Chapter 4.

THERMOCHEMISTRY
4.1. The internal energy change E when a system goes from state A to state B by different
paths has the following property:
a) It does not change because heat q and work w are constants.
b) It changes because heat q and work w change along the path.
c) It does not changed and is equal to q + w according to the law of conservation of
energy.
d) It cannot be calculated because each path has different values of heat q and work
w.
4.2. The internal energy of a system increases when goes from state 1 to state 2 under
constant-pressure conditions. Knowing that the heat is transferred from the system to
the surroundings during this process, therefore:
a) The work is done by the system on the surroundings.
b) The work is done on the system by the surroundings.
c) No work is done as the system proceeds.
d) It is not enough information to predict that the work is done by or on the system.
4.3. Choose the correct statement:
Consider the reaction: NO (g) + ½ O2 (g) = NO2 (g)
The reaction is carried out in a closed vessel of a constant volume, after which the
reaction is turned back to the initial temperature. Such the process is:
a) isobaric and isothermal b) isochoric
c) isochoric and isothermal d) isobaric and isochoric
4.4. Under isochoric conditions, an exothermic reaction is one with:
a) w < 0 b) E > 0 c) H < 0 d) E < 0
4.5. Calculate E for a system undergoing an endothermic process in which 15.6 kJ of heat
flows and where 1.4 kJ of work is done on the system.
 a) +17.0 kJ b) -17.0 kJ c) +14.2 kJ d) -14.2 kJ
4.6. In a cycle, 2 kcal of work is done on the system. Calculate the heat exchanged by the
system:
a) -2 kcal b) +4 kcal c) +2 kcal d) 0
4.7. Choose the incorrect statement:
a) The first law of thermodynamic is the conservation-of-energy principle.
b) Heat only self-transfers from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature
object.
c) At constant pressure, the heat of reaction is the energy that is released or
absorbed when chemicals are transformed in a chemical reaction.
d) The change of enthalpy of a process does not change with temperature.
4.8. Consider the reaction: NO(g) + 1/2O2(g)  NO2(g) , ΔH°298= -7.4 kcal. The reaction
is carried out in a closed vessel of constant volume, after which the reaction is turned
back to the initial temperature. Such the system is:
a) isolated b) closed and homogeneous
c) closed and heterogeneous d) isolated and homogeneous
4.9. Choose the incorrect statement:
a) An isolated system is a thermodynamic system that cannot exchange either
energy (e.g., work and heat) or matter outside the boundaries of the system.
b) A closed system is a physical system that does not allow transfer of matter and
work, although the transfer of heat energy is allowed.
c) An adiabatic process is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without
transferring heat or mass but can exchange work between the system and the
surroudings.
d) An open system is a system that is not constrained by any restrictions and can
exchange matter and energy with the surroudings.
4.10. Which of the following is not a state function:
1) pressure (P) 2) enthalpy (H) 3) work (w)
4) heat (q) 5) temperature (T)
a) 1, 2, 3 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 3, 4 d) 1, 2, 5
4.11. Choose the best description for Hess law:
a) The heat effect of a chemical process depends only on the nature and state of
the reactants and products, and not on the path of the process.
b) The heat effect of an isobaric or isochoric chemical process depends only on the
nature of the reactants and products, and not on the path of the process.
c) The heat effect of an isobaric chemical process depends only on the nature and
state of the reactants and products, and not on the path of the process.
d) The heat effect of an isobaric or isochoric chemical process depends only on the
nature and state of the reactants and products, and not on the path of the process.
4.12. The reaction Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) = 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) at the given conditions has 298
= –6.8 kcal. Calculate the change in internal energy E298 of the reaction: (Given that
R  2.10-3 kcal/mol.K)
a) +6.8 kcal b) –8.6 kcal c) –6.8 kcal d) –5.0 kcal
4.13. Which of following reactions has ∆H > ∆E at standard conditions?
1) 2HF (g)  H2 (g) + F2 (g)
2) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3 (g)
3) 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g)  4NO (g) + 6H2O (g)
a) Reaction 1 b) Reaction 2
c) Reaction 3 d) All of the above reactions
4.14. Calculate the difference between the changes in enthalpy and in internal energy the
following reaction at 25oC:
C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g) = 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l) (R = 8.314 J/mol.K)
a) 4539 J b) 2270 J c) 1085 J d) 2478 J
4.15. Under isochoric conditions, an exothermic reaction has:
a) Work w < 0 b) E < 0 c) H > 0 d) E > 0
4.16. Under isobaric conditions, at a given temperature, the following reaction
A(s) + 2B(g) = C(g) + 2D(g) releases heat. It can be concuded that:
a) E < H b) E = H
c) E > H d) Not enough data to compare E and H
4.17. A system gains 200 kJ of heat. The internal energy of the system increases by 250 kJ.
The value of the work of the above process is:
a) 350 kJ. The work is done on the system by the surroundings.
b) 50 kJ. The work is done on the system by the surroundings.
c) 50 kJ. The work is done by the system on the surroundings.
d) -50 kJ. The work is done by the system on the surroundings.
4.18. Follow these values of  under the same conditions of these reactions:
(1) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) = 2SO3(g) H = -196 kJ
(2) 2S(s) + 3O2(g) = 2SO3(g) H = -790 kJ
Calculate the value of  under the same condition of the following reaction
S(s) + O2(g) = SO2(g)
a) H = -594 kJ b) H = -297 kJ c) H = 594 kJ d) H = 297 kJ
4.19. From these reactions:
(1) A + B = C + D, 1 (2) E + F = C + D, 2
Determine 3 of the following reaction: (3) A + B = E + F, 3
a) 3 = 1 - 2 b) 3 = 1 + 2
c) 3 = 2 - 1 d) 3 = -1 -2
4.20. Determine 0 of the reaction B  A based on the enthalpy changes of the following
reactions:
A  C 1
D  C 2
 B  D 3
a) 0 = 1 - 2 + 3 b) 0 = 3 + 2 - 1
c) 0 = 2 - 1 - 3 d) 0 = 1 + 2 + 3
4.21. Given the following thermochemical equations:
½ Fe2O3 (s) + 3/2 CO (g)  Fe (s) + 3/2 CO2 (g) ΔH° = –14.0 kJ
3 Fe (s) + 4 CO2 (g)  4 CO (g) + Fe3O4 (s) ΔH° = +12.5 kJ
Calculate the value of ΔH° for the following reaction:
3Fe2O3 (s) + CO (g)  CO2 (g) + 2 Fe3O4 (s) ΔH° =?
a) –28.0 kJ b) +40.5 kJ c) –15.5 kJ d) –59.0 kJ
4.22. Determine 0 of the reaction B  A based on the enthalpy changes of the following
reactions:
A  C 1
C  D 2
B  D 3
a) 0 = 3 - 1 - 2 b) 0 = 3 + 2 - 1
c) 0 = 2 - 1 - 3 d) 0 = 1 + 2 + 3
4.23. According to the heat effects (H) of these reactions given below, which value is the
heat of combustion?
1) C (graphite) + 1/2 O2 (g) = CO (g), ΔH°298 = -110.55 kJ
2) H2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) = H2O (l), ΔH°273 = - 571.20 kJ
3) H2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) = H2O (g), ΔH°298 = -237.84 kJ
4) C (graphite) + O2 (g) = CO2 (g), ΔH°298 = -393.50 kJ
a) 4 b) 2, 4 c) 1, 2, 3, 4 d) 2
4.24. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation liquid CH3OH, given that:
C (graphite) + O2 (g) = CO2 (g) Ho1 = -94 kcal/mol
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) = H2O (l) Ho2 = -68,5 kcal/mol
CH3OH (l) + 3/2 O2 (g) = CO2 (g) + 2H2O Ho3 = -171 kcal/mol
a) +60 kcal/mol b) –402 kcal/mol
 c) +402 kcal/mol d) –60 kcal/mol
4.25. When graphite is burned with oxygen, 33g of carbon dioxide is obtained and 70.9 kcal
is released at the standard conditions. Therefore, the standard enthalpy of formation
of carbon dioxide is:
a) -70.9 kcal/mol b) -94.5 kcal/mol
c) 94.5 kcal/mol d) 68.6 kcal/mol
4.26. Given that:
2NH3 (g) + 5/2 O2 (g)  2NO (g) + 3H2O (g)
ΔHof, 298 (kJ/mol) -46.3 0 +90.4 -241.8
The rxn of the above reaction is:
a) –452 kJ b) 452 kJ c) +406.8 kJ d) –406.8 kJ
4.27. Given that the standard enthalpies of formation of B2O3 (s), H2O (l), CH4 (s), and C2H2
(g) are -1273.5, -285.8, -74.7, and +2.28 (kJ/mol), respectively. Of these 4 substances,
the one that is most easily decomposed is:
a) H2O (l) b) CH4 (s) c) C2H2 (g) d) B2O3 (s)
4.28. Choose the correct statement(s).
At the standard condition, the reaction
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) = H2O (l) release an amount of heat is 245.17 kJ. Then, we can
concluse that:
1) The standard heat of combustion of H2 is –245.17 kJ/mol.
2) The standard enthalpy of formation of gas water is –245.17kJ/mol.
3) The enthalpy of the above reaction is –245.17 kJ/mol.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 1, 3 d) 1, 2, 3
4.29. Choose the correct statement(s). The enthalpy of a reaction is equal to:
1) The total enthalpy of products minus the total enthalpy of reactants.
2) The total heat of combustion of reactants minus the total heat of combustion of
products.
3) The total bonding energy of reactants minus the total bonding energy of products.
 a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1, 2, 3
4.30. From the balanced equation:
NH4Cl(s) + 4O2(g)  2NO2(g)+ 4H2O(g)+ Cl2(g) ΔHo= - 271.8 kJ
Given that: ΔHof [NO2(g)] = 33.1 kJ/mol and ΔHof [H2O (g)] = - 241.8 kJ/mol
Calculate the standard molar enthalpy of formation for NH4Cl(s).
a) -314.6 kJ/mol b) 341.6 kJ/mol
c) -314.6 kJ/mol d) -341.6 kJ/mol
4.31. Which of the following reactions represents the standard enthalpy of formation of
CO2?
a) Cdiamond + O2 (g) = CO2 (g) at 0oC, the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 are
equal to 1 atm.
b) Cgraphite + O2 (g) = CO2 (g) at 25oC, the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 are
equal to 1 atm.
c) Cgraphite + O2 (g) = CO2 (g) at 0oC, the total pressure is 1 atm.
d) Cgraphite + O2 (g) = CO2 (g) at 25oC, the total pressure is 1 atm.
4.32. For the reaction N2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2NO (g) with o298,rxn = +180.8 kJ.
At standard conditions at 25oC, when 1 mol of NO gas is obtained from the above
reaction, then:
a) The system releases 180.8 kJ of heat.
b) The system absorbs 180.8 kJ of heat.
c) The system absorbs 90.4 kJ of heat.
d) The system releases 90.4 kJ of heat.
4.33. The symbol ΔHof [HNO3 (l)] refers to which one of the following reactions occurring
at 25 °C?
a) HNO3 (l)  H (g) + N2 (g) + O3 (g)
b) 1/2 H2 (g) + 1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 O2 (g)  HNO3 (l)
c) HNO3 (l)  ½ H2 (g) + ½ N2 (g) + 3/2 O2 (g)
 d) H2 (g) + N2 (g) + O3 (g)  2HNO3 (l)
4.34. There are the reactions:
CH4 (g)  C (g) + 4H (g) ΔHo =1656 kJ
HC≡CH (g)  2C (g) + 2H (g) ΔHo =1648 kJ
What is the estimated C≡C bond energy?
a) 802 kJ/mol b) 820 kJ/mol c) 280 kJ/mol d) 208 kJ/mol
4.35. Choose the correct statement. The value of rxn, 298 of a reaction depends on:
1) the stoichiometric coefficients of reaction equation.
2) the temperature at which the reaction occurs.
3) the processes of the reaction
a) 1, 2 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
4.36. A reaction has Hrxn = -15 kJ/mol. Based on this information, it can be concluded that
the reaction at the considerated temperature is as follows:
a) Exothermic b) Fast rate
c) Spontaneous d) At equilibrium
4.37. Choose the correct statement:
a) Hrxn is possitive when the reaction is exothermic.
b) Erxn is negative when the reaction is endothermic.
c) The heat effect of a reaction does not depend on the experimental conditions
(e.g., temperature, pressure), and the states of reactants and products.
d) The heat effect of a reaction measured at constant-pressure conditions is equal
to the enthalpy change while that measured at constant-volume conditions is
equal to the change in internal energy of the system.
4.38. The enthalpy of combustion of solid carbon and CO to form CO2 are -393.7 kJ/mol
and -283.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Calculate ∆H for the reaction:
2C (s) + O2 (g)  2CO (g)
a) –110.4 kJ b) 110.4 kJ c) –220.8 kJ d) 220.8 kJ
4.39. Choose the correct statement. When a chemical system moves from the state I to the
state II by different paths, the enthalpy change of this system has the following
characteristics:
1) It depends on the path taken by the reaction.
2) It does not depend on the path taken by the reaction.
3) It is possible to predict the spontaneous direction of the spontaneous of the reaction
at different temperatures.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 2, 3
4.40. Determine the heat of combustion of methane according to the following reaction:
CH4(g) + 2O2 (g) = CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
If the standard enthalpies of formation of CH4 (g), CO2 (g) and H2O (l) are,
respectively: -74.85, -393.51, and -285.84 ( kJ/mol).
a) –604.5 kJ b) 890.34 kJ c) –890.34 kJ d) 604.5 kJ
4.41. The amount of heat released when burning 3g Mg(s) with O2(g) produces MgO(s) is
76 kJ in standard conditions. The standard enthalpy of formation (kJ/mol) of MgO(s)
is: (Given that MWMg = 24 g/mol)
a) +608 kJ b) +304 kJ c) –608 kJ d) –304 kJ
4.42. Which one of the following equations is enthalpy of reaction equal to enthalpy of
formation for the product?
a) Xe (g) + 2F2 (g) → XeF4 (g)
b) CH4 (g) + 2Cl2 (g) → CH2Cl2 (l) + 2HCl(g)
c) N2 (g) + O3 (g) → N2O3 (g)
d) C (diamond) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
4.43. When 1.000 g of gaseous butane, C4H10, is burned at 25oC and 1.00 atm pressure,
H2O(l) and CO2(g) are formed with the evolution of 49.50 kJ of heat. Calculate the
molar enthalpy of combustion of butane.
a) -2871 kJ/mol b) 2871 kJ/mol
c) -7128 kJ/mol d) 7128 kJ/mol
 Answers for Chapter 4
Question 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10
Answer C B B D A A D B B C
Question 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20
Answer D C C D B C B B A B
Question 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30
Answer D A B D B A C C D A
Question 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40
Answer B C B B B A D C B C
Question 4.41 4.42 4.43
Answer C A A
 Chapter 5. THERMODYNAMICS
5.1. Choose the incorrect statement:
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated as follow:
a) Heat cannot spontaneously transfer from a colder object to a hotter object.
b) Whole of work can be completely converted into heat and whole of heat can also
be converted completely into work.
c) There cannot be a process in which heat taken from an object is successfully
converted without correction.
d) There cannot be a perpetual motion machine of the second kind.
5.2. Choose the correct statement:
a) Entropy change of a system is dependent of the path followed.
b) Entropy is an intensitve property, its value does not depend on the amount of
substance(s).
c) In all natural processes, we always have ∆ Ssys  q/T (sign “=” for reversible
process, and sign “>” for irreversible process).
d) Entropy is the measurement of the amount of of disorder of the particles in a
system. The smaller the amount of disorder of the particles is, the greater the
value of the entropy is.
5.3. Choose the correct statement:
1) The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at zero K or absolute zero is taken to
be zero.
2) At absolute zero, the entropy change in the transformations of perfectly crystalline
substances is zero.
3) In an open system, all spontaneous processes are accompanied by an increase in
entropy over time.
4) The entropy of a substance in the liquid state can be less than its entropy in the solid
state.
 a) 1 b) 1, 2 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 3, 4
5.4. As the temperature of a substance is raised,
a) Its entropy increses.
b) Its entropy decreases.
c) Its entropy is constant.
d) The direction of its entropy change depends on the specific substance.
5.5. Which of the following substances has the greatest molar entropy under equal
conditions?
a) O (g) b) O2 (g) c) O3 (g) d) O2 (l)
5.6. Which of the following substances has the highest entropy under equal conditions?
a) liquid water b) crushed ice c) ice water d) steam
5.7. Which of the following substances has the greatest molar entropy under equal
conditions and in the same phase?
a) NO b) N2O5 c) N2O3 d) NO2
5.8. Entropy change when going from state A to state B by 5 different paths (see diagram)
has the following properties:

a) S is the same for 5 paths.

b) Each path has a different S.
c) S of path 1 is equal to that of path 5, and they are the greatest.
d) S of path 3 is the smallest because it is the shortest path.
5.9. The process of converting solid phase to liquid phase of a subtance has:
a) H < 0, S > 0 b) H > 0, S > 0
 c) H < 0, S < 0 d) H > 0, S < 0
5.10. The reaction 2A (g) + B (l) = 3C (s) + D (g) has:
a) S = 0 b) S > 0 c) S < 0 d) ∆ S  0
5.11. Arrange S of the following reactions in increasing order of value:
N2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2NO (g) (1)
2CH4 (g) = C2H2 (g) + 3H2 (g) (2)
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2SO3 (g) (3)
a) 1, 2, 3 b) 2, 1, 3 c) 3, 1, 2 d) 2, 3, 1
5.12. In the following reactions, the reaction with the greatest S and the one with the
smallest S are, respectively:
N2 (g) + O2 (g) = 2NO (g) (1)
KClO4 (s) = KCl (s) + 2O2 (g) (2)
C2H2 (g) + 2H2 (g) = C2H6 (g) (3)
a) 1, 2 b) 2, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 3, 1
5.13. Determine which of the following processes has S < 0:
a) O2 (g)  2O (g)
b) 2CH4(g) + 3O2(g)  2CO(g) + 4H2O(g)
c) NH4Cl(s)  NH3(g) + HCl(g)
d) N2(g, 25oC,1 atm)  N2 (g, 0oC, 1 atm)
5.14. Choose the correct statement about S1 , S2 and S3 of the following reactions.
H2O (l)  H2O (g) (1) S1
2Cl (g)  Cl2 (g) (2) S2
C2H2 (g) + H2 (g)  C2H4 (g) (3) S3
a) S1 > 0 , S2 < 0 , S3 < 0. b) S1 < 0 , S2 < 0 , S3 > 0.
c) All of S are positive. d) All of S are negative.
5.15. Choose the correct statement(s) about the entropy of the following substances:
1) SoH 2O (l) > SoH 2O (g) 2) SoMgO(s) < SoBaO(s) 3) SoC3H8(g) > SoCH4(g)
4) SoFe(s) < So H2(g) 5) SoCa(s) > SoC3H 8(g) 6) SoS(s) < SoS (l)
 a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 2, 3, 4, 6 c) 2, 3, 6 d) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
5.16. Calculate So (J/mol.K) of the reaction SO2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) = SO3 (g) at 25 oC. Given that
the standard entropy at 25 oC of SO2 (g), O2 (g) and SO3 (g) are 248, 205 and 257
(J/mol.K), respectively.
a) –93.5 b) 93.5 c) 196 d) –196
5.17. Which the following factors are the state functions?
1) Pressure (p) 2) Heat capacity at a constant pressure (c)
3) Heat (q) 4) Entropy (S)
a) 1, 2 & 4 b) 2, 3 & 4 c) 3 & 4 d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
5.18. Choose the correct statement. A reaction under the condition under consideration has
G < 0, then:
a) it occurs completely. b) it occurs spontaneously.
c) it is at equilibrium. d) it does not occur.
5.19. For the reaction: CH3OH(l) + 2O2(g)  2H2O(l) + CO2(g)
The value of ΔGo is - 702.2 kJ at 25oC. Other data are as follows:
ΔHof (kJ/mol) So (J/mol.K)
CH3OH(l) -238.7 126.8
H2O(l) -285.8 70.0
CO2(g) -393.5 213.7
Calculate the absolute entropy, So, per mole of O2(g).
a) 205.4 J/mol.K b) 216.2 J/mol.K
c) 201.5 J/mol.K d) 0 J/mol.K
5.20. The reaction is nonspontaneous at all temperatures if it has:
a)  < 0 and S > 0 b)  > 0 and S > 0
c)  < 0 and S < 0 d)  > 0 and S < 0
5.21. Choose the most adequate answer. The reaction can occur spontaneously in the
following cases:
a)  < 0 and S > 0;  > 0 and S > 0;  > 0 and S < 0
b)  > 0 and S > 0;  < 0 and S < 0;  < 0 and S > 0
 c)  < 0 and S < 0;  > 0 and S > 0;  > 0 and S < 0
d)  > 0 and S < 0;  < 0 and S > 0;  < 0 and S < 0
5.22. Choose the correct statement. The endothermic reaction:
a) cannot occur spontaneously at all temperatures.
b) can occur spontaneously at low temperatures.
c) can occur spontaneously at high temperatures if its entropy change is positive.
d) can occur spontaneously at high temperatures if its entropy change is negative.
5.23. Choose the correct statement(s). Under identified conditions, the strong endothermic
reaction A  B is spontaneous. It can be concluded that:
1) S > 0 and the reaction temperature must be high enough.
2) The reaction B  A at hight temperatures has Grxn > 0.
3) At low temperatures, the reaction B  A is spontaneous and it has S < 0.
a) 1, 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 1, 2, 3
5.24. The reaction 3O2(g)  2O3(g) at standard conditions has H°298 = 284.4 kJ, S°298 = -
139.8 J/mol.K. Given that H and S of a reaction are little variation with the
temperature. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) At high temperatures, the reaction occurs spontaneously.
b) At low temperatures, the reaction occurs spontaneously.
c) The reaction occurs spontaneously at all temperatures.
d) The reaction does not occur spontaneously at all temperatures.
5.25. Choose the correct answer.
For the general reaction aA + bB  cC + dD has °298 < 0.
a) The reaction occurs spontaneously at all temperatures.
b) At high temperature, the direction of the reaction depends on the sign of S.
c) The reaction cannot occur pontaneously at room temperature.
d) The reaction occurs pontaneously only at high temperatures.
5.26. Choose the correct statement. Given that the melting process of ice at atmospheric
pressure and 0 °C has G = 0. Therefore, this process at the same pressure and 383 K
has the sign of G as:
a) G > 0
b) G = 0
c) G < 0
d) Cannot be determined due to the dependence on other factors.
5.27. Choose the correct statement.
Given that the melting process of H2Te at atmospheric pressure and -51 °C has G = 0.
Hence, this process at the same pressure and 200 K has the sign of G as:
a) G > 0
b) G =0
c) G < 0
d) Cannot be determined due to the dependence on other factors.
5.28. Calculate the change in entropy when 1 mol of steam condense to liquid water at 100°C
and 1 atm. Given that the heat of vaporization of water at 100 °C and 1 atm is 549 cal/g.
a) S = -26.5 cal/mol.K b) S = 26.5 cal/mol.K (549 x 18) / ( 100 +273 )

c) S = 1.44 cal/mol.K d) S = -1.44 cal/mol.K

5.29. Choose the correct statement.
The reaction 2Mg(s) + CO2(g) → 2MgO(s) + Cgraphite has a standard heat effect H°298 = -
822.7 kJ. Given that S°298 of Mg(s), CO2(g), MgO(s) and Cgraphite are 33, 214, 27 and 6
(J/mol.K), respectively. In terms of thermodynamics, it can be concluded that:
a) This reaction occurs spontaneously at high temperatures.
b) This reaction occur spontaneously at all temperatures.
c) Temperature has a negligible influence to spontaneous properties of this
reaction.
d) This reaction cannot occur spontaneously at high temperatures.
5.30. Choose the correct statement. A reaction is strong endothermic, then:
a) It cannot occur spontaneously at all temperatures.
b) It is spontaneous at low temperatures.
c) It is spontaneous at high temperatures if its entropy change is positive.
d) It is spontaneous at high temperatures if its entropy change is negative.
5.31. Choose the correct statement(s). A reaction can occur spontaneously when:
1) H < 0 (very negative), S < 0, T (room temp.).
2) H < 0, S > 0.
3) H > 0 (very high), S > 0, T (room temp.).
4) H > 0, S > 0, T (high).
a) 1, 2 b) 1, 2, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 2, 4
5.32. For a particular reaction, ΔH = -32 kJ and ΔS = -98 J/K. Assume that ΔH and ΔS do not
vary with temperature. The reaction will occur spontaneously at temperature:
a) < 327K b) > 327 K c) > 273 K d) < 273 K
5.33. Most reactions which occur at high temperatures have:
a) Entropy change is negative. b) Entropy change is positive.
c) Enthalpy change is negative. d) Enthalpy change is positive.
5.34. Choose the correct statement(s). In terms of thermodynamics:
1) Most reactions can be completely spontaneous when G° < -40 kJ.
2) The reaction does not occur spontaneously in reality when G° > 40 kJ.
3) The reaction does occur spontaneously in reality when G° > 0.
4) Most of the reactions with standard Gibbs free energies in the range -40 kJ < G° < 40
kJ occur spontaneously reversible in reality.
a) 1,2,4 b) 3,4 c) 1,3,4 d) 1,2,3,4
5.35. Choose the incorrect statement.
a) The reaction with G° < 0 can occur spontaneously.
b) The reaction with G° > 0 cannot occur spontaneously.

only true in standard , higher temperature may be wrong

 c) The strongly exothermic reactions usually occur spontaneously at room
temperature.
d) The reaction with both positive enthalpy and entropy changes can occur
spontaneously at high temperatures.
5.36. Choose the incorrect statement.
a) The strongly exothermic reaction can occur spontaneously at room temperature.
b) The strongly endothermic reaction can only occur spontaneously at high
temperatures.
c) The reaction that gives almost no heat but increases entropy can occur
spontaneously at room temperature.
d) The reaction that is strongly endothermic but increases entropy can occur
spontaneously at room temperature.
5.37. To predict that a reaction can occur completely spontaneously at room temperature,
we can rely on the signs of the following parameters:
1) G° < 0 2) G° < -40 kJ 3) H° < 0 with  ΔH° is very high
a) 2 b) 1, 2, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 3
5.38. Choose the incorrect statement. The criterion that can state a thermodynamically
spontaneous reaction is:
a) Ho < 0, So > 0
b) The work done by gases expanding against an external pressure is positive
negative
o
c) G < 0
d) Equilibrium constant K is greater than 1
5.39. The reaction CaCO3 (s)  CaO (s) + CO2 (g) is strongly endothermic. Consider the signs
of ΔHo, So, Go of this reaction at 25 °C.
a) Ho < 0; So < 0 ; Go < 0 b) Ho < 0; So > 0 ; Go > 0
c) Ho > 0; So > 0 ; Go < 0 d) Ho > 0; So > 0 ; Go > 0
5.40. Choose the correct statement. Based on the sign of Go298 of the following reactions:
 PbO2 (s) + Pb (s) = 2PbO (s) Go298< 0
SnO2 (s) + Sn (s) = 2SnO (s) Go298> 0
The more stable positive oxidation states for lead (Pb) and tin (Sn) metals are:
a) Lead (+2), Tin (+2) b) Lead (+4), Tin (+2)
c) Lead (+2), Tin (+4) c) Lead (+4), Tin (+4)
5.41. The reaction H2O2 (l)  H2O (l) + ½ O2 (g) is exothermic, so this reaction has:
a) H < 0; S > 0 ; G > 0 and cannot occur spontaneously at room temperature.
b) H < 0; S > 0 ; G < 0 and can occur spontaneously at room temperature.
c) H > 0; S < 0 ; G < 0 and can occur spontaneously at room temperature.
d) H > 0; S > 0 ; G > 0 and cannot occur spontaneously at room temperature.
5.42. Given the following data:
ΔGof (kJ/mol) ΔHof (kJ/mol)
C2F2 (g) 191.2 241.3
C6F6 (g) 78.2 132.8
Calculate ΔSo at 298 K of the following reaction: 3C2F2 (g) ⇌ C6F6 (g)
a) 321.1 J/K b) -321.1 J/K c) -154.2 J/K d) 275 J/K
5.43. Choose the incorrect statement:
1) It can be concluded immediately that the reaction does not occur spontaneously
when Go of this reaction is greater than 0.
2) It can be concluded immediately that the reaction is nonspontaneous when G of the
reaction is greater than 0 under the considerated conditions.
3) A spontaneous system always increases entropy.
4) Only reactions with Gorxn < 0 occur spontaneously in reality.
a) 1, 3, 4 b) 1, 3 c) 1, 4 d) 3

Answers for Chapter 5

Question 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10
Answer B C B A C D B A B C
Question 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20
Answer C C D A B A A B A D
Question 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30
Answer B C D D B C A A B C
Question 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40
Answer C A B A B D C B D C
Question 5.41 5.42 5.43
Answer B B A