PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEWER

 INDOOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES – Refer to leisurely pursuits that can be enjoyed

within indoor settings, such as homes, community centers, sports complexes, or
recreational facilities.
 CHESS – It is a two-player strategy board game that has been played for centuries.
a. The game is played on an 8x8 square board.
b. 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and
eight pawns.
c. It is a game of skill, strategy, and tactics.
d. Chess is a game that has been played for centuries and was thought to have
originated in INDIA in the 15th century.
 CHATURANGA – It is an old Indian two-player board game and is believed to be the
earliest predecessor of the game of chess.
 STAUNTON - The modern design of chess pieces bears the name Staunton.
 LONDON TOUNEY – The first international chess tournament played in 1851.
a. ADOLF ANDERSSEN – He won the first international chess tournament and
became the unofficial best chess player of the world, because, he didn’t
receive any awards and certificates.
 PAUL MORPHY – The first great American born chess player. He travelled to Europe in
the 185O's, where he beat all challengers, including Adolf Anderssen.
 CHESS TOURNAMENT – The first official championship chess tournament was played in
1866 in London, with sand clocks to restrict the length of a game.
a. STEINITZ – (Bohemian Czechoslovakian Jew) won the game. He became the
world's first official chess champion, holding this title until 1894.
 BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CHESS
a. Chess increases the mathematical and scientific skills of the students. It also
enhances the problem-solving skills, concentration ability, as well as logical
thinking ability of the students.
b. It develops a sense of confidence and self-worth of a student.
c. It also increases communication skills of a student.
d. It gives a lesson of hard work and commitment.
e. Aside from intellectual exercise, chess provides entertainment and
relaxation. This game is free and can provide entertainment even for the
observers.
f. Chess also has health benefits. It is considered as a form of recreational
therapy. Chess keeps the mind healthy and a healthy mind result in healthy
body.
g. Chess a form of indoor recreational activity can be used to strengthen
family bond.
 WHAT IS YOUR GOAL IN THE GAME CHESS?
 a. To checkmate the opponents by using the chess pieces.
b. Your goal is solely to trap the King and threaten to capture, not to
capture the piece itself.
 THE CHESS BOARD – A standard chessboard consists of 64 alternating dark and light
squares as well as an initial setup of 32 pieces.
a. The letters in the side of the chess board are called “File”.
b. The numbers in the side of the chess board are called “Rank”.
 SETTING UP CHESS PIECES
a. Pawns – Is place across the 2nd and 7th ranks.
b. Rooks – Is place on the a1/a8 and h1/h8 squares.
c. Knights – Is place on the b1/b8 and g1/g8 squares.
d. Bishops – Is place on the c1/c8 and f1/f8 squares
e. Queens – Is place on the d1/d8 squares.
f. Kings – Is place on the e1 and e8 squares.
 MOVEMENT OF CHESS PIECES
a. Rook. The rook can move to as many non-occupied squares left,
right, up, or down.
b. Bishop. The bishop can move similarly to any non-occupied square
but in the diagonal direction.
c. Queen. The queen has the power of both the bishop and rook in
that it can move in both the + and x direction but cannot jump over
other pieces.
d. King. The king is a pretty simple piece in that it can move one
square in any direction and cannot jump over other pieces.
e. Knight. The best way to think about how the knight moves is in an
“L shape.”
f. Pawn. Generally, the pawn moves up 1 rank (1 square up) per move. But
in the first move, any pawn can move up 2 ranks (2 squares up).
 HOW DOES EACH PIECE CAPTURE?
a. The bishop, queen, king, knight, and rook can all directly capture a
single piece per move that is in its path of motion.
b. Pawns capture diagonally.
 CASTLING – Occurs by moving the king and rook in one move.
 PROMOTION – Occurs if a pawn reaches the final rank (either the 1st or 8th). At this
time, the pawn can be swapped for any other piece except for a king or another pawn.
 FORK – This is when a single piece attack 2 or more of your opponent’s pieces
 PIN – Is a piece of lower value blocks the path to a piece of higher value.
 STALEMATE – This describes a situation when one side has no legal moves to make,
thereby making a draw.