Dr. T.R.

Rangaswamy
Professor/EEE

BEE045 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL IN

POWER PLANT INDUSTRIES
 TUR G
B
O
I
L
E CONDENSER
R

C/P
D/A
HPH
LPH

F/P

THERMAL POWER PLANT

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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COMPONENTS OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
Boiler Cooling Water System
Turbine Instrument Air System
Generator Service Air System
Demineralization Potable Water System
Plant
HV/LV Electrical System
Ash handling
Uninterrupted Power Supply
Fuel Handling
DCS Network
Sea Water Intake

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Thermal power plant consists of the
following four main circuits :

(a) Feed water and steam flow circuit.

(b) Coal and ash circuit.

(c) Air and gas circuit.

(d) Cooling water circuit.

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 WATER SYSTEM
B STEAM
O
I
L
E C COOLING
R O HOT WATER
N TOWER
D
E
N

D.M.
S
ECONOMIZER E
PLANT R
COOL WATER

B.F.P

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STEAM SYSTEM

S.HEATER H.P I.P L.P

R.H.

condenser

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 BOILER CONTROLS

• Drum Level Control

• Combustion Control

• Furnace Draft Control

• Super Heater Temperature Control

• Reheater Temperature Control

• Feed Water Systems Control

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 TURBINE CONTROLS.
• Speed Governor
• Load Governor
• Pressure Governor
• Gland seal steam header pressure control
• Condenser hot well level control
• LP Heater level control
• HP Heater level control
• Deaerator level control
• Speed control
• Fast runback control
• Lube oil pressure control

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 GENERATOR CONTROLS
• MW control
• Runback control
• Capability of the Generator
• Variation of terminal voltage
• Frequency variation
• Temperature of the coolants
• Over loading
• Stator winding temperature

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 STEAM

WATER
GENERATOR

TURBINE
FUEL
B
O
I
AIR L
E
R

INPUT/OUTPUT

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 FUEL
CONTROL

GENERATION DEMAND CONTROL AIR

CONTROL CONTROL

B
O
I
L
E
R

GEN TURBINE

CONTROL&DEMAND SIGNAL

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 THROTTLE PRESSURE LOAD CONTROLLER
CONTROLLER

HEAT RATE CALCULATION

G
STEAM T

COMBUSTION
CONTROL Legends
DRUM WATER
T-Turbine
G-Generator
O2-Oxygen
BOILER

FUEL
O2

FLUE GAS
AIR
Block diagram for combustion
O2 TRIM control of boiler
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 CONTROLLERS
• PID Based Controller

• Feed forward Controller

• Feedback Controller

• Feed forward - Feedback Controller

• Cascade Controller

• Split-Range Controller

• Ratio Controller
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 ADVANCED CONTROLLERS
• Adaptive Controller
• Scheduled Adaptive Controller
• Self-adaptive Controller
• Model-Reference Adaptive Controller
• Gain Scheduled Controller
• Predictive controllers
• Intelligent controllers

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INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS

NEURAL NETWORK

FUZZY CONTROLLERS

NEURO-FUZZY CONTROLLERS

EXPERT CONTROLLERS

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CONTROL ROOM

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