William Herbert

Sheldon
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Buan, Harold Chester
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Salvador, Elizha Yvonne
 RAPHY
BIOG
 William Herbert
Sheldon
American psychologist and physiologist William
• Herbert Sheldon was born in Warwick, Rhode
Island, on November 19, 1898, and grew up in a
family of educators

•Sheldon attended the University of Chicago, where

he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1924

• He later pursued graduate studies in psychology and anthropology at the same

university where he received a Ph.D. in psychology in 1926 and an M.D. in 1933
• Influenced by the pragmatism of American philosopher and psychologist
William James He constructed a classification system that associated
physiology and psychology, which he outlined in The Varieties of Human
Physique: An Introduction to Constitutional Psychology(1940), The
Varieties of Temperament: A Psychology of Constitutional Differences
(1942), and Atlas of Men: A Guide for Somatotyping the Adult Male at All
Ages(1954).

• Sheldon was also influenced by the theories put out by German

psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer, who connected physical
characteristics to personality qualities.

• Sheldon classified people according to three body types, or

somatotypes: endomorphs, mesomorphs, ectomorphs.

• William Sheldon's somatotype theory remains a notable example of a

theory that gained popularity but was later discredited.

• After his academic career, Sheldon moved to the East Coast and led
a quieter life. He died on September 17, 1977, in Massachusetts.
 SHELDON’S CONSTITUTIONAL
THEORY : SOMATOTYPING
An Overview to Somatotyping
Somatotype refers to the body build or physique
of a person.
Somatotype is a discredited theory of
personality that associates different body
compositions with various personality traits and
temperament or behavioral characteristics.
William Herbert Sheldon originated the
Somatotype in the 1940s.
Sheldon was heavily influenced by Ernst
Kretschmer’s constitutional psychology.
SHELDON’S CONSTITUTIONAL
THEORY : SOMATOTYPING
Three Major Human Personality Traits

Cerebrotonia Somatotonia Viscerotonia

= = =
Ectomorphy Mesomorphy Endomorphy
SHELDON’S CONSTITUTIONAL
THEORY : SOMATOTYPING
How did William Sheldon conduct the Somatotyping Theory?
Sheldon took extensive photographs and
measurements of the subjects.
Sheldon created a rating system for each
component, ranging from 1 to 7, with higher
scores indicating a higher degree of the
respective component.
After assigning scores to each component,
individuals were classified into one of the 243
possible combinations of the three
components.
 SHELDON’S CONSTITUTIONAL
THEORY : SOMATOTYPING
Three Major Human Personality Traits
He conjured that the three body types were a
theoretical extension of embryonic
development.
According to Sheldon, an individual's body type
is dependent on how many embryonic layers one
has.
There are three embryonic layers:
1. Endoderm,
2. Mesoderm
3. Ectoderm
SHELDON’S CONSTITUTIONAL
THEORY : SOMATOTYPING
An individual's somatotype can
change over time due to
exercise, diet, and aging.
Typically, as an individual age,
body fat increases and changes
in distribution, which can alter
overall body composition.
 W.H SHELDON’S THREE
SOMATOTYPES
1. ENDOMORPHIC
An Endomorphic somatotype is also known as
a viscerotonic.
Physically, they tend to have:
Wide hips and narrow shoulders, which
makes them rather pear shaped.
Quite a lot of fat spread across the body,
including upper arms and thighs.
They have quite slim ankles and wrists, which
only serves to accentuate the fatter other
parts.
 W.H SHELDON’S THREE
SOMATOTYPES
Psychologically, they are:
Sociable
Fun
Love of food
Tolerant
Eventempered
Good humored
Relaxed
With a love of comfort
Has a need for affection
 W.H SHELDON’S THREE
SOMATOTYPES
2. ECTOMORPHIC
The temperament of an ectomorph is
described as cerebrotonic.
Physically, they tend to have:
Narrow shoulders and hips
A thin and narrow face, with a high forehead
A thin and narrow chest and abdomen
Thin legs and arms
Very little body fat
Even though they may eat as much as the
endomorph, they never seem to put on
weight (much to the endomorph's chagrin).
 W.H SHELDON’S THREE
SOMATOTYPES
Psychologically they are:
Selfconscious
Private
Introverted
Inhibited
Socially anxious
Artistic
Intense
Emotionally restrained
Thoughtful
 W.H SHELDON’S THREE
SOMATOTYPES
3. MESOMORPHIC
The temperament of a mesomorph is
described as somatotonic.
Physically, they have the more 'desirable'
body, and have:
Large head, broad shoulders and narrow
waist (wedge shaped).
Muscular body, with strong forearms and
and thighs.
Very little body fat.
They are generally considered as 'well
proportioned'
 W.H SHELDON’S THREE
SOMATOTYPES
Psychologically, they are:
Adventurous
Courageous
Indifferent to what others
think or want
Assertive/bold
Zest for physical activity
Competitive
With a desire for
power/dominance
A love of risk/chance
 examples of the somatotypes
Thomas Jacob "Jack" Black (born August 28, 1969) is an American
actor, comedian, and musician.
Based on William Sheldon's somatotyping theory, Jack Black is
often considered to have a more endomorphic physique. In
Sheldon's system, endomorphy is associated with roundness and
softness. Jack Black's body type might be characterized by a
higher level of body fat and a rounder, softer appearance.
PERSONALITY:
relaxed
comfortable
good-humored
even-tempered
sociable
love of food
CRIMINAL TENDECY:
Endomorphs were more likely to be mentally ill.
This type people's criminal tendencies are very low.
 examples of the somatotypes
Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an
English actor.
According to William Sheldon's somatotyping theory, which
classified individuals into three primary somatotypes, Benedict
Cumberbatch might be considered more ectomorphic. This is
based on the perceived characteristics associated with an
ectomorph, which typically includes a lean and slender physique.
PERSONALITY:
intelligent
gentle
self-consciouS
inhibited
artistic
thoughtful
intense
emotionally restrain
examples of the somatotypes
CRIMINAL TENDENCY:
Ectomorphs were more likely to
commit suicide. Ectomorphic is
opposite to Endomorphic. The
criminal tendency of ectomorphic is
less than mesomorphic but not more
than endomorphic.
 examples of the somatotypes
John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. (John Cena) is an American
professional wrestler, actor, and television presenter. Widely
regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all
time, he is currently signed to the WWE on a part-time deal,
and has starred in various films.
Based on William Sheldon's theory John Cena is perceived to
have a mesomorphic physique. He is characterized by a
muscular and athletic build, with broad shoulders and a
well-defined musculature. Cena's physical appearance, with
his muscular and powerful build, aligns with the
mesomorphic somatotype.
PERSONALITY:
adventurous
desire for power/dominance
competitive
zest for physical activity
assertive/bold
tough
examples of the somatotypes
CRIMINAL TENDECY:
In subsequent studies of juvenile
delinquency, Sheldon argued that
mesomorphic types were more likely to
engage in crime. Mesomorphs are more
likely to commit crime. The original work
of Sheldon was used to characterize
criminals and he found that most of the
criminals were mesomorphs because
violent crimes were usually committed by
big strong men.
 criticisms
A key criticism of Sheldon's constitutional theory is that it was
not a theory at all but a general assumption of continuity between
structure and behavior and a set of descriptive concepts to
measure physique and behavior in a scaled manner.
His use of thousands of photographs of naked Ivy League
undergraduates, obtained without explicit consent from a pre-
existing program evaluating student posture, has been strongly
criticized.
Limited Empirical Support:
Stereotyping and Oversimplification:
Inconsistencies in Classification:
Limited Relevance to Personality
Cultural and Gender Bias:
Ethical Concerns:
 JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Juvenile
-a person who is not old enough to be considered an adult
-between the ages of 15-18.

Delinquent
- a person who does not follow the law.
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
is a legal term that refers to when minors
engage in illegal behavior before reaching
the legal age of 18.
ex: vandalism, motor theft, rape, and murder.
TWO MAIN TYPES OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS
1. Repeat offenders- are minors who have previously been
convicted of a crime and have re-offended.
2. Age-Specific offenders- are minors
who have committed a crime that
is specific to their age group
ex: truancy, and underage drinking.
EXPERIMENT BY SHELDON
compared 200 young men delinquents and 200 non
delinquent college students.
many of the juvenile delinquents
men has mesomorphic body type.
most of the college students had
ectomorphic body type.
CRIMINAL TENDENCIES
Mesomorphic body types- more likely to engage in crime.
Ectomorphic body types- likely to commit suicide
Endomorphic body types- more likely to be mentally ill.
 +3 POINTS
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN
TYPES OF JUVENILE
OFFENDERS?
 ASSOCIATIONS OF
SOMATOTYPING THEORY WITH
THE 5 DEVELOPMENTS
 Physical Development

•Endomorph
Endomorphs typically have a round and
soft physique, with a tendency to store fat
easily. They often have wider hips and
shorter limbs.
 •Mesomorph
Mesomorphs are characterized by a
muscular and athletic build, with broad
shoulders, a narrow waist, and a higher
proportion of muscle mass.
 •Ectomorph
Ectomorphs have a lean and slender
physique, with narrow shoulders and long
limbs.
 +2 points
•Does your body change your way of
thinking?
 Answer :

It's called the “somatopsychic response” You may

have heard of the “psychosomatic response” before
—which is the mind's ability to affect the body. The
somatopsychic response is the reverse of that; it's
the body's ability to affect the mind—and it's every
bit as powerful as the psychosomatic response.
 Psychosocial Development
•Endomorph
Individuals with an endomorphic body type
may face societal pressures and stereotypes
related to body image, with potential
influences on self-esteem and body
confidence.
 •Mesomorph
Mesomorphs, who typically have a more
muscular build, might encounter
expectations or stereotypes related to
physical strength and athleticism.
 •Ectomorph
Ectomorphs, with a lean and slender
physique, may experience societal
pressures related to thinness or
expectations related to their body type.
 Emotional Development
•Endomorphs
According to sheldon, he described
endomorphs as being relaxed, comfortable,
good-humored, even-tempered, sociable,
and tolerant.
 •Mesomorph
Sheldon said mesomorphs are adventurous,
assertive, competitive, and fearless. They
are curious and enjoy trying new things,
but can also be obnoxious and aggressive.
 •Ectomorph
Sheldon said that the ectomorph
personality is anxious, self-conscious,
artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
 +2 points

How did sheldon got the idea?

 Answer :
Sheldon's life's work was spent observing
human bodies. Basa sakanyang mga
obserbasyons at mga interviews sa daang
daang mga tao, ginawa niya ang mga
tatlong body/personality types which is the
somatotype.
 Cognitive Development
•Sheldon said most of the people he saw in prison are mostly
bigger physique people. So what are the differences of bigger
physique and smaller physique people?

-Physique alone does not determine one's mindset, and it's

essential to avoid assumptions about individuals based on their
body size. However, it is possible to explore some common
stereotypes or perceptions associated with different body sizes
 A.)Bigger Physique
1.) Strength and Confidence - There can be a stereotype that
individuals with a larger or more muscular physique are
perceived as stronger and more confident. This perception may
influence their self-esteem and interactions with others.

2.) Societal Expectations - Some individuals with a bigger

physique might face societal expectations or stereotypes related
to physical strength or athleticism. This can influence their self-
perception and how they navigate social situations.
 B.) Smaller Physique
1.) Perceived Vulnerability - People with a smaller physique may
sometimes be stereotyped as more vulnerable or less physically
imposing. This can impact how they are perceived by others and
may influence their own sense of confidence.

2.) Societal Pressures - There may be societal pressures or

expectations regarding body size, with some individuals feeling
the need to conform to certain standards. This can affect their
self-esteem and body image.
 +2 points
•Do genes influence thinking skills?
 Answer :
As individuals, we vary widely in the level of our thinking skills,
or ‘cognitive function. We inherit cognitive function from our
parents, in the same way that physical characteristics are
passed down. Scientists have discovered that, unlike eye colour,
cognitive function is not influenced by a few genes but by many.
Individually, each gene has a small influence but together they
account for more than half.
 Spiritual Development
•Endomorphs are "Relaxed". Through
relaxation they experience the sensations
of melting down, of expansion, lightness
and warmth. Relaxation is not so much a
state as a process, a series of levels of
increasing depth.
•Mesomorphs are "Fearless" meaning their
confidence in God and His Word should be
the first thing we do when we hear a
negative report. Going to God's Word first,
gives fear no opportunity to take hold of
our mind and our hearts.
 •For Ectomorphs let's say they are
"Thoughtful". They are someone who is
described as thoughtful they probably possess
the usual kindness and consideration for
others. This use of the adjective would be
entirely in line with what the New Testament
teaches.
 Relativity
1. Sports Science and Performance:
Researchers have explored the relationship between somatotypes
and athletic performance. For example, mesomorphs are often
associated with better performance in strength and power sports,
while ectomorphs may excel in endurance activities.
2. Anthropology:
Studies on the distribution of somatotypes in various people and
cultures have been conducted. Researchers look at the roles that
genetics and environment play in the differences in body shapes
among various ethnic groups.
Sports Science and Performance
3. Health and Medicine
Research has looked into the relationship between somatotypes
and health outcomes. Endomorphs, for example, might be more
prone to certain medical issues, such obesity or metabolic
diseases.
4. Psychology
Potential connections between personality traits and somatotypes have
been investigated by researchers. Even though this part of the idea has
been criticized, some research has looked into potential relationships
between specific psychological traits and body shape.
5. Body Image and Perception
Some research has examined how individuals perceive their
own bodies and the bodies of others based on the
somatotyping framework. This may have implications for body
image issues and the societal ideals of beauty.
5. Genetics and Somatotype
Research has looked into the potential genetic influences on
somatotypes. Our understanding of human variety can be
enhanced by comprehending the genetic underpinnings of body
kinds.
6. Educational Contexts
The use of somatotyping in educational contexts—especially
physical education programs—has been the subject of some
investigations. Comprehending distinct body types facilitates
the customization of exercise and training regimens.
 TIME!!!
QUIZ
 Rules
3 pieces of 1/2 Crosswise
Strictly NO Cheating
Erasures are wrong
NO Tampering
1 Minute to Answer
10 Secs to Review your answers
 True or False

1. William Herbert Sheldon is an american psychologist and

anthropologist was born in Warwick, Chicago, on November 19,
1889, and grew up in a family of educators.
 True or False

2. Sheldon was also influenced by the theories put out by

German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer, who connected
physical characteristics to personality qualities.
 True or False
3. Influenced by the pragmatism of American philosopher and
psychologist William James, which he outlined in The Varieties of
Human Physique: An Introduction to Constitutional
Psychology(1940), The Varieties of Temperament: A Psychology of
Constitutional Differences (1942), and Atlas of Men: A Guide for
Somatotyping the Adult Male at All Ages(1954).
 True or False
4. Sheldon classified people according to three body types,
or somatotypes: endomorphs, mesomorphs, ectomorphs.
 True or False
5. Sheldon attended the University of Chicago, where he
earned his Bachelor of Science degree in 1925.
 Identification
6. It refers to the body build or physique of a
person.
 Identification

7. This kind of somatotype is also known as a viscerotonic.

Physically, they tend to have:
Wide hips and narrow shoulders, which makes them rather
pear shaped.
 Identification
8. Is a discredited theory of personality that associates
different body compositions with various personality traits and
temperament or behavioral characteristics.
 Identification
9. He conjured that the three body types were a
theoretical extension of embryonic development.
 Identification
10. Physically, they have
muscular body, with strong forearms and and thighs.
 Enumeration
11-13. List the three (3) Somatotypes
 Enumeration
14-16. List at least three (3) theory of
William Sheldon
 Matching Type
1. More likely to engage in A. Deliquency
crime.
2. Are minors who have B. Age-Specific Offenders
committed a crime that is
specific to their age group. C. Juvenile
3. A person who does not
follow the law. D. Mesomorphic Body
4. A person who is not old Types
enough to be considered an
adult. E. Endomorphic Body Types