4.

Phylum-Nemathelminthes

Excretoryy Mouth
Mouth
pore
Mouth- Lips

-Gonopore

Pineal
setae

Cloaca

Male Ascaris Anus

Female Ascaris
Fig.7(iv) Hookworm

General Characters
T h e y are found in water, soil and as endoparasite in animals and man.
animal.
2/ Their body is unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical, pseudocoelomate
3 Organ system level of organization is present.
and posterior openings is anus.
Alimentary canal has two openings anterior mouth
5/ Excretion is by protonephridia or flame cells.
6. Sexual dimorphism is exhibited.

Examples
Wuchereria bancrofti (filaria worm), Pinworm.
Ascaris, Anchlostoma (Hookworm),
5. Phylum-Annelida

Mouth
Prostomium-
Prostomium
Peristomium
Clitellum
(segement Female
14,15,16) genital pore Seate
rings
Male genital Genital Dorsal view
pore papilla (anterior part)
Mid-dorsal
line

Anus

Fig. 7()Earth worm (Pherelimaposthuma)

 General Characteristics
A. Animals are
cylindrical, with true metameric segmentatiorn
n i m a l s are bilaterally symmetrical, true coelomate, with organ system level of organization.
locomotion mostly by setae by parapodia.
or
4.
Haemoglobin is dissolved in blood
plasma.
SExcretion is by nephridia.
6. Respiration mostly by moist skin or by gills in some.
Examples
Earthworm, Leach, Naries.
6. Phylum-Arthropoda
ad

Antennae
Walking
legs Ocelli
Poison claw

Trunk

Fig:7(vi) Centipede (Sclopendra)

General Characteristics
Largest phylum of animal kingdom with jointed legs.
2. Body is
segmented with head, thorax and abdomen.
3 The exoskeleton is made up
of chitin.
4. The body cavity is called heamocoel filled with
5. Animals have
haemolymph which is colourless.
compound eyes for vision.
Respiration by trachea, gills or book lungs.
Excretion by malphigian tubules.
Exampless
Cockroach, prawn, spider, scorpion,
centipede.
7. Phylum-Mollusca

Apex of shell

Lines of<
growth

- Operculum

Fig. 7(vii) Pila

General Characteristics
. Body is unsegmented and soft bodied.
The body of the molluscs is divided into head visceral mass and foot.
3 Body is covered by a thick glandular mantle.
Mantie secrete the calcareous shell which protects the body.
5. Respiration through ctendia, body surface, mantle or pulmonary sac.
6. Excretion takes place through kidneys.
Examples
Unio, Sepia (Cuttlefish), Pila (Snail), Octopus (devil fish), Loligo (Squid).

8. Phylum- Echinodermata (Spiny skin)

Tube feet

Ambulacral groove

Arms

Central disc

Mouth

Fig.7(vii) Star fish (Asterias)

General Characteristics

YAnimals are exclusively marine.

2 Adults are radialy symmetrical.

Locomotion by tube feet.
Respiration and excretion through general body surface.
Water vascular system for locomotion, circulation.

Examples
Asterias, Holothuria (Sea cucumber), Antedon (Sea lily).