Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the method and procedures of the study. The

research design, the subject of the study, and the research procedures are

discussed here. A detailed description of the instrument and the treatment of

data used in this study were also presented here.

Research Design

For the purpose of describing the meaning of people’s lived experiences

of a concept or phenomenon, the researchers employed a phenomenological

research design which is a qualitative research approach that focuses on

exploring the subjective experiences and perspectives of individuals.

Phenomenology aims to understand how people make meaning of their

experiences and how individuals interpret their surroundings (Eckel, 2024).

Specifically, the researchers utilized Psychological Phenomenology which refers

to the description of an observable event or behavior that occurs in the mind or

behavior of an individual or group (Schimmelpfennig, 2023).

Subject of the Study

The subject of the study will be consisting of 37 Grade 11 Senior High

School students from the Encarnacion section of Biñan Integrated National High

School. The respondents will be selected using a purposive sampling technique

that involves deliberately choosing respondents who are likely to offer relevant
and valuable data, ensuring efficient utilization of research resources (Campbell

et al., 2020). The subject of the study, aged 16-18, encompass both male and

female senior high school students from the section of Encarnacion.

Research Instrument

The researcher will gather the data needed in this study using a prepared

questionnaire related to the study's objective. The questionnaire will ask HUMSS

11 Encarnacion students' about their habits and preferences for transportation.

The first part of the questionnaire will focus on the profile of the respondents,

which includes age, gender, and grade level. The second part of the

questionnaire will ask about the types of transportation that HUMSS 11-

Encarnacion usually takes to go to school. Options may include cycling, public

transportation, and personal vehicles. The third part of the questionnaire will

assess factors influencing transportation choices, such as convenience,

affordability, comfort, and availability. The last part of the questionnaire will

explore how HUMSS 11-Encarnacion students address the challenges they face

associated with their mode of transportation.

Research Procedure

1. Define Research Objectives: The research aims to expound the mode of

transportation preferences among Grade 11 students at Encarnacion. This

involves understanding the primary modes of transportation used, identifying

influential factors in transportation choice, and assessing any challenges

encountered during their commute.

2. Literature Review: A comprehensive review of existing literature on

transportation patterns among high school students will be conducted. This will

focus on studies conducted in similar demographic settings, exploring factors

such as distance from school, availability of public transportation, socioeconomic

status, and personal preferences.

3. Research Design: The research methodology will be determined which

includes surveys. This method will be evaluated for its ability to collect

comprehensive insights into students' transportation behaviors.

4. Sampling Strategy: The target population will be defined as Grade 11 students

at Encarnacion. A sampling frame will be developed, and a suitable sampling

technique, such as stratified random sampling, will be employed to ensure the

representativeness of the sample.

5. Questionnaire Development: A structured questionnaire will be designed

regarding the students' mode of transportation, frequency of use, reasons for

choosing specific modes, and any challenges encountered during their commute.

6. Pilot Testing: The questionnaire will be presented with Grade 11 students to

assess its clarity, comprehensibility, and relevance. Modifications will be made

based on feedback received to enhance its effectiveness.

7. Data Collection: The finalized questionnaire will be administered to Grade 11

students at Encarnacion. Confidentiality and anonymity of responses will be

ensured to encourage honest and accurate reporting.

8. Data Analysis: Appropriate statistical techniques, such as descriptive statistics,

chi-square tests, or regression analysis, will be employed to analyze the

collected data and identify patterns, trends, and correlations related to students'

mode of transportation.

9. Interpretation of Findings: The research findings will be interpreted in relation

to the research objectives, discussing key insights, significant findings, and

implications for transportation planning, school policies, and student welfare.

10. Report Writing: A comprehensive report will be compiled, presenting the

research findings, analysis, and interpretations in a clear, organized manner.

Results will be supported by tables, graphs, and quotes from participants, and

recommendations for addressing identified issues will be provided.

11. Dissemination and Feedback: The research findings will be shared with

relevant stakeholders, such as school administrators, transportation authorities,

and community members. Feedback will be sought on the research outcomes,

and discussions will be conducted to explore potential interventions and

strategies for improving students' commuting experiences.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following descriptive and inferential statistical treatments will be used

in the conduct of this study.

Analysis Statistical Tool

1. Profile of grade 11 Encarnacion Frequency (f), Percentage (%) Rank

students (r)
2. Mode of transportation of grade Frequency (f), Percentage (%), Rank
11- Encarnacion students (r)
primarily used to commute to
school
3. Factors influenced the decision Frequency (f), Percentage (%), Rank
of the respondents in selecting (r)
this mode of transportation
4. Challenges faced by grade 11- Frequency (f), Percentage (%), Rank
Encarnacion students on the (r)
chosen transportation
5. How the grade 11-Encarnacion Frequency (f), Verbal Interpretation,
students handle the challenges Percentage (%), Rank (r)
associated with their mode of
transportation
6. Did the choices of Frequency (f), Verbal Interpretation,
transportation impact their Percentage (%), Rank (r)
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