CLB

MYCOLOGY MCQS

A. Fungi and Fungal Infections

1) All the following are different types of medically
important fungal infections except?
a) Aspergillosis
b)Dermatophytosis
c) Mucormycosis
d) Toxoplasmosis

2) Which of the following is Not a common cultural

characteristics of fungi?
a) They are heterotypic eukaryotic microorganisms
b) The cell wall is composed of chitin
c) Fungi reproduce asexually only
d) Can cause superficial and systemic diseases

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3) Which of the following dimorphic fungus is a
medically important human pathogen that can
cause severe respiratory infections?
a) Cryptococcus neoformans
b) Histoplasma capsulatum
c) Mucor racemosus
d) Aspergillus niger

4) Various components of fungi that contribute to

the laboratory identification and detection of the
organism, include the following features of the
fungal cell wall except
a) Hyphae/ mycelia
b) Consists of a stalk/stem
c) Consists of a fruiting body with spores
d) Consists of the capsule enzyme
5) Which structural feature is more complex in
Aspergillus compared to Penicillium?
a. Conidial heads
b. Conidiophores
c. Hyphae branching pattern
d. Mycelium

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6) Which of the following statements are true
regarding Dermatophytosis?
a) The most commonly occurring fungal infection in
humans
b) Only dimorphic fungi cause dermatophytosis
c) Skin infections that are known as tinea and
ringworms
d) The most common cause of lung infections
e) a and c

7) A 57 year old male visits a healthcare center. He

has a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for the past
10 years, managed with oral hypoglycemic agents.
The patient presents to the clinic with complaints of
persistent itching, redness, and discomfort in the
groin area for the past two weeks. He mentions that
the symptoms have been gradually worsening, and
over-the-counter antifungal creams have provided
only temporary relief.
Upon examination, Erythematous rash with well-
defined borders, satellite lesions, and small pustules
in the groin area. The skin appears macerated and
has a slightly raised, scaly edge. Blood glucose levels

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are elevated (random blood sugar: 240 mg/dL). No
fever is noted.
Given the symptoms and the appearance of the
rash, the clinician suspects a fungal infection,
particularly a dermatophyte infection.
What is the likely diagnosis for the patient's skin
condition?
a) Eczema
b) Impetigo
c) Psoriasis
d) Tinea cruris (jock itch)

8) All of the following are the common staining

methods that are used in the direct microscopic
examination for the diagnosis of fungal pathogens,
EXCEPT?
a) India Ink stain
b) Silver stain
c) Lactophenol cotton blue stain
d) Leishman’s stain
e) Potassium hydroxide
f) Methenamine silver stain

9) What color does the fungal cell wall appear when

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dyed with Periodic acid-Schiff stain?
a) Black
b) Red
c) It appears colorless
d) Violet

10) Which of the following fungi is commonly found

in moldy foods that produces the mycotoxin called
aflatoxin?
a) Aspergillus flavus
b)Coccidioides immitis
c) Mucor
d) Stachybotrys chartarum

11) What is a characteristic of both Aspergillus and

Penicillium mycelium?
a. Aseptate
b. Branched with conidiophores
c. Coenocytic
d. Septate

12) Which of the following is the most correct

statement regarding the Deuteromycetes also
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known as fungi imperfecti?
a) They are the causative agent of subcutaneous
mycoses
b) The sexual reproduction method is not clearly
known
c) They produce basidiospores through the asexual
reproduction method
d) None of the above

13) The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is most

commonly used in the production of which of the
following product?
a) Wine
b) Orange juice
c) Cheese
d) Sausages

14) Which of the following antifungal medicine is

most effective for the treatment of rashes in
athlete's foot or ringworm fungal infection?
a) Optochin
b) Bacitracin and Zinc
c) Clotrimazole
d) Tobramycin
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15) What are the most common laboratory culture
media for fungi?
a) Sabouraud dextrose agar
b) Brain heart infusion agar
c) Thayer Martin medium
d) Cornmeal agar
e) a and b

16) Which of the following dermatophyte genus is

capable of invading the hair, skin, and nails?
a) Candida
b) Epidermophyton
c) Microsporum
d) Trichophyton

17) One of the routine microscopic laboratory

identification methods of the fungal specimens is
done by using..........
a) 70% KOH mount
b) 50% H2O2
c) 10% KOH
d) Formalin

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18) Which of the following is a medically important
fungus that is identified as a mold and contains
conidiophores when examined under the
microscope?
a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b) Rhizopus stolonifer
c) Candida tropicalis
d) Aspergillus fumigatus

19) All of the following are common pathogens that

are naturally found in soil, Except?
a) Candida albicans
b) Coccidiodes immitis
c) Sporothrix schenckii
d) Cryptococcus neoformans

20) Which of the following clinically important black

color fungus can grow in the indoor environment,
usually in buildings and houses that have water
leakage problems?
a) Penicillin spp
b) Aspergillus spp
c) Saccharomyces spp
d) Stachybotrys spp
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21)What is a characteristic feature of a fungus ball
caused by Aspergillus in the external auditory
canal?
a) Allergic reactions
b) Mycotic keratitis
c) Pulmonary nodules
d) Rapid dissemination

22) Which of the following is a common habitat for

Mucorales fungi?
a) Arctic ice caps
b) Deep-sea hydrothermal vents
c) Soil and decaying organic matter
d) Human skin

23) In the 1920s, Sir Alexander Fleming successfully

identified an antibiotic derived from which of the
following mold?
a) Aspergillus spp
b) Fusarium spp
c) Mucor spp
d) Penicillium spp

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24) Talaromyces marneffei, previously
called Penicillium marneffei is
a) A common yeast pathogen in diabetic patients
b) A common pathogen only found in India
c)An important dimorphic fungus that commonly
infects AIDS patients
d) A medically important mold that infects animals
only

B. Superficial and Cutaneous

Fungal Infections
1. All of the following are examples of common
superficial mycoses, EXCEPT?
a) Aspergillosis
b) Candidiasis
c) Tinea versicolor
d) Tinea nigra
2. Which of the following statement regarding Tinea
nigra infection is NOT correct?
a) Most prevalent in the tropical and subtropical
region
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b) Symptoms include pigmented macules on palm
and soles
c) Trycophyton spp is the causative fungi
d) Common specimen is skin scrapings

3. The fungi Trichosporon commonly causes

superficial infection of hair also called white
piedra. Which of the following species
of Trichosporon causes scalp hair white piedra?

a) T. ovoides
b) T. inkin
c) T. asahii
d) None of the above

4. All of the following are the characteristics of

cutaneous mycoses, EXCEPT?
a) The infection of hair, skin, and nails
b) The common cause of ringworm in humans only
c) Candida spp is associated with the infection
d) The keratinized layer of the skin is prone to the
infection

5. A 26-year-old man develops itchy, white flaky,

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and stingy patches with circle or ring like
appearances in between the toe webs and nails of
the feet, the infection is characterized by
inflammation and skin fissures.
Which of the following is the possible etiological
agent?
a) Microsporum canis
b) Trichophyton rubrum
c) Trichophyton equinum
d) Trichophyton tonsurans

6. Which of the following causative agent is

associated with Athlete's Foot (Tinea pedis)?
a) Epidermophyton
b) Malassezia furfur
c) Microsporum
d) Trichophyton

7. A 2-year-old girl develops a rash with raised

borders on her face and arms and the source of
infection is found to be the pet cat who has the
same type of rash on its skin.
Which of the following fungi could be the common
cause of infection?
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a) Trichophyton rubrum
b) Trichophyton tonsurans
c) Microsporum canis
d) Candida albicans

8) Which type of infection is characterized by

circular, red, scaly lesions on non-hairy skin
surfaces?
a) Tinea capitis
b) Tinea corporis
c) Tinea cruris
d) Tinea pedis

9) What is the most simple, easy and reliable

laboratory method for the isolation of Trichophyton
rubrum?
a) Blood culture
b) Serological methods
c) Skin scrapings microscopic examination using
KOH
d) Urease test

10) Which of the following dermatophytes does

NOT have the spore form characteristic called
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Microconidia?
a) Microsporum spp
b) Epidermaphyton spp
c) Trichophyton spp
d) Blastomyces spp

11) Which of the following is the correct lesion

characteristics of Pityriasis Versicolor?

a) Hypopigmented and hyperpigmented round and

smooth maculae on the skin
b) Hypopigmented and Hyperpigmented irregular
scaled maculae on the skin
c) Yellow pigmented patches around fingernails
d) White pigmented patches around the neck and
face

12. A 5-year-old kindergartener boy developed a

scaling of the scalp with hair fall. After routine
fungal examination, ringworm infection of the scalp
was confirmed.
Which of the following is the possible pathogen?
a) Trichophyton tonsurans ( common in children)
b) Epidermophyton flocossum
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c) Trichophyton rubrum (common in adult)
d) Aspergillus terreus

13. What is the most correct name for the fungal

infection of the scalp?
a) Tinea pedis
b) Tinea nigra
c) Tinea capitis
d) Tinea barbae

14. All of the following are common dermatophytes

responsible for the nails infection in
humans, EXCEPT?
a) Epidermophyton flocossum
b) Trichophyton rubrum
c) Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex
d) Microsporum canis

15. Which of the following is the most common and

effective method used for the early treatment and
control of localized infection by dermatophytes that
do not involve hair and nails?
a) Use of topical ointments such as azole
b) Surgery
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c) Intravenous injection with antifungal drugs
d) All of the above

16. What is a notable microscopic difference

between ectothrix and endothrix patterns in
dermatophyte infections?
a) Absence of fungal elements in the hair shaft
b) Formation of spore chains
c) Invasion of hair follicles
d) Presence of conidia on the hair surface

17. What is the common term for a fungal infection

of the nails?
a) Candidiasis
b) Onychomycosis
c) Tinea cruris
d) Tinea versicolor

18. Which of the following fungal species is

associated with Pityriasis (Tinea) Rosea?
a) Candida albicans
b) Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
c) Malassezia furfur
d) Trichophyton tonsurans
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19. What is the common clinical presentation
associated with Epidermophyton floccosum,the only
member of the genus Epidermophyton spp ?
a) Onychomycosis
b) Tinea corporis
c) Tinea cruris and tinea pedis
d) Tinea capitis

20. What is a key microscopic feature useful for

differentiating Epidermophyton floccosum from
Trichophyton spp.?
a) Absence of microconidia
b) Multinucleated conidia
c) Presence of spiral hyphae
d) Thick-walled macroconidia

21. How does the macroconidia morphology of E.

floccosum differ from that of Microsporum spp.?
a) Club-shaped, irregular
b) Rough, thick-walled
c) Spiral, multiseptate
d) Smooth, thin-walled

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22. How is Microsporum audouinii (cause of tinea
capitis) primarily spread among humans?
a) Airborne conidia
b) Contact with infected animals
c) Direct contact with infected hairs on fomites
d) Soil contact

23. What is a characteristic feature

of Microsporum canis colonies on culture?
a) Cottony and green with a lemon-yellow fringe
b) Granular or fluffy with a feathery border
c) Powdery and orange with a reddish-brown center
d) Velvety and buff with a white fringe

B. Subcutaneous Mycoses

1) A 35-year-old man residing in Mexico comes to

the hospital with an ulcerative lesion on his left
thumb and has been suffering for 2 weeks. He got a
cut while taking care of the plants in his garden, in
the first week the lesion did not grow or spread but
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it extended to the forearm and pain increased in
the second week.
A sample was taken from the infected site and was
cultured for fungal examination, cream-colored
colony appeared within 3 days. The colony
appeared brown after few days and after a week of
incubation it transformed into a black and fuzzy
appearance.

Which of the following is the likely pathogen?

a) Epidermophyton flocussum
b) Tinea versicolor
c) Sporothrix schenckii
d) Basidiobolus ranarum

2) Which of the following are NOT the cultural

characteristics of fungus causing subcutaneous
mycoses?
a) Classification Includes dimorphic fungi
b) The infections are caused by saprophytic fungi
c) It usually occurs in tropical regions
d) Majority of fungi causes superficial skin
infections

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3) Which is the other likely pathogen that mimics
the skin lesions same as Sporothrix schenckii when
observed under the microscope?
a) Rickettsia spp
b) Nocardia spp
c) Aspergillus
d) None of the above

4) All of the following statements are true about

dematiaceous fungi, EXCEPT?
a) They have dark pigments in their cell wall
b) Induce a granulomatous reaction
c) Formation of conidia in cultures
d) Reproduces by sexual process

5) All of the following organisms cause

Chromoblastomycosis, EXCEPT?
a) Phialophora verrucosa
b) Fonsecaea compacta
c) Fonsecaea pedrosoi
d) Exophilia dermatidis

6) Which of the following is the most correct

statement about eumycotic mycetoma?
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a) It is characterized by infectious granulomas and
abscesses
b) The disease is more frequent in colder regions
c) It spreads from one person to another very easily
d) The mycoses are usually superficial

7) What are the primary sites of invasion in

eumycotic mycetoma?
a) Neck and face
b) Hair shafts
c) Legs and hands
d) Chest and back

8) Which of the following is the main etiological

agent for mycoses of foot mostly occurring in the
Indian subcontinent and the middle east?
a) Sporothrix schenckii
b) Phialophora verrucosa
c) Conidiobolus coronatus
d) Madurella mycetomatis

9) Which of the following is the most common likely

pathogen that causes actinomycotic mycetoma?
a) Madurella spp
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b) Nocardia spp
c) Exophiala spp
d) Fusarium spp

10) All are common and major subcutaneous

mycoses except?
a) Mycetoma
b) Toxoplasmosis
c) Sporotrichosis
d) Chromoblastomycosis
e) Histoplasmosis
f) Lobomycosis

11) Which of the following statement is true about

the treatment of eumycotic mycetoma?
a) Administration of itraconazole and potassium
iodide solution is effective
b) Surgery or amputation is the choice of
treatment in most cases
c) Amphotericin B and Ketoconazole are the drugs
of choice
d) None of the above

12) Which of the following fungus have been found

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in chromoblastomycosis infection mainly prevalent
in the American continent?
a) Madurella mycetomatis
b) Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
c) Exophilia jeanselmei
d) Fonsecaea compacta

13) Which fungus is responsible for the

subcutaneous mycotic infections of the nasal cavity
and face?
a) Histoplasma capsulatum
b) Basidiobolus ranarum
c) Blastomyces dermatitidis
d) Conidiobolus corronatus

14) Which of the following is the drug of choice for

sporotrichosis?
a) Itraconazole
b) Amphotericin B
c) Ketoconazole
d) Posaconazole

15) What is the type of lesions mostly seen in

chromoblastomycosis?
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a) Abscesses with granulomas
b) Painless lesions having a cyst
c) Dark pigmented wart-like skin lesions
d) All of the above

16) A 14-year-old boy is brought to the hospital due

to swelling in the upper portion of his left thigh
persisting for the last six months. The boy has not
exhibited specific symptoms such as fever, and
there is no reported pain in the swollen area during
the physical examination.

A tissue sample was procured for laboratory

examination. In the fungal staining method, broad
aseptate hyphae were detected under the
microscope. Subsequently, a fungal culture method
was employed, resulting in the appearance of waxy,
yellow, and round colonies after a few days of
incubation.
Which of the following could be the possible fungi?
a) Rhinosporidium spp
b) Basidiobolus spp
c) Aspergillus spp
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d) Rhizopus spp

17) Which of the following statements is Not

correct regarding chromoblastomycosis?
a) It is the disease condition caused by
dematiaceous fungi
b) People working with soil, usually in rural areas
can develop the disease
c) Immunocompromised patients are at higher risk
d) Microscopic examination of the tissues show the
"sclerotic bodies"
e) Microscopic examination of the tissues show the
"asteroid bodies"
f) A granulomatous fungal infection of cutaneous
and subcutaneous tissues

18) All of the following fungi are the common cause

of mycotic mycetoma, Except?
a) Nocardia brasiliensis
b) Fusarium solani
c) Actinomadura madurae
d) Mycoplasma hominis
e) Nocardia asteroides
f) Madurella mycetomatis
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 C. Systemic Mycoses

1) All of the following are the characteristics of

systemic mycoses/deep mycosis, EXCEPT?
a) Most of the dimorphic fungi cause the infection
b) Pathogenesis mostly occurs due to the inhalation
of spores
c) Opportunistic fungal infections are the only
example of deep mycosis
d) Aspergillosis and Mucormycoses are the systemic
mycoses

2) Which of the following systemic mycoses is often

associated with skin and bone lesions and is more
common in male patients?
a) Blastomycosis
b) Coccidioidomycosis
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c) Cryptococcosis
d) Histoplasmosis
3) Coccidioidomycosis has the lesions the same as
that of the lesion caused by which of the following
bacterial infection?
a) Sporotrichosis
b) Brucellosis
c) Syphilis
d) Small pox
4) Which of the following statement is true for the
microscopic characteristics of Coccidioides spp
taken from sputum or tissue sample?
a) Identification of budding yeast with its
pseudohyphae
b) The detection of spherules with endospores in
sputum or tissue
c) The saprophytic phase is observed as septate
mycelium with pyriform conidia
d) Tuberculate microconidia are observed in culture
5) What is the other name for coccidioidomycosis?
a) Yellow fever
b) San Joaquin Valley fever
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c) Rocky mountain fever
d) Relapsing fever

6) A farmer residing in the Midwest of America

developed flu-like symptoms with fever, headache,
muscle pain, and cough for a week. Swabs
specimens and the sputum sample were taken,
radiography examination was also performed which
showed diffused bilateral pneumonia. After a week
of culture, white mold colonies were observed with
large and small conidia.
Name the possible pathogen responsible for this
type of infection?
a) Coccidioidomycosis
b) Sporotrichosis
c) Histoplasmosis
d) Blastomycosis

7) What is the most common zoonotic source for

the transfer of histoplasmosis to humans?
a) Birds
b) Cats
c) Cows
d) Pigs
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8) What is the primary route of infection for most
systemic mycoses?
a) Direct contact with infected individuals
b) Ingestion of contaminated food
c) Inhalation of fungal spores
d) Skin contact with contaminated soil

9) All of the following statements are true

about Histoplasmosis duboisii, EXCEPT?
a) Mostly affects the skin and bone
b) This type of infection is confined to African
regions
c) The usual entry of pathogen is through the skin
abrasions
d) Acquired by inhalation of the fungal spores

10) Which of the following animal is most

susceptible to Blastomycoses?
a) Dogs
b) Pigs
c) Hens
d) Pigeons

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11) Which fungal pathogen, when cultured from a
sputum specimen, exhibits mold growth
characterized by the presence of tuberculate
macroconidia and oval microconidia in the
laboratory culture media?
a) Blastomyces dermatitidis
b) Coccidioides immitis
c) Histoplasma capsulatum
d) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

12) Which of the following pathogen causes the

fungal infection known as South American
Blastomycosis?
a) Histoplasma duboisii
b) Blastomyces dermatitidis
c) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
d) Coccidioides immitis

13) Which of the following fungi is a common

opportunistic pathogen that can cause meningitis in
HIV infected patients?
a) Rickettsia spp
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b) Mucor spp
c) Candida spp
d) Cryptococcus spp
e) Penicillium spp

14) Which of the following pathogen is found in soil

with high nitrogen content?
a) Histoplasma capsulatum
b) Blastomyces dermatitidis
c) Aspergillus niger
d) Coccidioides immitis

15) Which type of fungal spores is produced

by Coccidioides immitis?
a) Macroconidia
b) Arthroconidia
c) Chlamydospores
d) Sporangia

16) Which of the following is Not the common

specimen taken for the diagnosis of Cryptococcus
spp?
a) Urine
b) Sputum
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c) Skin tissues
d) Cerebrospinal fluid
e) Blood

17) All of the following fungi are important part of

the medical mycology that causes systemic
infection, Except?
a) Aspergillus spp
b) Candida spp
c) Mucor spp
d) Penicillium spp
e) Rhizopus spp

18) In 1992, a large number of individuals in the

western USA experienced symptoms resembling the
flu or pneumonia. It was determined that fungal
spores, found in soil and air, were responsible for
the outbreak. The infection was coined 'valley
fever.' What could be the potential fungal pathogen
causing this infection?
a) Aspergillus niger
b) Blastomyces dermatitidis
c) Coccidioides immitis
d) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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19) The combination of Christensen's urea agar is
useful in the isolation and identification of which of
the following fungi?
a) Cryptococcus spp
b) Histoplasma spp and Blastomyces spp
c) Malassezia furfur
d) Penicillium spp and Candida spp

20) Which of the following fungal infection is most

common in dogs?
a) Coccidioidomycosis
b) Blastomycosis
c) Histoplasmosis
d) Sporotrichosis

21) All the following fungi cause systemic fungal

infections and are dimorphic except?
a) Blastomyces spp
b) Coccidioides spp
c) Histoplasma spp
d) Cryptococcus spp

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22) Zygomycosis/ Mucormycosis is a systemic
mycosis most often seen in which of the following
patients?
a) Arthritis patient
b) Diabetic patient
c) High blood pressure patient
d) Migraine patient

23) The following systemic infection fungi typically

affects the respiratory system, but rare
disseminated form may be seen
in immunocompromised individuals and patients
may experience second-line prophylaxis that
includes hepatosplenomegaly and thyroid, ocular,
ear, or skin lesions.
Name the pathogen?
a) Actinomyces israelii
b) Candida spp
c) Microsporum spp
d) Pneumocystis jirovecii

24) Which of the following is correct statement

regarding histopathology?

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a) Isolation and detection of fungi from sputum or
other respiratory secretions.
b) Isolation and detection of fungi in cerebrospinal
fluid
c) Examination of stained tissue sections under a
microscope for the identification fungal elements
in the tissues
d) Examination and identification of the
characteristics of fungal infections by using X-rays,
CT scans, or MRI

25) Which of the following antimicrobial agent is

commonly added for the proper isolation of fungi in
blood culture media?
a) Chloramphenicol
b) Ethyl alcohol
c) Phenols
d) Sodium chloride

26. A 52 year old male residing in Delhi, India visits

the hospital with a history of persistent fever,
cough, and shortness of breath for the past two
months.

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Two months ago, the man developed a low-grade
fever, which was initially attributed to a viral
infection. He was prescribed antibiotics for the
persistence of fever and cough, but his symptoms
did not improve. He now experiences significant
fatigue, cough with yellowish sputum, and
occasional night sweats. He has also noticed a
gradual weight loss of approximately 5 kg over the
past one month, and appears chronically ill,
cachectic, and fatigued.
Physical examination is done by the clinician,
temperature is 101.2°F (38.4°C), and oxygen
saturation is 92% on room air.
Respiratory examination reveals decreased breath
sounds in the lower lung. Chest X-ray shows
bilateral diffuse infiltrates and multiple nodular
opacities, Hemoglobin is 10.2 g/dL (mild anemia).
Sputum sample is taken, shows no growth on
culture media for bacteria. HIV test is negative.
BAL fluid analysis reveals a significant increase in
lymphocytes and elevated levels of beta-D-glucan.
Fungal cultures of BAL fluid are positive, small,
white to beige, and waxy colonies appear on agar.

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Chest CT Scan shows bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
with multiple nodular lesions and mediastinal
lymphadenopathy.
Based on the clinical presentation and laboratory
findings, the man is diagnosed with which of the
following systemic mycoses?
a) Candidiasis
b) Disseminated histoplasmosis
c) Giardiasis
d) Toxoplasmosis

27. Which antifungal medication is often the

treatment of choice for severe systemic mycoses?
a) Amphotericin B
b) Acyclovir
c) Ciprofloxacin
d) Penicillin

28. Which of the following systemic mycoses is

primarily associated with exposure to contaminated
water sources?
a) Blastomycosis
b) Coccidioidomycosis
c) Histoplasmosis
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d) Paracoccidioidomycosis

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