COCKROACH
1. Color
2. Size
3. Habit
4. Wings
5. Head
6. Antennae
7. Mouth parts
8. Is hypopharynx a mouth part
9. Neck (flexible)
10.Wings
11.Abdomen (10 segments)
12.Anal style - sensory
13.Digestive system
14.Circulatory system
15.Tracheal system
16.Excretion
17.Nervous system
18.If cockroach head is cut off
19.Compounnd eye
20.Male reproductive system
21.Female reproductive system
22.Development
23. Economic importance
Dr.K.LAKSHMINARAYANA ZSL
Black, brown, bright yellow, red, green
¼ - 3” (0.6-7.6cm), 34-53mm (Periplaneta)
Nocturnal, Omnivore
Extend beyond abdomen – Male
Not extend beyond abdomen - Female
Hypognathous, 6 segments, triangular
In front of eyes, sensory
Biting and chewing type
No
Extension of prothorax
Tegmina – Mesothoracic wings (opaque, dark, leathery)
Metathoracic wings- Transparent, membranous, useful
for flying.
Female – 7,8,9 sterna form genital/brood pouch
Anterior part contains FGO, Spermathecal and collateral
gland openings. Anal/caudal style absent
Male – 9,10 terga and 9 sternum form genital
pouch/chamber. Dorsal anus and ventral MGO
Anal/caudal style present
Present in male and female
Mouth-Pharynx-Oesophagus-crop –
proventriculus/gizzard(teeth) – hepatic/gastic caecae (6-
8) -ventriculus – malpighian tubule (100-150) -ileum-
colon-rectum-anus.
Open, 13 chambered, 12 pairs of alary muscle, 12 pairs
ostia, blood moves anteriorly
10 pairs of sphinctered spiracles (2+8), exchange of
gases occurs at tracheoles by diffusion.
Uricotelic – organs -Malphigian tubules lined by
glandular and ciliated cells and synthesize uric acid. fat
body, urecose glands , nephrocytes
Fused ganglia (3+3+3+6) connected by longitudinal
connectives on ventral side.
One week survival
2000 ommatidia, mosaic vision/nocturnal vision, high
sensitivity, less resolution vision
Testis(4-6 segments) – vas deferens – seminal
vesicle(spermatophore) – ejaculatory duct – MGO below
anus. Mush room gland (6-7), 3 phallomeres (titillator,
pseudopeniis -Left).
Ovary(2-6segments) with 8 ovariole – median
oviduct/vagina – FGO, (6 gonapophyses) – spermatheca
-2 (6th segment)
9-10 Dark red/Blackish brown ootheca (14-16eggs),
8mm, paurometaboly, 13 moults. Penultimate stage -
wing pads
Pest-spoil food with smelly excreta, vector -carry
bacterial diseases.

1. Camouflage
2. Mimicry
3. Aestivation
4. Hibernation
5. Do frogs drink water
6. Colour
7. Limbs
8. Sexual dimorphism
9. Digestive system
10.Respiration
11.Blood vascular system
12. Lymphatic system
13. Excretory system
14. Nervous system
15. Sense organs
16. Male reproductive system
17. Female reproductive system
18. Development
19. Economic importance
Dr.K.LAKSHMINARAYANA ZSL
FROG
ability to change the colour to hide them from their
enemies.
changes in the colour of the frogs while they are in
grasses and on dry land. This protective coloration is
called mimicry.
Summer sleep
Winter sleep
No. absorb water through skin
Dorsal olive green with dark spots, ventral pale yellow.
Swimming, walking, leaping, burrowing.
Male- vocal sacs; copulatory pad (fore limb)
Frog is Carnivore – intestine reduced, buccal cavity
(bilobed tongue); stomach (chyme) – intestine (villi,
microvilli)-rectum – cloaca.
Land- skin, buccal cavity, lungs
Water – cutaneous/skin by diffusion.
Hibernation/aestivation- skin
Dorsal Triangular sinus venosus joins right atrium.
Ventral conus arteriosus arise from ventricle.
Hepatic and renal portal systems present.
contains lymph, lymph channels and lymph nodes. The
lymph lacks few proteins and RBCs.
Urinary bladder is ventral to rectum. Ureotelic.
10 Pairs of cranial nerves (PNS)
10 pairs of spinal nerves (PNS)
Unpaired part of fore brain – Diencephalon
Optic lobes -2
Medulla passes out through foramen magnum
Cellular aggregations around nerve endings:
Sensory papillae – touch
Taste buds – taste
Nasal epithelium - smell
External ears absent in frog
Ear – Stato acoustic organ
Path of sperm:
Testes are covered by mesorchium – vasa efferentia(10-
12) – bidders canal – transverse canal – urinogenital
duct – cloaca (faeces, sperm, urine)
Path of eggs (2500-3000) -spawn
Ovaries(No functional connection with kidney) –
oviduct – cloaca. (eggs and urine, faces)
External fertilization, Indirect development (Tadpole),
Biological control, Maintain ecological balance.