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English
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Writing Paragraphs Showing Comparison and Contrast

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Teresa Calayag
Editor: Anna Lee A. Lampa
Reviewer: June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Illustrator: Ana Marie I. Santos
Layout Artist: Froilan Isip
Management Team: SDS Zenia G. Mostoles, EdD, CESO V
ASDS Leonardo C. Canlas, EdD, CESE
ASDS Rowena T. Quiambao, CESE
CID Chief, Celia R. Lacanlale, PhD
SGOD Chief, Arceli S. Lopez, PhD
June D. Cunanan, EPS-I, English
Ruby M. Jimenez, EPS-I, LRMDS

Published by the Department of Education, Schools Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando,
Pampanga
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
E-mail Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 5 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing
Paragraphs Comparison-and-Contrast relationship!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the English Grade 5 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Writing
Paragraphs Showing – Comparison-and-Contrast relationship!

Decision making is very important in this skill. It is an effective tool in deeper understanding
of certain things. Learner will be able to develop higher order thinking skills because he will
investigate the similarities and differences of certain person, animals, things, ideas or even
events. Out of his findings, he will write simple paragraphs following certain patterns.
Compare/ Contrast A and B in terms of 1st difference. Compare/Contrast A and B in terms of
2nd difference. Compare/Contrast in terms of 3rd difference.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

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 What I Need to Know

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to write paragraphs
showing comparison and contrast.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their
experiences so that there will be collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the
value of honesty while answering this module.
For the learner

Many things happen around us. In every event, there is always a reason
behind. For every action, there is a result or outcome.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. identify passages showing comparison and contrast;
2. write a paragraph showing-comparison-and contrast relationship; and
3. use graphic organizer in writing comparison-and-contrast paragraph.

What I Know

Read and analyze the following paragraphs. Then answer the questions that
follow. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Both Superman and Batman are heroes, but only one is truly a superhero,
and taking into account their upbringing, motives, and criminal targets, that is
Batman. Upbringing was not gentle for either. Superman came from Krypton, a
planet that was about to self-destruct. His parents sent him as a baby on a
spaceship to Earth. There he would be adopted by an ordinary farm family. His
adoptive parents named him Clark Kent and reared him well.

In the same generation, far away in Gotham, Bruce Wayne, the future
Batman, was born to a contented, wealthy family. Tragically, his parents were killed
in his presence during a mugging. He inherited the family wealth and was raised by
his kindly butler.
Those very different backgrounds provided Superman and Batman with
powerful but different motives for fighting crime. Superman was programmed in his
space capsule to know about the forces of good and evil on Earth and to fight the
bad people. Unlike Superman, Batman learned from experience. Both have gone on
to fight many bad people, but each one has a special enemy. For Superman, it is Lex

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Luthor, who has studied Superman and knows all about him, even his outstanding
weakness—the mineral Kryptonite. For Batman, it is the Joker, who, as a wicked
teenager, was the mugger-murderer of his parents.
Many spectacular battles have ensued for both crime fighters, and one has
reached the top in his profession. Superman offers overwhelming physical strength
against crime, but Batman displays cunning and base passion. As he strikes fear in
the hearts of the wicked, he’s not just winning; he is getting even. Most people would
cheer Superman on. However, they would identify more with Batman, and he is the
superhero. - (From: Brandon & Brandon, 2011: 282-283)
1. What is the passage all about?
______________________________________________________________
2. How did the writer develop the paragraphs?
______________________________________________________________
3. What is the topic sentence?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Which sentence/s support the main idea? List down at least two (2).
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. What words were used to show comparison and contrast? List down at least
three (3).
_______________. _______________, _______________

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Lesson
Writing Paragraphs Showing Comparison
1 and Contrast

Comparing is citing the similarities and contrasting is citing the differences.

Organizing information will help you think more clearly and express ideas more
effectively to be able to write paragraphs.

What’s In
Read and analyze the passage below developed through cause-and-effect
relationship. Then answer the questions that follow by filling in the given graphic
organizer with the missing details. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Some flamingos are pink. Not all flamingos are pink. The pink color comes
from their diet. Flamingos that eat lots of shrimp will be pink. Flamingos that
eat lots of algae will be pale or white.

Cause Effect
Flamingos eat lots of shrimps.
Flamingos eat lots of algae.

2. Cotton candy is made from sugar. Its natural color is white. The color is
added. "Boo Blue" is used to make blue cotton candy. "Silly Nilly" is added to
make pink cotton candy, which has a vanilla flavor.

Cause Effect
The cotton candy turns blue
―Silly Nilly‖ is added to the mix.

3. Did you know that your tongue is a muscle? It is. And it's the only muscle you have
that's covered in saliva and taste buds. Having taste buds stops you from eating
rotten food. Having saliva protects you from some germs and bacteria. Gross, but
helpful.

Cause Effect
You have taste buds.

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 Notes to the Teacher
The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in the
development of this competency including the schema or background
knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module will help the
learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery of the lesson in its
spiral progression.

What’s New
Let’s study the Venn diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

1. What are described in the diagram?

2. How are oranges described in the diagram?
3. How are apples described?
4. How are the two fruits similar?
5. Which do you like more?

What Is It
Discussion
Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in
writing discusses elements that are different. A compare-and-contrast paragraph,
then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both.

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 The compare-and-contrast paragraph starts with a logical statement that
clearly tells about the two subjects that are to be compared, contrasted, or both and
the reason for doing so. The statement could lean more toward comparing,
contrasting, or both. Remember, the point of comparing and contrasting is to provide
useful knowledge to the reader. Take the following statement as an example that
leans more toward comparing.

Example: Fruits are everywhere and two of the most loved of them by
kids are oranges and apples.

Here, the statement sets up the two subjects to be compared and contrasted
(oranges and apples), and it makes an information that might prove interesting to the
reader.
Below is an example of a logical statement leaning toward contrasting.

Example: Though both oranges and apples are very popular among
children, apples are more attractive to them.

The statement presents the two subjects to be compared and contrasted but
shows great preference over the orange than the apple.

You may organize compare-and-contrast essays in one of the following two

ways:
1. According to the subjects themselves, discussing one then the other
2. According to individual points, discussing each subject in relation to each
point.

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 The table below can provide you some cue words that can be helpful to you in
writing your paragraph.

Comparison Contrast
one similarity one difference
another similarity another difference
both conversely
like In contrast
likewise unlike
similarly while
in a similar fashion whereas

How do you write a paragraph showing comparison and contrast? First

choose whether you want to compare seemingly disparate subjects, contrast
seemingly similar subjects, or compare and contrast subjects. Once you have
decided on a topic, introduce it with an engaging opening paragraph. Your logical
statement should come at the end of the introduction, and it should establish the
subjects you will compare, contrast, or both as well as state what can be learned
from doing so.

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 The body of the essay can be organized in one of two ways: by subject or by
individual points. The organizing strategy that you choose will depend on, as always,
your audience and your purpose. You may also consider your particular approach to
the subjects as well as the nature of the subjects themselves; some subjects might
better lend themselves to one structure or the other. Make sure to use comparison
and contrast phrases to cue the reader to the ways in which you are analyzing the
relationship between the subjects.

After you finish analyzing the subjects, write a conclusion that summarizes the
main points of the essay and reinforces your logical statement.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Give the similarities and differences between city life and province life. Use
Venn Diagram

City Life Province Life

Independent Assessment 1

Using your own observation and analysis compare your mother and your
teacher how they are alike and different in terms of characteristics. Do this on a
piece of paper.

Character 1: Character 2

How are they alike?

Which character are you like? Why?

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How are the characters different?
Character 1: Character 2:

Independent Activity 2
Construct a paragraph using comparison and contrast with the information below.
Write your paragraph on your answer sheet.
BASKETBALL FOOTBALL

 Team sport  Team sport

 Official games are played
indoors
 Each team has 5 players on the
court
 Players use their hands to
dribble the ball
 Players pass the ball to their
teammates to help move the
ball down the court
 Team score points by getting
the ball in the basket
 Added as an Olympic score in
1936
 Games can be played inside
and outside
 Each team has 11 players on
the field at a time
 Players pass the ball to their
teammates to help move the
ball down the field
 Team can score points by
getting the ball in the other
team’s end zone for a touch
down
 Touchdown are not the only
way teams can earn points
 Not an Olympic sport

Independent Assessment 2

A. Complete the Venn diagram by providing the similarities and differences of a

cat and a dog.

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 B. Using the information you listed above, write an essay or paragraph showing
comparison and contrast.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Recall what you have learned in this module by answering the following questions.
Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. What do you call a relationship that describes something that similarities and
differences?
_____________________________________________________________
2. What is comparison?
_____________________________________________________________
3. What is contrast?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What linking words can be used to show comparison?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What connecting words can be used to show contrast?
_____________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Using the information listed below, write an essay or paragraph showing comparison
and contrast. Write your answer on a piece of paper.

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 Assessment
Look at the pictures below. Write an essay or paragraph showing comparison and
contrast about modular learning and face-to-face instruction. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Topic Very well developed Writer has a clear Topic sentence The topic sentence
Sentence topic sentence. It beginning. Topic introduces the does not introduce a
engages the reader sentence creates subject for subject for
and creates interest. It interest and is fairly comparison or comparison or
covers the writer's point well developed. But contrast, but it either contrast, or it may not
for the comparison or while it covers the does not give be a complete
the contrast. subject, accurate and sentence
it is not very complete
engaging. information.
Supporting Details in the Details are clear There are details, Details are either
paragraph are clear and specific, but but they are not wrong or lacking. The
Details
and specific, and there they do not vividly clear, specific, and details do not fit the
are enough details to support the writer's vivid. writer's point for the
create vivid images for point for the comparison/contrast.
a thorough comparison comparison/contrast
or contrast. .
Organization/ The details are in a Most of the details The details are in a No discernible
Structure clear order and the are in a clear order discernible order, organization. Details
author sticks to one and the author but the author does are either missing or
pattern: subject-by- sticks to one not stick to one not in any discernible
subject or point-by pattern. pattern in the order.
point. paragraph.
Style: Writing is smooth, Writing is clear and Writing is clear, but Writing is confusing
sentence skillfull, and coherent. sentences have sentences may lack and hard to follow.
flow, tone, Consistent and varied structure. variety. The tone is Contains fragments
appropriate tone and There is consistent inconsistent and and/or run-on
word choice is used tone and word word choice, while sentences. The tone
throughout the choice is adequate, could be and purpose is
paragraph. . appropriate. better. inconsistent and
difficult to determine.
Grammar No more than one error 2-3 errors in 4-5 errors in Distracting and more
and Spelling in grammar and grammar and grammar and than 5 errors in gram
spelling. spelling but they do spelling that while
not detract from the distracting, the
overall meaning and meaning and intent
effectiveness of the of the paragraph
paragraph. can still be
discerned.

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 Additional Activities

Show comparison and contrast between girls’ and boys’ interests. Fill in the following
graphic organizer. Do this on your answer sheet.

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 Answer Key

Answer may vary Answer may vary

Additional Activity Independent Assessment 2
Answer may vary Answer may vary
Answer may vary
Assessment Independent Activity 2
What’s New
Answer may vary Answer may vary
Answer may vary
What I Can Do Independent Assessment 1
What’s In
Answers may vary Answers may vary
Independent Activity 1 Answers may vary
What I Have Learned What's More What's I Know

References
Comparison and contrast rubric.
https://www.readwritethink.org/sites/default/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson275/compco
n_rubric.pdf

Compare/Contrast Mixtures and Compounds Paragraph scoring

rubric.https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=true&code=Z544B5

How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay | Essay Tigers. https://www.essaytigers.com/how-write-

compare-and-contrast-essay

https://worksheetland.com/worksheets/reading/text-structure/cause-and-effect-worksheet/

https://www.nicepng.com/maxp/u2q8a9w7r5q8w7u2/

Paragraph of Comparison and Contrast. https://myreadwritebooster.wordpress.com/writing-3/2-

paragraph-writing/10-paragraph-of-comparison-and-contrast/

Picture of modular learning - Google Search. Google.com.ph. (2021). Retrieved 12 April 2021, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=picture+of+modular+learning&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wjgp8_ajPjvAhXYB6YKHbXnBwcQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+modular+learning&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBggAEA

Salamat po, Guro Ko-Ibon Foundation. 2021. https://www.ibon.org/salamat-po-guro-ko/

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Pampanga, Learning Resource
Management System
High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes, City of San Fernando
Pampanga, Philippines 1200
Telephone No: (045) 435-2728
Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

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