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Achaemenid Achaemenid Persians conquered Babylon, established new capital at Persepolis

audience hall in Persepolis, royal audience hall

Apadana

detail: procession of foreign ambassadors bringing gifts

"tribute" to the Persian King
Apadana Reliefs
note: they walk up the stairs, just as their real-life
counterparts would have done

the panel shows King darius and son Xerxes receiving

officials
Apadana Reliefs

Darius's Apadana

A king of Babylon: Started the work on Persepolis

Darius
Persepolis was his and his son's palace

Persepolis

The Gate of All Nations: Where was it?

Persepolis Layout

What was the Hall of 100 columns used for? It was a throne room

(the green circle)

Hall of 100 Columns Location

-stone
What kind of columns were in the Hall of 100? -base, shaft, capital
-Intercolumniation

Hall of 100 columns pic

ARCH TEST: #2
 in Persepolis: used as a throne room and royal audience hall
Hypostyle Halls -has a lot of columns basically
-"a building having a roof supported by many pillars"

is an assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having a

human's head, a body of an ox or a lion, and bird wings
Lamassu

Persia Location of Persepolis

ex: apadana reliefs

Relief Sculpture
sculture that is within the rock and sculpted into it

Tribute the apadana was a tribute to the Persian King and his power

the son of Darius, second King, finished Persepolis, claims that he built the Gate of All Nations
Xerxes
-claims that anything he built was because of the good power of Ahuramazda

What are the main design elements of the

Persian Palace and Persepolis?

How does the Architecture of Persepolis reflect

and reinforce important elements of Persian
society and the organization of the Persian
empire?
How does Persian architecture draw upon the
knowledge and symbolism of other cultures?

According to the article by A. Mousavi, what are

some of the theories about why the Persian kinds
built Persepolis

Doric and Ionic Orders PICTURE

What kind of order was on the Temple of Hera? Doric

Where was the Temple of Hera? Italy, Paestum (Poseidonia)

What are the three major parts of the Temple of Hera? Adyton, Cella, Pronaos

What period was the Temple of Hera in? Archaic Period

Opisthodomos, pronaos, cella (naos)

Temple of Hera Olympia, the three major elements?

Temple of Hera Olympia PIC

Temple of Hera Paestum Italy PIC

adyton, cella, pronaos

Structure of the Temple of Hera in Italy

capital, abascus, echinus, column shaft

What four elements were in the columns at the Temple of
Hera in Olympia

What Greek buildings were in the Archaic Period? Temple of Hera at Olympia, Temple of Hera Italy

Erichtheion (temple of Athena Polias),

Temple of Athena
What Greek buildings were in the classical period?
Parthenos (Parthenon), Propylia,
ARCH TEST: #2 Temple of Athena Nike, Temple of Apollo Epikourious
 Epidauros Theater
What Greek buildings were part of the Hellenistic Period?
Stoa of Attalus II

Temple of Athena is also known as what? The Parthenon

Parthenon Pic

opisthenaos
opisthodomos
Design Elements of the Parthenon
cella=naos
pronaos

Who were the architects of the Parthenon? Iktinos and Kallikrates

They were the four sides of the Parthenon and the sculptures on them
-Gods vs. Giants
What were the doric metopes of the Temple of Athena? -Greeks vs. Amazons
-Greeks vs. Trojans
-Greeks vs. Centaurs

What was unique about the top of the building walls of the Continuous Ionic Frieze at the top
Parthenon?

What is the statue of Athena Parthenos made of and where ivory and gold (chryselephatine) located in the cella (naos)
was it located?

Sculpture of the Statue of Athena Parthenos Pheidias

Where was the Erechtheion? In the Acropolis of Athens

Location of the Erechtheion in a picture

Recent Pictures of Erechtheion

Propylaia in the map

Who was the architect of the Propylaia? Mnesikles

Propylaia Picture

Interior: Ionic
What kind of interior and exterior is on the Propylaia?
Exterior: Doric

Because the land was uneven and there was The Temple of Athena Nike that they couldn't build
Why was the Propylaia assymetrical?
over at the time

Temple of Athena Nike

The current combination of the Propylia and the Temple of

Athena Nike

What kind of plan did the Temple of Athena Nike have? tetrastyle amphiprostyle plan (non-peripteral)

ARCH TEST: #2
The Temple of Apollo Epikourios Bassai

Who was the architect of the Temple of Apollo at Bassai? Iktinos

What was the orientation of the Temple of Apollo North-South

Peristyle
-pronaos
What kind of plan did the temple of apollo have? -cella
-adyton
-opisthodomos

Exterior: Doric
What was the interior and exterior of the Temple of Apollo
Interior: Ionic (+ 1 corinthian column in the middle)

Temple of Apollo interior PIC

What is the major significance of the Lysikrates monument? it was possibly the first example of corinthian column

Lysikrates Monument Picture

the theatron
the three important elements of the Theater at Epidauros orchestra
skene

Theater at Epidauros Picture

The Stoa of Attalus II or ______ King of Pergamum

Stoa of Attalus Picture

Another Stoa of Attalus PIC

Abacus

The kind of plant that a corinthian capital is modeled

after, said that a normal one was set on top of it and then
Acanthus
the plant grew around it to inspire the shape

literally meaning topmost of highest city, a settlement built on elevated ground

Acropolis
-biggest example is the acropolis of Athens

-it is a architectural ornament place on a flat based

called the archer and mountedd at the aped of the
Acroterion pediment of a building in the classical style
-the terra-cotta disk acroterion: in the
-Temple of Hera at Olympia

ancient market space and civic center

Ex: athens agora
Agora

ARCH TEST: #2
Agora Buildings Layout

Anathyrosis the technical term for how the ancients frequently dressed the joints of stone blocks

Andron Andron of Alexandria, also referred to as Athenaeus

name for acient greek or roman temples that have side

walls that extend to form a porch at the front, rear or
Antae
both

Another name for Architrave epistyle

What is an architrave? (epistyle) the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns in classical architecture

very put together blocks, organized design

Ashlar masonry

Capital the top part of a column

Caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column

Where is there an example of a Caryatids? The Erechtheion

What is the other word for cella? naos

what is a cella/naos? is the inner chamber of a temple is classical architecture

In Athens: the lysikrates monument

Choragic monument

Chyselephatine greek statues built around a wooden frame with thin carved slabs of ivory attached

metal connective points they used to stabilize buildings,

sometimes would get stollen because they were of value
Clamp

Clamps: then they got stollen

What kind of mechanism was used to keep the Theater of
Marcellus together?

Temple of Athena Parthenos (Parthenon)

Propylaia
What buildings were in the classical period?
Temple of Athena Nike
Temple of Apollo Epikourios

they have column inclination?

What is up with the columns on the Parthenon?

-3 sided corinthian portico

what design element was shown in the Palestrina?

Corinthian Columns With the decorative plant as the capital

What is a cornice/geison? the top petruding part of a building, the part that hangs over the side

a small block form that is used as a design element in a

cornice
Dentils

ARCH TEST: #2
Doric

Doric and Ionic Frieze

Echinus

Engaged Columns columns that are attached somewhat to another wall or structure

the combination of the cornice, frieze, and architrave

Entablature

a slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of
Entasis
concavity produced by a straight shaft