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Liquid Bio Fuels

INTERNAL USE ONLY

Vesa Riihimäki, Vice President

Presented by Kristoffer Sandelin
Power Plant Technology

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Wärtsilä Fuel Versatility

High Viscosity HFO

Emulsified Fuels
Liquid Biofuels (LBF)
Crude Oil (CRO)

Natural Gas (NG)

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
Diesel Oil (LFO)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

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The LBF Portfolio

Plant ranges & Engine portfolio

W20 6, 9L

W32 6, 9L, 12, 16, 18, (20V)

W32DF (6L,12V) 18V

W46 6, 9L, 12, 16, 18

W50DF 6, (8, 9L) (12, 16) 18V

1 5 10 50 100 200 300

Plant size
= Biodiesel approved as pilot and back-up fuel
Bio oils not approved and to be checked case by case

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The Variety of Liquid Bio Fuels

 Liquid Bio Fuels



 A great varation of bio fuels can

be found
 Approved by Wärtsilä are:
 Vegetable based bio fuels:
Palm oil, Palm stearin, Rape
seed oil, etc.
 Transesterified bio oils
(biodiesel)

 Animal based not approved

 DME (Di-Methyl Ether) not
approved
 Methanol & Ethanol not approved
 Bio oil – alcohol mixes not
approved

 Lower Heating value => Output

reduction

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Sources of Liquid Bio Fuels

Sources of vegetable oils (2003)

 Palm oil (28.3M tons/year)
28.3 Mtons is  Malaysia
enough (47%)continous
for 14000MW
power
 generation
Indonesia (37%)
 Soy Bean (31M tons)
 USA
 Sourth Europe
 Rapeseed (12.3M tons)
 North Europe
 Sunflower (8.6M tons)
 South Europe

Total Oils&Fat production




2003:
Animal123.5 million
fats 23M tonnes
tons
Source:Oil World, Hamburg

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Prices of Liquid Bio Fuels

1400
Price development
 Palm oil price development
1200

has
termbeen
trendpositive over long
SOYBEAN OIL ,U.S.
1000
 With HFO at 250 … 300 $/ton SOYBEAN OIL ,ROTT

and Palm oil at 400$/ton, the PALM OIL ,MALAYSIA 800

power generation market RAPESEED OIL ,ROTT

n
o
t/
PEANUT OIL ,U.S.
requires subsidies
commercially to become
attractive PEANUT OIL ,ROTT
$ 600

 CO2 trading and incentives in COCONUT OIL ,ROTT 400

Italy, Holland and Germany CORN OIL ,U.S.

200
have created local markets
for LBF power plants 0

9 4 96 98 00 02 04
19 19 19 20 20 20

Source: United States Department of Agriculture

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Characteristics of vegetable oils

Palm Oil 22°C Palm Oil 60°C

Varying characteristics
 Ash content
 Clear oil & dark oils have
different level of ash
 Influence on particulate
emissions
 Viscosity is highly
temperature dependant
 Too cold -> wax
 Too hot -> polymerization
 Phosphorus content
 Lifetime of DeNOx &
OxiCat
 Acid number
 Influence on fuel oil system

wear & tear

Palm Stearin 22°C Palm Stearin 60°C

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Emissions and Liquid Bio Fuels

Refined Palm Olive

Emission Unit LFO HFO Palm Oil Stearin Olein

NOx ppm, dry 15 % O2 860 970 1050 960 930 SCR for NOx control
CO ppm, dry 15 % O2 40 40 30 40 40 Oxidation Catalyst for
THC (as CH 4) ppm, dry 15 % O2 170 80 30 20 15 CO and HC control
SO2 ppm, dry 15 % O2 118 463 <2 <2 <2
CO2 vol % 5.3 5.46 0.0 0.0 0.0
3
Particulates mg/Nm , dry 15% O2 <25 40-60 <10 <10 70

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Wärtsilä LBF experience

Val Senales

Unigra

Pentesilea
Monopoli

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MW in operation

MW development 200

 The introduction of incentives 180

in Italy has
growing created
installed a fast
base of LBF
160

140
plants
 Projected estimates suggest 120

that up to 500MW of LBF 100

plants
by endcould bedecade
of this in operation 80

60

40

20

0
3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7
0 0
- 0 0 0
- 0 0 0
- 0 0 0
- 0 0 0
-
- - - - - - - - -
n y p n y p n y p n y p n y
a a e a a e a a e a a e a a
J M S J M S J M S J M S J M

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LBF business models

Four models
 Crudel Vegetable Oils
 The primary model for using
LBF.
 Bio diesel
 Today very expensive, not
really feasible for power
generation
 Waste oils from food industry
 Karlburg plant model, but was
later changed to by products.
Problem: Emissions
 Waste or fuel? Which EU
directives are to be used?
 By-products

Main customers
operating arerefinery
in Bio-oil companies
business

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HFO to BIO Future proof concept?

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