EARLY EDUCATION IN

CALAMBA AND BIÑAN

How did you learn the
alphabet?
The Hero’s First Teacher

◼ Doña Teodora was Jose’s first

non-formal teacher
◼ On her lap, Jose learned
prayers and the alphabet at the
age of three
Private Tutors of Rizal

◼ Maestro Celestino was Jose’s

first private tutor
◼ Maestro Lucas Padua was the
second private tutor
◼ Maestro Leon Monroy became
the hero’s tutor in Spanish and
Latin. He was a classmate of
Don Francisco.
The Uncles of Rizal

◼ Uncle Jose Alberto

– gave wise
direction in the
studies of Jose
◼ Uncle Gregorio –
instilled into the
mind of Jose the Jose Alberto

love for education

The Uncles of Rizal

“Work hard and perform every

task very carefully; learn to be
swift as well as thorough; be
independent in thinking; and
make visual pictures of
everything.”
– Uncle Gregorio
The Uncles of Rizal

◼ Uncle Manuel Alberto – seeing

Jose was frail in nature,
concerned himself with the
physical development of his
nephew
◼ He also taught Jose the love for
open air and admiration for the
beauty of nature
Jose Goes to Biñan

◼ Don Leon died five months later

and Jose was sent to a private
school in Biñan.
◼ June 1869 – Jose goes to Biñan
with Paciano
◼ Carromata – the mode of
transportation
◼ Aunt’s house – where Jose
lodged
First Day in School

◼ Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

– formal teacher
◼ Rizal described Maestro
Justiniano as tall, thin, long-
necked, sharp-nosed, with a
body slightly bent forward
◼ The school was in Maestro
Justiniano’s house
First School Brawl

◼ Pedro (the teacher’s son) –

wrestling
◼ Andres Salandanan – arm
wrestling
Painting Lessons in Biñan

◼ Old Juancho – freely gave Jose

painting lessons
◼ Jose Rizal and his classmate
Jose Guevarra became
apprentices of Old Juancho
Daily Life in Biñan

Jose’s daily routine:

◼ Hears mass at 4 a.m. or studies
lesson before going to mass
◼ Goes to orchard to look for
mabolo to eat
◼ Breakfast

◼ Goes to class at 10 a.m.

◼ Lunch break
Daily Life in Biñan

◼ Goes back to school at 2 p.m.

◼ Goes home at 5 p.m.
◼ Prays with cousins
◼ Studies lessons, then draws a
little
◼ Has supper
◼ Prays again
Daily Life in Biñan

◼ Plays in the street if moon is

bright
◼ Sleeps
Best Student in School

◼ Jose surpassed his classmates

in Spanish, Latin and other
subjects
◼ His older classmates were
jealous and squealed to the
teacher whenever he had fights
◼ Jose usually received five or six
blows while laid out on a bench
End of Biñan Schooling

◼ December 17, 1870 – Jose left

Biñan
◼ Talim – the steamer that Jose
rode
◼ Arturo Camps – a Frenchman
and a friend of Don Francisco,
he took care of Jose during the
trip
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

◼ January 20, 1872 – Cavite

mutiny
◼ February 17, 1872 – Fathers
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora were
implicated and executed
◼ The GOMBURZA were leaders
of the secularization movement
The GOMBURZA
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

◼ The martyrdom of the three

priests inspired Rizal to fight the
evils of Spanish tyranny
◼ In 1891, Rizal dedicated his
second novel El Filibusterismo
to GOMBURZA
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

◼ In 1872, Doña Teodora was

arrested on a malicious charge
that she aided his brother Jose
Alberto in trying to poison his
wife
◼ Jose Alberto planned to divorce
his wife because of her infidelity
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

◼ Jose Alberto’s wife connived

with the Spanish lieutenant of
the Guardia Civil and filed a
case against Rizal’s mother
◼ Antonio Vivencio del Rosario –
gobernadorcillo of Calamba,
helped the lieutenant arrest
Doña Teodora
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

◼ 50 kilometers – Doña Teodora

was made to walk from
Calamba to the provincial prison
in Santa Cruz
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

◼ Don Francisco de Marcaida &

Don Manuel Mazano – most
famous lawyers of Manila,
defended Doña Teodora in court
◼ After 2 ½ years – the Royal
Audiencia acquitted Doña
Teodora