Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

CHAPTER

Early Education in Calamba and

Biňan
3
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

The Hero’s First Teacher

- Typical schooling of an ilustrado son: 4Rs ---
Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic, Religion

- Knowledge was forced into the minds of students

by means of memory method aided by the
teacher’s whip.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

The Hero’s First Teacher

- Doña Teodora was Jose’s
first non-formal teacher

- On her lap, Jose learned

prayers and the alphabet at
the age of three
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

The Hero’s First Teacher

- She encouraged him to
write poems and told him
stories: to lighten the
monotony of memorizing the
ABCs and to stimulate her
son’s imagination.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Private Tutors of Rizal

* Private tutors were employed: Spanish and Latin

- Maestro Celestino was Jose’s first private

tutor.
- Maestro Lucas Padua was the second private
tutor
- Maestro Leon Monroy became the hero’s tutor
in Spanish and Latin. He was a classmate of
Don Francisco.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

The Uncles of Rizal

* Uncle Jose Alberto – gave
wise direction in the studies
of Jose
* Uncle Gregorio – instilled
into the mind of Jose the love
for education

Jose Alberto
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

“Work hard and perform every task very

carefully; learn to be swift as well as
thorough; be independent in thinking; and
make visual pictures of everything.”
– Uncle Gregorio
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

* Uncle Manuel Alberto – seeing Jose was

frail in nature, concerned himself with the
physical development of his nephew

* He also taught Jose the love for open air

and admiration for the beauty of nature
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Jose Goes to Biñan

Jose experienced his first homesickness

* Don Leon died five months later and Jose was

sent to a private school in Biñan.
* June 1869 – Jose goes to Biñan with Paciano
* Carromata – the mode of transportation
* Aunt’s house – where Jose lodged
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

First Day in School

* Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – formal
teacher

* Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as tall, thin,

long-necked, sharp-nosed, with a body slightly
bent forward

* The school was in Maestro Justiniano’s house

* Students laughing at Jose’s answers
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

First School Brawl

* Jose met the bully, Pedro (Maestro Justiniano’s
son)
- Jose was angry at this bully for making fun of
him during his conversation with the teacher
- Jose challenged Pedro to a fight
- Jose having learned the art of wrestling from
his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger
boy.
- For this feat, Jose became popular among
his classmates.
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

First School Brawl

* Andres Salandanan
- After the class: a classmate named Andres
Salandanan challenged Jose to an arm-
wrestling match.

- They went to a sidewalk of a house and

wrestled with their arms.

- Jose, having the weaker arm, lost and

nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Painting Lessons in Biñan

• Old Juancho - father-in-law of the school’s
teacher
- Jose, lured by his love for painting, spent many
leisure hours at the painter’s studio.
- freely gave Jose painting lessons
- Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra
became apprentices of Old Juancho.
- They became favorite painters of the class
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Daily Life in Biñan

Jose’s daily routine:
* Hears mass at 4 a.m. or studies lesson before going
to mass
* Breakfast, goes to class and went out at 10. Jose
goes home at once, have lunch and studies.
* Goes to school at 2, and goes out at 5. Prays with
cousins and goes home afterwards.
* He studies lessons, drew a little, and then eats his
supper.
* Prays, and plays with his nieces in the street when
the moon is out.
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Best Student in School

* Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Latin
and other subjects
* Older classmates were jealous of his intellectual
superiority.
*They wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever
Jose had a fight outside the school, and told lies
to discredit him before the teacher’s eyes.
* Jose usually received five or six blows while laid
out on a bench
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

End of Biñan Schooling

* Letter from sister, Saturnina: arrival of the

steamer Talim which would take him from Binan
to Calamba. This was Jose’s first time to ride in a
steamer.
* December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan
* Talim – the steamer that Jose rode
* Arturo Camps – a Frenchman and a friend of
Don Francisco, he took care of Jose during the
trip.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
* About 200 Filipino Soldiers and workmen of the
Cavite arsenal under the leadership of Lamadrid,
Filipino Sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because
their usual privileges were abolished, including
exemption from tribute and polo (forced labor) by:
Gov. Rafael de Izquierdo.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
* The Spanish authorities, in order to liquidate
Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora, leaders of the secular movement to
Filipinize the Philippine Parishes, magnified the failed
mutiny into a “revolt” for Philippine Independence.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
• January 20, 1872 – Cavite mutiny
• February 17, 1872 – Fathers Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were implicated
and executed.
• Despite the archbishop’s plea for clemency
because of their innocence, they were still
executed.
• The GOMBURZA were leaders of the
secularization movement.
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

The GOMBURZA
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
• Paciano, enraged by the execution of Burgos, his
beloved friend and teacher, quit his studies and
returned to Calamba, where he told the heroic story
of Burgos to Jose, who was 11 years old.
• The Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za inspired Rizal to
fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his
oppressed people. This motivated him to develop his
studies.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

• He dedicated his 2nd

novel, El
Filibusterismo, to
Gom-Bur-Za.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

• In 1872, Doña Teodora was arrested on a

malicious charge that she aided his brother Jose
Alberto in trying to poison his wife
• Jose Alberto planned to divorce his wife
because of her infidelity.
• Jose Alberto, a rich Binan ilustrado, had just
returned from a business trip in Europe.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

• During his absence his wife abandoned their

home and children.
• When he arrived in Binan, he found her living
with another man.
• Infuriated by her infidelity, he planned to divorce
her.
• Dona Teodora, to avert family scandal,
persuaded him to forgive his wife.
• The family trouble was amicably settled, and
Jose Alberto lived again with his wife.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

• However, the wife of Jose Alberto, with the
connivance of the Spanish lieutenant (had been
friends of the Rizals and was treated as their
honored guest in their home) of the Guardia Civil,
filed a case in court accusing her husband and
Dona Teodora of attempting to poison her.
• This lieutenant happened to have an ax to grind
against the Rizal family, because at one time Don
Francisco (Rizal’s father) refused to give him
fodder for his horse. Taking the opportunity to
avenge himself, he arrested Dona Teodora.
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

* Jose Alberto’s wife connived with the Spanish

lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed a
case against Rizal’s mother.

* Antonio Vivencio del Rosario –

gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the
lieutenant arrest Doña Teodora
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

* 50 kilometers – Doña Teodora was

made to walk from Calamba to the
provincial prison in Santa Cruz.
 Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

* Don Francisco de Marcaida & Don Manuel

Mazano – most famous lawyers of Manila,
defended Doña Teodora in court
* After 2 ½ years – the Royal Audiencia acquitted
Doña Teodora
Soc Sci 16: LIFE and WORKS of RIZAL

Thank you and God

Bless...