Chemistry Q2 SLK - Revised Oct 18 2021

ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City

(for INHS classroom use only)
Chemistry 9
Quarter 2 - Week 1
At the end of the session, I would be able to:
S9MTIIb-14 Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Model of the atom describes the
energies and positions of the electrons.
Lesson
Electrons and Energy Level
1
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

1. relate colors of light emitted by metals to the structure of the atom.
2. infer that electrons can stay only in definite energy levels
3. identify the energy levels, sublevels, and atomic orbitals in an atom
4. determine the maximum number of electrons that can stay in an energy
level
What’s New
Photo illustrated by: Donnie Ray Obina
Striking display of fireworks is done all over the world during New
Year’s Eve. Have you observed the different colors of light emitted by these
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Chemistry 9
fireworks? Do you know what is responsible for this array of colors? Would
you believe that this is d`ue to the arrangement of electrons within the
atoms? Excited to discover more about the atom? Let’s go…
Firework effects are produced by the combustion of explosive

materials present in fireworks. These explosive materials are also called
metal salts. Metal
salts emit characteristic color of light when heated as shown in the Table
1
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(for INHS classroom use only) Chemistry 9
Table 1. Color emitted of some metal salts and its element responsible for its color
Metal salts Element giving color Color of flame
Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) Sodium (Na) Yellow

Barium Chloride (BaCl2) Barium (Ba) green
Barium Nitrate (Na2NO3) Barium (Ba) green
Calcium Chloride (Ca2Cl) Calcium (Ca) Orange
Copper Chloride (CuCl) Copper (Cu) Blue
Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3) Lithium (Li) red
Analyze the information given in the table 1 and answer Q1 and Q2.
Q1. What can you conclude about the elements and the color of flame produced?
Q2. If sodium nitrate is change to another salt of sodium, ex. Sodium chloride (table
salt), do you think the color of the flame would be the same or different? Why?
What is It
Each color of light has a specific wavelength. Among the visible light, red light
has the longest wavelength and has the lowest energy. Violet light has the shortest
wavelength and has the highest energy.
When compounds of different elements are heated over a flame, it comes to a

point where the hot gaseous atom begins to emit light of a definite color. Analysis of
light given off by the vapors of elements can be done more precisely with an instrument
called spectroscope. With the use of spectroscope, one can detect a series of narrow
lines or line spectrum on the light given off by an element. The spectral lines suggest
different energy levels in an atom.
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Atomic emission spectra
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How did Neils Bohr explain the spectral lines of an element shown in the
spectroscope? Each line in the atomic spectra of elements suggest definite energy
transformations within the atom. Bohr stated that electrons are moving around the
nucleus in circular path or orbit at definite distances from the nucleus. This is similar
to the planets revolving around the sun. Electrons in each orbit have definite energy.
This energy increases as the distance of the orbit from the nucleus increases.
These orbits are also known as “shells” or “energy levels” and are assigned
each a number: n=1, n=2, n=3, etc. or letters (K, L, M, N, O, etc. ). As long as the
electron stays in its given orbit, there is no absorption or emission of energy. If the
electron received extra energy, it can jump into a higher energy level, this is also
called excited state. The electron in the excited state can return to its original lower
energy level or ground state by releasing discreet amount of energy in the form of light.
Absorption and Emission of Energy
Bohr’s atomic model can only describe atomic spectrum of an atom having
only one electron like that of hydrogen. An Austrian physicist, Erwin Schrodinger
together with Werner Heisenberg and Louis de Broglie made a refinement of Bohr’s
atomic model. Schrödinger used mathematical equations to describe the possibility of
finding an electron in a certain location. This model is known as the quantum
mechanical model of the atom.
Based on the quantum mechanical model, it would be impossible to plot a definite path
or orbit for the moving electrons. At least, we can only guess the most probable location of the
electron in a given instant to be within a certain volume or region of space surrounding the
nucleus. An atomic orbital is the region around the nucleus where the electron is most likely to
be found. The atomic orbital serves as the “house” of the electron. It can accommodate a
maximum of 2 electrons.
Aside from the main energy levels and atomic orbitals, there are also energy
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sublevels as shown by the finer lines in the atomic emission spectra of elements.
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What’s More
This atomic model presented by Bohr is comparable to a staircase as shown on

the figure below. When you walk up or down the stairs your feet must hit the steps not
on the empty space between each steps, otherwise you will be in trouble until you hit
another step. The higher you climb the stairs; the more energy you need. Similarly, the
electrons can only stay in a definite energy level and not on the space between energy
levels. The further the energy level from the nucleus, the higher the energy.
Activity A
Refer to the illustration above to answer the questions below.

1. Similar with the electron, what does the man require to climb up the stairs?
2. When going up the stairs, is it possible to reach the top instantly? (represent
man as electron when explaining)
3. What happens to a person attempting to step on the next level with insufficient
energy? (represent man as electron when explaining)
4. Can electrons occupy any space between energy levels?
Activity B. Maximum Electron Capacity of the Main Energy Level

The maximum number of electrons in the main energy level is determined by the
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formula 2n2 where n is an integer that designates each energy level. For the first main
energy level (K), n=1; in the second main energy level (L), n=2, in the third energy
level, n= 3 and so on. Each main energy level contains sublevels and each
sublevel has a fixed number of atomic orbitals. For the s sublevel, there is only one
atomic orbital, p sublevel has three atomic orbitals and d has 5 atomic orbitals.
Ex. In Main energy level 1 (K), n=1
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Using the formula 2n2, the number of electrons occupying energy level 1 is 2.
Since there are 2 electrons in the first energy level, it means there is only one sublevel
named s with one atomic orbital and that is the s orbital. How many sublevels and
atomic orbitals are there in the next energy levels? Study the table below and supply the
missing data.
Complete the table below:
Main Number and Number of kind of Maximum

Energy kind of atomic atomic number of
Levels (n) sublevels orbital orbitals electrons)
1 (K) 1 (s) 1 1s 2
1s
2 (L) 2 ( s and p) 4 8
3p
1s
3 (M) 3 (s, p, and d) 9 3p
5d
1s
4 (s, p, d, and 3p
4 (N) 16 32
f) 5d
7f
5 (s, p, d, f,
5 (O) 25 50
and g)
1s
3p
5d
7f
9g
11 h
7 (Q) 98
Reminders: Please follow the same format below in answering the activity sheets throughout the quarter.
Write your answers legibly. Use short bond paper.
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Activity 1
Illustrate the atomic model of the given elements.
e
e
e
e
arbon (C) atom has 6 electrons Magnesium (Mg) atom has12 electrons
Beryllium (Be) atom has 4 electrons Chlorine (Cl) atom has 17 electrons
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What I Can Do
Luksong tinik is one of our traditional games which originated in Cabanatuan

city. As the height of the barrier (tinik) increases, why do players move away before
jumping? Relate your answer to the energy of an electron as its distance from the
nucleus increases.
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________ Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City
Chemistry 9
QUARTER 2 - Week 2
At the end of the session, I would be able to know:
S9MTIIb-15 Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or covalent) based on their
properties such as melting point, hardness, polarity, and electrical and thermal conductivity.
Concepts:
● Many of the chemical compounds we interact with in our daily life can be classified as
either covalent or ionic. Ionic compounds have atoms bonded by ionic bonds
where there is transfer of electrons from a metal, usually found on the left side of the
periodic table, to a nonmetal, usually found on the right side of the periodic table.
● Ionic compounds are formed from strong electrostatic interactions between ions, which
result in higher melting points and electrical conductivity compared to covalent
compounds.
● Ionic compounds form crystal lattices. They are hard, brittle, high boiling points and
they conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water .
● Covalent compounds have bonds where electrons of nonmetals are shared between
atoms to attain stability. Due to the sharing of electrons, they exhibit characteristic
physical properties that include lower melting points and electrical conductivity
compared to ionic compounds.
● Covalent compounds tend to be softer, have low boiling points and tend to be
flammable. When dissolve in water, they don’t conduct electricity.
● Covalent bonds maybe of different types:
● Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed by equal sharing of electrons of nonmetals.

This is made possible by bonding identical atoms (equal electronegativity values) to
form a molecule or electronegativity difference (EN) is less than 0.4).
● Polar Covalent Bonds are bonds formed by unequal sharing of electrons of
nonmetals. Two unlike atoms will have unequal sharing when difference in
electronegativity values is less than 1.7 but greater than 0.4.
● Ionic bonds are formed by actual electron transfer from a metal to a nonmetal. This
occurs between atoms with large differences in the tendency to lose or gain electrons.
Polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecular compound having a
negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
G.N. Lewis’s view of chemical bonding is consistent with what he called the Octet Rule: atoms
of most main group elements tend to lose, gain, or share electrons so that the atom has eight
valence electrons. Hydrogen is an exception which can share only a pair of bonding electrons,
a duet instead of an octet. Lewis structure is a way of representing individual electrons and how
they are distributed in various types of bonds.
An example is sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride or salt. Chlorine is a non-
metal and sodium is a metal based on their valence electrons and location in the periodic table.
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Chemistry 9
Since chlorine belongs to Group VIIA and sodium belongs to Group IA. Sodium will transfer its
electrons to chlorine since generally metals tend to lose their 3 or less electrons while non-
metals gain electrons as its outer shell needs only 1-4 electrons to satisfy the Octet Rule.
Octet Rule-The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in
the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than eight electrons, they tend to react and form
more stable compounds.
To illustrate the Lewis Electron Dot Structures, draw dots corresponding to the number of
valence electrons around the symbols of Na and Cl.
The valence electrons in Na will be transferred to the unpaired electrons of Cl making

chlorine stable by receiving electrons. Na will have its new shell with 8 electrons after losing 1
electron on its last energy level.
(All metals after losing 1-3 electrons of their last shell will have its new energy level with 8
electrons except Li, Be and B).
This is what happens when two nitrogen atoms bond. Nitrogen belongs to group VA,
therefore having 5 valence electrons. To show bonding of 2 nitrogen atoms, first write the
Lewis structure that is 5 dots are written around the 4 corners of the symbol of nitrogen before
bonding. To draw the atoms after bonding, connect or pair the unpaired electrons from the
Lewis structures.
The sharing of electrons causes an atom to have the same electronic configuration as that
of the nearest noble gas. The sharing of electrons of the atom has attained stability that leads
to the formation of compounds.
The type of chemical bond between 2 nitrogen atoms is a nonpolar covalent bond because
they are identical atoms and there is an equal sharing in atoms, the electronegativity difference
is zero.
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Chemistry 9
Types of Chemical Bonds:
Covalent Ionic Metallic
Elements involved nonmetals Metals and nonmetals metals
Electron distribution shared transferred delocalized
Examples: What type of compounds are the following?

1. CH3CH2OH (rubbing alcohol) -is made up of Carbon and Hydrogen, both are non-metals.
Answer: covalent compound
2. NaHCO3 (baking soda)-is made up of Sodium metal and carbonate non-metallic ion.
Answer: ionic compound
3. CH3(CH2)6CH3 (gasoline)- is made up of both non-metals and has a low boiling point.
Answer: covalent compound
4. FeSO4 (vitamins)- is made up of a metal and a nonmetal and conducts electricity when
dissolved in water
Answer: ionic compound
Reminder: Please follow the format used in Activity 1.
ACTIVITY 2
Recognizing Compounds Based on the Types of Bonds and its
Properties
Direction: Read and understand the direction to answer the following questions:
(Please use extra clean sheet of short-sized bond paper for your answer and
write your name, grade and section and the date)
A. 1. Consider the atoms chlorine and magnesium with 17 electrons and 12 electrons
respectively, show the electron dot structures in these two atoms. Know what type of
compound is formed. Explain.
2. Oxygen belongs to group VIA, therefore having 6 valence electrons. What happens
when two oxygen atoms bond? What kind of compound is formed?
B. Fill up the table below by putting a check if the properties listed on the first column are
properties of ionic or covalent compounds.
Properties Ionic Compound Covalent Compound
Melting point
Electrical conductivity
Thermal conductivity
Polarity
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Chemistry 9
Hardness/softness
Quarter 2 - Week 3

S9MTIIe-f-16 Explain how ions are formed.
Concepts:
● Ion is an atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge
● Ions are formed when the number of protons in an atom does not equal the
number of electrons.
● If more protons are present, the ion is positive and is known as a cation; if more
electrons are present, the ion is negative and referred to as an anion.
● Anions are ions that are negatively charged because they have more electrons than
protons. Anions are generally nonmetals.
● Cations are ions that are positively charged because they have more protons than
electrons. Cations are generally metals.
● Ions are highly reactive species. They are generally found in a gaseous state and
do not occur in abundance on Earth. They are repelled by like electric charges and
are attracted to opposite charges.
● The electron cloud of an atom determines the size of the atom; added electrons
(anions) increase the electron repulsion, increasing the ion’s size, while cations (with
less electrons) are smaller than the atom because there are fewer electrons in the
cloud to repel each other.
An atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense nucleus composed of positively
charged protons and neutral neutrons, which is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged
electrons. If an atom has the same number of protons and electrons, it is electrically neutral.
However, if the total number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, the atom has
a net electrical charge. Any atom with a net charge, either positive or negative, is known as an
ion. Ions can be formed by ionization, which is the process of a neutral atom losing or gaining
electrons. Ionization generally involves a transfer of electrons between atoms by the
achievement of a stable configuration following the Octet Rule.
Examples on how do atoms become ions: Consider Fluorine an atom that tends to gain
an electron (electronegativity is high) to become an ion, F -. F has 9 electrons (2 in the
innermost shell, 7 in the outer shell). Therefore F will accept an electron from another atom to
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Chemistry 9
become negatively charged, and become an anion, because it has more electrons than protons.
The charge the ion gets is from how many electrons it accepts.
Another common example is Na atom. Na is a metal and tends to give up an electron and
becomes Na+1 a +1 charge because according to Octet Rule, sodium would be stable with 10
electrons only out of the 11 electrons it possess (2 in its innermost shell, 8 in the 2nd shell).
Therefore, sodium would transfer one electron to be more stable and by losing 1 electron
sodium becomes an ion having more protons than electrons.

ACTIVITY 3
FORMATION OF IONS
(Please use extra clean sheet of short-sized bond paper for your answer and write your
name, grade and section and the date)
A. Identify the ions that will be formed from the following atoms:
1. When calcium loses two electrons
2. If oxygen gains 2 electrons
3. If potassium loses one electron
4. When bromine gains 1 electron
5. When barium loses 2 electrons
B. Explain how ions are formed by answering the following questions:
1. How will magnesium atom form ion?
2. What kind of ion chlorine atom form and how?
3. How would you differentiate the kinds of ions?
4. How would you explain how ions are formed?
5. How does an atom differ from an ion?
Quarter 2 - Week 4

S9MTIIg-17 Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affect the type of bonds it forms.
Concepts:
● Carbon atoms can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms and other nonmetal
atoms in many ways. They can form single, double, and triple bonds. These abilities of
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Chemistry 9
carbon atoms are the reasons why there are so many kinds of organic compounds.
● Hydrocarbons are a specific group of organic compounds which contain carbon and
hydrogen only. Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes are the three basic groups of hydrocarbon
compounds.
● Alkanes are hydrocarbons that have single bonds between carbon atoms.
● Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have double bonds between carbon atoms.
● Alkynes have triple bonds between carbon atoms.
Steps in Naming Hydrocarbons:

1. Count the number of carbon atoms.
2. Use the prefixes to indicate the number of carbon atoms.
3. Add the suffix –ane if the bonds are all single bonds, -ene for hydrocarbon with double
bonds (specify the exact location of the double bond, counting from the lowest carbon
number) and –yne for triple bond.
Illustrative Example(s):
1. The first alkane is methane, CH4, it has one carbon therefore the prefix meth- and
suffix -ane is added because one hydrogen atom in attached with single bonds to every
side of carbon atom written as
Methane, CH4
and the second member is ethane, CH3CH3, with 2 carbon atoms thus, the prefix eth –
and suffix -ane is added for carbons and hydrogens bonded to each other, written as
Ethane, CH3CH3
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Chemistry 9
The simplest alkenes are ethene, CH2CH2, and propene, CH2CHCH3. Greek prefix –eth means
there are 2 carbon atoms bonded by a double bond thus the name ends with a suffix -ene.
The prefix prop- means 3 carbon atoms. Written as below respectively,
Ethene, CH2CH2 Propene, CH2CHCH3

or specifically named as 1-propene since the double
bond is located on the first carbon, counting from the
left
2. Alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The most common
alkyne compound is ethyne or acetylene (common name). The Greek prefix eth- means
that two carbon atoms bonded by a triple bond, thus ending in –yne.
Ethyne, CHCH or C2H2
NOTE: ONLY 4 bonds are attached to Carbon atoms and only 1 single bond is
attached to hydrogen atoms.
Drill:
I. Write the structures of the following hydrocarbons:
1. Decane
2. 2-heptene
3. 3-hexyne
ACTIVITY 4
How the Structure of the Carbon Atom Affect the Type of Bonds it Forms
I. Identify what hydrocarbon is illustrated by the following structures:
1. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
2. CH3 CH=CH CH2 CH2 CH3
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3.
4. 5.
II. Write the name of the following hydrocarbon, given the structures:
1. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
2. CH3 CH=CH CH2 CH3
III. Write the structures of the following hydrocarbons:
1. Pentane 3. 1-pentyne
2. 2-pentene 4. 4-nonene
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Quarter 2 - Week 5

S9MTIIh-18 Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds .
Concepts:
Organic compounds are compounds that are primarily composed of carbon atoms, which
are chemically bonded with hydrogen and other elements such as oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen.
They are naturally produced by living organisms, but can also be produced artificially. Organic
compounds such as gasoline, kerosene, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, formaldehyde, acetic
acid, acetone and lubricating oil have important uses. These uses are based on their specific
chemical properties.
● Classes and Uses of Organic Compounds
1. Hydrocarbons are naturally-occurring compounds and form the basis of crude
oil, natural gas, coal, and other important energy sources. Hydrocarbons are highly
combustible and produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat when they are burned. Any of
a class of organic chemical compounds composed only of the elements carbon (C)
and hydrogen (H)
2. Alcohols are a group of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group , -OH, that
is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the compound. They have special uses such
as a disinfectant, fuel, and as a main component (ethyl alcohol) of liquor and other
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alcoholic drinks.
3. Carbonyl compounds like acetone and formaldehyde have a carbonyl functional
group, C=O, which is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the compound. These
common carbonyl compounds also have important uses: acetone is used as a cleaning
agent like nail polish remover, and formaldehyde is used in preserving organic materials
like an animal specimen. This is also the compound used in embalming human
cadavers.
4. Carboxylic acid and their derivatives are used in the production of polymers,
biopolymers, coatings, adhesives, and pharmaceutical drugs. They also can be used as
solvents, food additives, antimicrobials, and flavorings. The general formula of a
carboxylic acid is R–COOH, with R referring to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other group.
Example(s):
The general characteristics of organic compounds is that it comprise almost 90 % of all known
compounds, are combustible in nature, mostly insoluble in water and their properties are
decided by certain active atom or group of atoms known as the functional groups. Refer to the
table of functional groups of organic compounds.
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Chemistry 9
ACTIVITY 5
General Classes and Uses of Organic Compounds
I. Given the following compounds, classify as to which functional group and class of
organic compound it belongs and list down its uses.
a. CH3OH – c. CH2O - e. CH4 -
b. C3H6O – d. CH3COOH –
II. Ketones and aldehydes both belong to the carbonyl group. Draw the simplest
structure of the given compounds. Differentiate one from the other and list down
their uses.
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Quarter 2 - Week 6

S9MT-IIi-19 Use the mole concept to express mass of substances
Concepts
● The mole is the unit of measurement for amount of substance in the International
System of Units (SI units).
● A mole of a substance is defined exactly as 6.02 x 1023 particles (Avogadro’s
Number), which may be atoms(for an element), molecules(for covalent compounds),
ions or formula units(ionic compounds).
● Molar Mass is the total mass of one mole of a substance expressed in grams.
● Different substances with the same number of moles have the same number of particles
but they have different masses.
● The mass of the substance divided by its molar mass gives the number of moles of a
substance.
● The number of moles multiplied by Avogadro’s number gives the number of particles.
● The mole is an amount unit similar to familiar units like pair, dozen, gross, etc. The mole
provides a link between an easily measured macroscopic property, bulk mass, and an
extremely important fundamental property, number of atoms, molecules, and so forth.
The relationships between formula mass, the mole, and Avogadro’s number can be
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Chemistry 9
applied to compute various quantities that describe the composition of substances and
compounds.
Example(s):
If we know the number of moles of a substance, we can derive the mass or the number of
atoms and molecules.
1. The estimated average requirement for dietary potassium is 4.7 g. What is the
estimated average requirement of potassium in moles?
Referring to the periodic table, the atomic mass of K (potassium) is 39.10 amu (atomic
mass units) therefore 39.10 g/mol. The given mass of K (potassium) is 4.7 g. The molar
amount of a substance may be calculated by dividing its mass by its molar mass (g/mol). The
factor-label (DAM-Dimensional Analysis Method) supports this mathematical approach since the
unit “g” cancels and the answer has units of “mol”.
That is: (given x conversion factor – unknown over given unit)
4.7 g K x 1 mol K = 0.12 mol K (the molar mass is always equal to 1 mole)
39.10 g K
2. A liter of air contains 9.2 x 10-4 mol argon. What is the mass of Ar in a liter of air?
The molar amount of Ar (Argon) is given and must be used to derive the corresponding
mass in grams, using the molar mass of Ar (Argon) as 40 g/mol.
In this case, logic dictates (and DAM supports) multiplying the provided amount (mol) by
the molar mass (g/mol).
9.2 x 10-4 mol Ar x 40 g Ar = 0.037 g Ar

1 mole Ar
3. Copper is commonly used to fabricate electrical wires. How many copper atoms are in
5.00 g of copper wire?
The number of Cu atoms in the wire may be conveniently derived from its mass by a two-
step computation: first, calculating the molar amount of Cu, and then Using Avogadro’s
Number to convert this molar amount to number of Cu atoms. That is:
5.00 g Cu x 1 mol Cu x 6.02 x 1023 atoms Cu = 4.74 x 1022 atoms Cu

64 g Cu 1 mol Cu
4. How many moles sucrose, C12H22O11, are in a 25-g sample of sucrose?
We can derive the number of moles of a compound from its mass following the same
procedure we used for an element. The molar mass of sucrose is required for this
calculation and is computed by multiplying the number of atoms of each element (based on
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Chemistry 9
its subscripts) and its atomic mass and then all masses are added, that is C = 12 atoms x 12
g = 144 g.
C = 12 x 12 g = 144 g
H = 22 x 1 g = 22 g
O = 11 x 16 g = 176 g
Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g/mol
Solving for number of moles of sucrose;
25 g C12H22O11 x 1 mole C12H22O11 = 0.073 mol C12H22O11

342 g C12H22O11
DRILL:
1. Beryllium is a light metal used to fabricate transparent X-ray windows for medical
imaging instruments. How many moles of Be are in a thin-foil window weighing 3.24 g?
2. What is the mass of 2.561 moles of gold?
3. How many C4H10 molecules are contained in 9.213 g of this compound?

ACTIVITY 6
Expressing Moles and Mass of Substances
I. Carefully read each problem and solve for what is required. Write your computations on the
spaces provided. Show all computations.
1. A prospector panning for gold in a river collects 15.00 g of pur gold. How many Au atoms
are in this quantity of gold?
2. Our bodies synthesize protein from amino acids. One of these amino acids is glycine, which
has a molecular formula C2H5O2N. How many moles of glycine molecules are contained in
28.35 g of glycine?
3. Vitamin C is a covalent compound with the molecular formula C 6H8O6. The recommended
daily dietary allowance of vitamin C for children aged 4-8 years is 1.42 x 10 -4 moles. What is
the mass of this Vitamin C allowance in grams?
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Quarter 2 - Week 7

S9MT-IIj-20 Determine the percentage composition of a compound given its chemical
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Chemistry 9
formula and vice versa.
Concepts:
● Percentage Composition of a compound tells you the percentage of the mass made up
by each element in a compound
● A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of
atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element
symbols, subscripts, etc.
● Molecular Formula is a type of chemical formula that gives the exact number of atoms of
each element present in one molecule of the compound .
● Molecular Mass/Formula Mass equal to the sum of the masses of all atoms/ions
contained in a molecule/formula unit of a compound expressed in grams (g or atomic mass
unit(amu).
The Percentage Composition of a compound is the ratio of the amount of each element to
the total amount of individual elements in a compound, which is then multiplied with 100.
Total Mass of element
Percent Composition= x 100
Molecular Mass
Let us take water as an example. Its molecular formula is H 2O. This tells us that one molecule
of water contains 2 atoms of hydrogen (H) and 1 atom of oxygen (O). If we want to know what
percentage of water is hydrogen or oxygen, we need to calculate its percent composition. To do
this, we need to consider the following steps:
Step 1: Total mass of element= No. of atoms x atomic mass

Solve for the total mass of (Refer to the periodic table for the atomic mass of each element )
each individual element based
on its molecular formula.
Step 2:
Solve for the Molecular Mass
(total mass of the compound)
Step 3: Total Mass of element

Solve for the percent Molecular Mass
composition of each element % H = 2 g x 100
by substituting the values from 18g
the previous steps to the = 11 % H
formula. %O = 16 g x 100
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Chemistry 9
18 g
= 89 % O
Water is made up of 11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen by
mass. The total percent mass should always be 100
percent.
A. Give the percentage composition of the compounds listed:
1. Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3

Solution:
a. Solve for total mass of each element.
b. Add all the total masses to get the Formula Mass of Na 2CO3.
Na = 2 x 23 g = 46 g (or amu)
C = 1 x 12 g = 12 g
O = 3 x 16 g = 48 g
Formula Mass = 106 g (or amu)
c. Solve for the percent composition of each element in the compound

Molecular Mass
% Na = 46 g x 100 = 43.40 % Na
106 g
% C = 12 g x 100 = 13.32 % C
106 g
% O = 48 g x 100 = 45.28 % O
106 gg ________________
100 %
2. Rust, Fe2O3
Fe = 2 x 56 g = 112 g (or amu)
O = 3 x 16 g = 48 g
= 160 g
Molecular Mass
% Fe = 112 g x 100
160 g
= 70 % Fe
% O = 48 g x 100
160 g
= 30 % O
25
jvjapitanaAdfunt
Chemistry 9
DRILL:
What is the percentage composition of the following compounds?
1. Lye (NaOH) – used in unclogging drain pipes

2. Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H8O) – used as a disinfectant
3. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) – baking powder
ACTIVITY WEEK 7
I. Carefully read each problem and solve for what is required. Write your computations on the
spaces provided. Show your complete solution . (Refer to your periodic table for the atomic masses.)
1. A packet of an artificial sweetener contains saccharin, C 7H5NO3S. What is the

percentage composition of C7H5NO3S in an artificial sweetener?
2. Quartz, SiO2, is the most abundant mineral found at Earth’s surface and its unique
properties make it one of the most useful natural substances. Quartz is a chemical
compound consisting of one part silicon and two parts oxygen, what is its percentage
composition?
3. Caffeine (C8H10N4O2), is a stimulant found in coffee, tea, colas and energy drinks. It is
used to restore mental alertness or wakefulness during fatigue or drowsiness. Caffeine is
also found in some headache and migraine medications. Solve for its percent
composition.
****************************************************************************
GRADE 9
PERFORMANCE TASK
MELC: S9MT-IIj-20 Determine the percentage composition of a compound given its chemical
formula and vice versa.
GOAL: To determine the percentage composition of the components of a certain food label.
ROLE: Student Researcher
AUDIENCE: STUDENT
SITUATION:
26
jvjapitana jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

Chemistry 9
Look for a product at home that has food label. Based on the Ingredient List printed in the
label, list the components in grams or milligrams and solve their individual percentage
composition. Show complete solution and attach the food label in your answer sheet.
A template is provided below.
TEMPLATE: :
Subject: Subject Teacher:
Name: Grade & Sec:
Adviser: Score:
A. PRODUCT NAME: _____________ NET WEIGHT: ______

[INSERT FOOD LABEL/INGREDIENT LIST]
B. PERCENT COMPOSITION
INGREDIENT NAME MASS Percent Composition Calculation
(g or mg)
1.
2.
In short bond papers, do the following:Components of a Food

Product/label and Its Percentage composition Photos
For Online Learners: Submit your output in the Google Classroom.
RUBRICS FOR SUCCESS
Rubric for SCIENCE
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY FAIR NEED

IMPROVEMENT
(4) (3) (2) (1)
27
Chemistry 9
The output The output shows Some parts of Most parts of the
clearly shows evidence of the output output are not
Content evidence of in- knowledge of the are not evident of the
depth knowledge topic. clearly knowledge of the
50% of the topic. evident of the topic.
knowledge on
the topic.
Creativity The output is The output is The output is The output is not
very organized organized and minimally organized and
20% and highly creative organized and show no effort
creative creative
Neatness and Presentation is Presentation is Presentation Presentation

Organization organized in an mostly organized organization organization is
easy-to-under in an easy-to- is not easy to difficult to follow
15% stand format under stand understand.
format.
Promptness in The output was The output was The output The output was
submission submitted on submitted within was submitted 2 days
time the day but not submitted a after the deadlines
15% on the specific day after the
time deadline.
Total= 100 %
(100 pts)
TEMPLATE:
REFERENCES
Briones, L.L., et al. (2010). Chemistry Power Vol.1. Saint Mary’s Publishing Corporation
Gilbert, Thomas R., et.al. (2015). Chemistry: The Science in Context. Fourth Edition, W.W.
Norton and Company
28
Chemistry 9
Mapa, A.P., Trinidad, F.B. &Rabago, L.M. (2001). Chemistry Teacher’s Manual. SD Publications,
Inc.
Mendoza-Canyong, P., et al. (2015).Science Grade 10.Vicarish Publication and Trading, Inc.
Formula Mass. Retrieved July 16, 2020 from

https://www.yenka.com/activities/Calculating_the_Formula_Mass_of_a_Compound_-_Activity/
Percent Composition. Retrieved July 20, 2020 from

https://chemistrygod.com/percentage-composition
Lewis Structures. Retrieved July 10, 2020 from http://misterguch.brinkster.net/PRA017.pdf
Chemical Bonding. Retrieved July 10, 2020 from www.Icps.org
Naming Organic Compounds. Retrieved July 21, 2020

fromhttps://library.vcc.ca/learningcentre/pdf/vcclc/Chem0871-
NamingOrganicCompoundsPractice.pdf
29

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ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

Photo illustrated by: Donnie Ray Obina

Firework effects are produced by the combustion of explosive

Metal salts Element giving color Color of flame

Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) Sodium (Na) Yellow

When compounds of different elements are heated over a flame, it comes to a

Absorption and Emission of Energy

This atomic model presented by Bohr is comparable to a staircase as shown on

Photo illustrated by: Donnie Ray Obina

Refer to the illustration above to answer the questions below.

Activity B. Maximum Electron Capacity of the Main Energy Level

Ex. In Main energy level 1 (K), n=1

Complete the table below:

Main Number and Number of kind of Maximum

Luksong tinik is one of our traditional games which originated in Cabanatuan

Photo illustrated by: Donnie Ray Obina

● Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed by equal sharing of electrons of nonmetals.

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga,afuntanilla

The valence electrons in Na will be transferred to the unpaired electrons of Cl making

Examples: What type of compounds are the following?

Reminder: Please follow the format used in Activity 1.

Properties Ionic Compound Covalent Compound

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

At the end of the session, I would be able to:

● Ion is an atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

Reminder: Please follow the format used in Activity 1.

1. When calcium loses two electrons

2. If oxygen gains 2 electrons

3. If potassium loses one electron

4. When bromine gains 1 electron

5. When barium loses 2 electrons

B. Explain how ions are formed by answering the following questions:

1. How will magnesium atom form ion?

2. What kind of ion chlorine atom form and how?

3. How would you differentiate the kinds of ions?

4. How would you explain how ions are formed?

5. How does an atom differ from an ion?

At the end of the session, I would be able to:

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

● Alkynes have triple bonds between carbon atoms.

Steps in Naming Hydrocarbons:

2. Use the prefixes to indicate the number of carbon atoms.

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

Ethene, CH2CH2 Propene, CH2CHCH3

Ethyne, CHCH or C2H2

I. Write the structures of the following hydrocarbons:

Reminder: Please follow the format used in Activity 1.

I. Identify what hydrocarbon is illustrated by the following structures:

1. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

2. CH3 CH=CH CH2 CH2 CH3

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

1. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

2. CH3 CH=CH CH2 CH3

III. Write the structures of the following hydrocarbons:

At the end of the session, I would be able to:

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

General Classes and Uses of Organic Compounds

At the end of the session, I would be able to:

jvjapitana, nparen, vcaraso,ce casiple, ltingatinga, afuntanilla

That is: (given x conversion factor – unknown over given unit)

A. PRODUCT NAME: _______ NET WEIGHT: