DEAERATOR

A deaerator is a crucial
component in many industrial
boiler and steam generation
systems. Its primary purpose is
to remove dissolved gases,
primarily oxygen and carbon
dioxide, from the feedwater
before it enters the boiler. The
removal of these gases is
essential for preventing
corrosion and scaling within the
boiler system, which can lead to
reduced efficiency and costly maintenance issues.
Here's a more detailed description of
the technical and mechanical
characteristics of a typical deaerator:
1. Storage Tank: The heart of a
deaerator is a large storage tank, often
cylindrical in shape, designed to hold a
substantial volume of feedwater. The
tank is typically constructed from
carbon steel and is insulated to
maintain the feedwater temperature
and minimize heat loss.

2. Inlet and Outlet Connections: The deaerator has connections for the inlet of
the incoming feedwater and the outlet of the deaerated water. The feedwater
enters the tank at the top, where it is sprayed or cascaded down to maximize
its exposure to the surrounding atmosphere.

3. Spray Nozzles or Tray System: Within the deaerator tank, you'll find a system
for introducing the feedwater into the deaerator. This can be accomplished
using spray nozzles or a tray system. In the case of spray nozzles, the feedwater
is broken into fine droplets, which increases the surface area and enhances the
release of dissolved gases. Tray systems involve the feedwater cascading over
multiple trays or baffles, allowing for effective degasification.

4. Steam Injection or Mechanical Scrubbing: In addition to the atmospheric

exposure provided by the spray nozzles or trays, many deaerators utilize other
methods to further reduce the concentration of dissolved gases. This can
include steam injection into the feedwater, which heats the water and aids in
gas removal, or mechanical scrubbing devices that physically agitate the water
to promote gas release.

5. Vent and Exhaust System: The gases released from the feedwater during the
deaeration process are collected and removed from the tank. The vented gases
may be sent to a separate vent stack or disposed of in a safe manner.

6. Level Control: Deaerator systems often include level control mechanisms to

ensure a consistent level of water within the tank. This may involve float
switches or other level-sensing devices.

7. Temperature Control: Maintaining a specific temperature within the

deaerator tank is essential to maximize its effectiveness. Temperature control is
typically achieved through the use of steam injection or electrical heating
elements.

8. Pressure Control: The deaerator operates at a controlled pressure, which is

usually slightly above atmospheric pressure. Pressure control devices, such as
safety valves, are employed to maintain the desired pressure level.

9. Materials of Construction: Deaerators are typically constructed from

materials like carbon steel, stainless steel, or other corrosion-resistant
materials to ensure longevity and prevent contamination of the feedwater.
10. Instrumentation and Control System: Deaerator systems are equipped with
instrumentation for monitoring and controlling various parameters such as
water level, temperature, and pressure. Modern deaerator systems may also
integrate with a plant's control system for automated operation.

In summary, a deaerator is a critical component in industrial boiler systems,

and its design and operation are essential for maintaining the efficiency and
integrity of the entire steam generation process. It combines several
mechanical and technical features to effectively remove dissolved gases from
feedwater, ensuring the longevity and reliability of boiler systems.

Principle of Dearators
Dearator commonly works based on the subsequent principles.

Henry’s Law
According to Henry’s low is in a liquid the gas solubility is directly proportional to the partial
pressure. thus if we tend to decrease the partial pressure of the dissolved gas by adding
steam in Deaerator, its solubility decreases and also the gas is faraway from water.
Inverse Solubility of Water
When the temperature of water is growing, the dissolved oxygen content within the water is
decreases. Thus the water temp. is growing by inserting steam in Deaerator, the dissolved
gas solubility is reduced and also the gases are withdrawal from water.

1. Tray Type Deaerator:

- Design Description: Tray type deaerators consist of a

vertical vessel with perforated trays located at the top of the
deaeration section. The bottom portion of the vessel serves
as a storage area for boiler feedwater.
- Feedwater Entry: The feedwater, which contains
dissolved gases, enters the deaerator and comes into contact
with the perforated trays. These trays create a large surface area and provide an extended
residence time for the water to interact with the incoming steam.
 - Steam Contact: Steam is introduced at the bottom of the deaerator vessel through
sparger pipes. As the steam rises through the trays, it heats the incoming feedwater and
promotes the release of dissolved gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide. These gases
are driven out of the water and exit through the venting system.
- Storage Section: After the deaeration process, the water flows down into the
horizontal storage section at the bottom of the vessel. In this section, steam may also be
added to maintain the stored water at its saturation temperature. This helps prevent the
reabsorption of gases before the water is sent to the boiler.

2. Spray Type Deaerator:

- Design Description: Spray type deaerators feature

spray nozzles in the feedwater entry space. This design is
more compact compared to tray type deaerators.
- Feedwater Entry: Feedwater enters the deaerator
vessel and is immediately sprayed into fine droplets using
spray nozzles. The purpose of this spraying is to increase the surface area of the water and
enhance its exposure to incoming steam.
- Steam Contact: Steam is introduced into the vessel, where it mixes with the sprayed
feedwater. As the steam condenses, it releases its heat, which heats the water and promotes
the release of dissolved gases. The gases are vented out of the system.
- Storage Section: Similar to tray type deaerators, spray type deaerators also have a
storage section where the deaerated water is collected. Steam may be added to this section
to maintain the water at its saturation temperature.

Comparison:
- Size and Space: Spray type deaerators are generally more compact and require less
vertical space compared to tray type deaerators.
- Efficiency: Both types are effective at removing dissolved gases, but the choice
between them may depend on the specific requirements of the system and available space.
- Complexity: Tray type deaerators can be more complex due to the design of the
trays and the need for multiple stages. Spray type deaerators are simpler in design.
 In summary, both tray type and spray type deaerators serve the same fundamental
purpose of removing dissolved gases from feedwater before it enters the boiler. The choice
between them depends on factors such as space availability, system requirements, and
efficiency considerations.

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