L-3

Simple Equations and Ratio : Proportion

Linear Equations
One equation one variable
3𝑦 + 4 = 13
Two equation two variables
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 13
Three equation three variables
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 14
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 10
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 21
Additional Case
Number of equations is less than number of variables

E.g.- Arjun went to stationary shop to purchase pencils, sharpeners and erasers. If he
brought 5 pencils, 4 sharpeners and 5 erasers, the bill is ₹131. If he brought 8 pencils, 6
sharpeners and 10 erasers, the bill is ₹210. Find the cost of 6 pencils, 4 sharpeners and 10
erasers.

Ratio
Ratio is a relation which one quantity bears to another quantity, it tells what part/parts of
one quantity is of another.
E.g. Suppose two numbers are in the ratio a:b, it can be said that they are in ratio a/b, i.e.
quantity of one number to the quantity of other is in ratio of a/b.
 • Sum of two numbers is 56, if the ratio of both numbers is 4:3. Find the two
numbers

• We can also solve above by using this formula which is nothing but the
standardisation of above procedure:
𝑎
If quantity are in ratio a:b, then 1st quantity = 𝑎+𝑏 ∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑏
& 2nd quantity = 𝑎+𝑏 ∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

Proportion
When 2 ratios are equal, then the four quantities involved in the two ratios are said to be
proportional i.e. if a/b = c/d, then a, b, c and d are proportional
Represented as a : b :: c : d and is read as “a is to b is as c is to d”

e.g. If 𝑥 + 2 ∶ 4𝑥 + 1 ∷ 5𝑥 + 2 ∶ 13𝑥 + 1 , find x

Practice Questions

• A bag contains one rupee coin, 50 paisa coin and 25 paisa coin, their value being in
the ratio of 10:15:8. If the total number of coins in the bag is 72, find the number of
50 paisa coins.

• A writer gets a fixed amount for his book apart from royalty he gets per book. He
gets ₹22000 and ₹46000 for 6000 books sold and 18000 books sold respectively. Find
his income per book when 25000 books are sold.