of the voltmeter and the ammeter
connected to the armature of the dc motor and the ammeter series connected to the rotor circuit of
the alternator for direct current measurements on first and second devices (+ at red terminal), and
the values of the voltmeter to the stator terminals of the alternator for alternating current
measurements on first device.
Use the measurement module DL 10282N for speed measurements on third device.

Set on the module DL 10283 the starting rheostat RA with the maximum resistance (control knob to
position "b") and the excitation one RF with the minimum resistance (control knob to position "a").

1) Mechanical losses of the dc motor

Short circuit the ammeter series connected to the armature of the dc motor and make only the dc
motor to rotate.
Activate the supply module and start the dc motor by setting the switch L+/L- to position "1".
Gradually switch off the starting rheostat RA (control knob to position “a” and then short-circuit
the rheostat RA by a jumper) and therefore remove the short-circuit jumper of the ammeter.
Adjust with caution the excitation current of the dc motor by means of the rheostat RF until the
motor speed is equal to the rated speed n = 3000 min-1 of the alternator.
After the motor has turned for a time that is enough to reach the thermal state conditions,
measure voltage and current absorbed by the motor.

UM = ........ (V) IM = ......... (A)

The mechanical losses of the dc motor are given by the power absorbed by the motor.

PMm = UM • IM = .......... (W)

Stop the motor by setting the switch L+/L- to position "0".

Restore the maximum resistance conditions of the starting rheostat RA and of minimum
resistance of the excitation rheostat RF and remove the short-circuit jumper of RA.

2) Mechanical losses of the alternator

Couple the alternator shaft to the dc motor.
Short circuit the ammeter series connected to the armature of the dc motor and make the group
dc motor-alternator rotate, but without exciting the alternator.
Activate the supply module and start the group by setting the switch L+/L- to position "1".
Gradually switch off the starting rheostat RA (control knob to position "a") and therefore remove
the short-circuit jumper of the ammeter.

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Adjust with caution the excitation current of the dc motor by means of the rheostat RF until the
motor speed is equal to the rated speed n = 3000 min-1 of the alternator.
When the motor has reached the thermal state conditions, measure voltage and current absorbed
by the motor.

UMo = ...........(V) IMo = .......... (A)

Calculate the power absorbed by the motor

PMo = UMo • IMo = ......... (W)

The mechanical losses of the alternator are given by the difference

PGm = PMo - PMm = ......... (W)

3) Iron losses of the alternator

By keeping the group into rotation at the rated speed of the alternator excite the rotor circuit of
the alternator so that the generated voltage is equal to rated voltage UN = 42V.
The excitation current of the alternator is varied with the control knob of the variable direct
voltage 0÷8V while the rotation speed of the group can be controlled with the excitation rheostat
RF of the dc motor.
When the conditions

n = 3000 min-1 UN = 42 V

have been carried out in the same time, measure the voltage and the current absorbed by the dc
motor

UMe = ........ (V) IMe = ......... (A)

and calculate the power absorbed by the motor

PMe = UMe • IMe = .......... (W)

The iron losses of the alternator are given by the difference

PGFe = PMe - PMo = ......... (W)

4) No-load losses of the alternator

At the rated voltage and speed the no-load losses of the alternator result:
PGo = PGm + PGFe = ........... (W)
and they remain substantially constant at different loads.

5) Magnetization characteristic
Finally, the magnetization characteristic is recorded by measuring the voltage Us delivered by the
alternator kept at constant rated speed in correspondence of the values of the excitation current Ie
shown in the following table.
With excitation current Ie = 0, by using the most suitable range for the voltmeter, measure the
voltage due to the residual magnetism too.

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n (min-1) Ie (A) US (V)

3000 0
3000 1.5
3000 3
3000 4.5
3000 6
3000 7.5
3000 9
3000 10.5
3000 12

Stop the group by setting the switch L+/L- to position "0" and deenergize the alternator by
setting the selector "c0d" to position "0" again.

Draw on a diagram the delivered voltage Us as a function of the excitation current Ie.

Determine on the diagram the excitation current corresponding to the no-load armature rated
voltage UN = 42 V:
IEo = ..... (A)

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EXPERIMENT N°31

SHORT-CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTIC

Purposes:
 Record the permanent short-circuit characteristic
 Determine the synchronous impedance
 Determine the short-circuit ratio

Components:
 1 Ac machine stator with ring rotor and connected brushes
 1 Dc machine stator with commutator rotor and connected brushes
 1 DL 10281 Supply module
 1 DL 10282N Measurement module
 1 DL 10283 Loads and rheostats

Electrical diagram

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EXPERIMENT N°31: SHORT-CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTIC

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Procedure

Assemble the group alternator-dc motor by using the stator of the alternating current machine
completed with ring rotor and connected brushes and the stator of the direct current machine
completed with commutator rotor and brushes.
Carry out the circuit shown in the previous topographical diagram.

Set the supply module DL 10281 for a fixed direct voltage 42V/10A (selector "a0b" to position "b"
and switch L+/L- to position “0”) and for a variable direct voltage 0÷8V/12A (selector "c0d" to
position "d" and control knob to 0%).

Use the measurement module DL 10282N and read the values of the ammeter series connected to
the rotor circuit of the alternator for direct current measurements on first device (+ at red terminal),
and the values of the ammeter to the stator terminals of the alternator for alternating current
measurements on second device.
Use the measurement module DL 10282N for speed measurements on third device.

Set on the module DL 10283 the starting rheostat RA with the maximum resistance (control knob to
position "b") and the excitation one RF with the minimum resistance (control knob to position "a").
Activate the supply module and make the group rotate by setting the switch L+/L- to position "1".

Gradually switch off the starting rheostat RA (control knob to position “a” and then short-circuit the
rheostat RA by a jumper) and adjust the excitation current of the dc motor by means of the rheostat
RF until the group speed is equal to the rated speed of the alternator.

Start to excite the alternator with the variable voltage 0÷8 V so to carry out the values of the
excitation current Ie shown in the following table and for each one of them record the current Ik
delivered from the short-circuited stator, after having recorded the room temperature ta.

ta = ......... °C

Ie (A) Ik (A)
1.5
3
4.5
6
7.5
9
10.5
Notes
(a) It is not necessary to keep the speed exactly constant.
(b) If the indications of the stator ammeter are afflicted with oscillations, record the mean value.

Stop the group by setting the switch L+/L- to position "0" and deenergize the alternator by setting
the selector "c0d" to position "0" again.

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Draw on a diagram the delivered short-circuit current Ik as a function of the excitation current Ie.

Determine on the diagram the short-circuit current Iko corresponding to the excitation current Ieo
(see experiment N°30) that in no-load conditions generates the voltage UN:

Iko = ......... (A)

and calculate the synchronous impedance with the formula

UN
Zd  .........()
3 I ko

because the stator is star connected.

Determine on the diagram the excitation current Iek that in short-circuit generates the rated current
(let’s assume IN = 2.5A):

Iek = .......... (A)

Calculate the short-circuit ratio:

I Eo
Kk  ............
I Ek

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EXPERIMENT N°32

SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

Purposes:
 Determine the stator copper losses and the additional losses of the alternator

Components:
 1 Ac machine stator with ring rotor and connected brushes
 1 Dc machine stator with commutator rotor and connected brushes
 1 DL 10281 Supply module
 1 DL 10282N Measurement module
 1 DL 10283 Loads and rheostats

Electrical diagram

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EXPERIMENT N°32: SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

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Procedure

Assemble the group alternator-dc motor by using the stator of the alternating current machine
completed with ring rotor and connected brushes and the stator of the direct current machine
completed with commutator rotor and brushes.

Carry out the circuit shown in the previous topographical diagram.

Set the supply module DL 10281 for a fixed direct voltage 42V/10A (selector "a0b" to position "b"
and switch L+/L- to position “0”) and for a variable direct voltage 0÷8V/12A (selector "c0d" to
position "d" and control knob to 0%).

Use the measurement module DL 10282N and read the values of the voltmeter and the ammeter
connected to the armature of the dc motor for direct current measurements on first device (+ at red
terminal), and the values of the ammeter to the stator terminals of the alternator for alternating
current measurements on second device.
Use the measurement module DL 10282N for speed measurements on third device.

Set on the module DL 10283 the starting rheostat RA with the maximum resistance (control knob to
position "b") and the excitation one RF with the minimum resistance (control knob to position "a").
Short-circuit the ammeter series connected to the armature of the dc motor.

Activate the supply module and make the group rotate by setting the switch L+/L- to position "1".
Gradually switch off the starting rheostat RA (control knob to position “a” and then short-circuit the
rheostat RA by a jumper) and adjust the excitation current of the dc motor by means of the rheostat
RF until the group speed is equal to the rated speed of the alternator.

Excite the alternator with the variable voltage 0÷8V so to make flow in the stator winding a short-
circuit current equal to the rated current IN = 2.5A.

Notes
(a) Eventual speed corrections can be carried out by means of the excitation rheostat RF of the dc
motor.
(b) If the indications of the stator ammeter are afflicted with oscillations record the mean value.

When the group has reached the thermal state condition, after having removed the short-circuit
jumper of the ammeter, measure the voltage and the current absorbed by the motor:

UMk = ........ (V) IMk = ......... (A)

Calculate the power absorbed by the motor

PMk = UMk • IMk = ............. (W)

Stop the group by setting the switch L+/L- to position "0" and deenergize the alternator by setting
the "c0d" selector to position "0" again.
The alternator with the short-circuited stator absorbs, at the rated current and speed, the power

PGk = PMk - PMm = ............. (W)

where PMm represents the mechanical losses of the motor (see Experiment N°39).

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The copper losses of the alternator result then

PGCu = PGk - PGm = .......... (W)

where PGm represents the mechanical losses of the alternator (see Experiment N°30).
Since at room temperature the stator copper losses of the alternator are equal to

PsCu = 3 Rs IN² = ......... (W)

where Rs is the stator resistance (see Experiment N°29) it is possible to calculate the additional
losses of the alternator with the relationship

Pad = PGCu - PsCu = .......... (W)

and therefore, the corresponding equivalent resistance

Pad
R ad  .........()
I 2N

At the purpose of calculating the sum of the copper losses and of the additional ones at the
conventional temperature of 75 °C we determine the equivalent total resistance with the
relationship:

R75 = 3 Rs75 + Rad = .......... ()

where Rs75 is the stator resistance at the conventional temperature (see Experiment N°29) while Rad
does not vary with temperature.
The equivalent total losses result therefore

PsCu75 = R75 • IN² = .......... (W)

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