1/17/24, 11:14 PM Respiratory System

Human Respiratory System

2.1 Human Respiratory System

Definition
The respiratory system is a respiratory system that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs

The structure of the human respiratory system:

The function of each structure in the human respiratory system:

Parts Structure Function

Moisturizes the air that passes through it as well as traps dust

Nasal cavity The cavity consists of moist tissue and fine hairs
in the air

The outer wall is made up of cartilage rings, while the inner wall The cartilage ring prevents the trachea from perishing. Cilia
Trachea is made up of epithelial cells with cilia and cells that secrete and mucus help to trap dust and micro-organisms present in
mucus the air

Bronchus Two branches of the trachea leading to the lungs The air continues to the left and right lungs

Lungs Soft, like a sponge, as well as rich in blood vessels and alveoli Where the gas exchange takes place

Rib Cage-shaped bones in the thoracic cavity Protects the lungs

Diaphragm Dome-shaped muscles when at rest Separate the piston cavity from the abdominal cavity

Intercostal Muscle tissue between two ribs. It is also known as skeletal

Move the ribs

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muscles muscle

The mechanisms of the human respiratory system:

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1/17/24, 11:14 PM Respiratory System

The difference between inhalation and exhalation:

Inhalation Exhalation

The outer intercostal muscles contract The outer intercostal muscles relax

Rib
The ribs move up and out
moving down and in

The diaphragm shrinks and flattens The diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards

The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure in the The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases and the air pressure in the
thoracic cavity decreases thoracic cavity increases

Air enters the lungs Air is exhaled from the lungs

Oxygen content 21.0% and carbon dioxide 0.03% Oxygen content 16.4% and carbon dioxide

The differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide content in certain parts:

Content
Parts
Oxygen Carbon dioxide

Alveolus High Low

Pulmonary blood capillaries Low High

Capillary tissue High Low

Body cells Low High

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